A Handbook of Rice Seedborne Fungi TW Mew and P ... - IRRI books

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Fig. 38. Occurrence of black kernel (Ou 1985, CABI/EPPO 1997).c. Location on seedCurvularia sp. is observed most often on thelemma and/or palea (about 66%) of the seed (Fig.41).Microscopic charactera. Mycelia—septated, branched, subhyaline to lightbrown, in some cases dark brown (Fig. 40d).b. Conidiophores—dark brown, unbranched, septate,sometimes bent and knotted at the tip (Fig. 40e).c. Conidia—dark brown, boat-shaped, rounded at thetip, mostly a little constricted at the base; withhilum scarcely or not at all protuberant, smoothwalled,light to dark brown, with three septa; the2nd cell is larger than the 1st, 3rd, and 4th cells;bent on the 2nd cell; borne at the tip, arranged in awhorl one over another or more or less spirallyarranged or in thick panicles (Fig. 40f). Measurements:16.33–24.84 µ × 7.36–13.34 µ (PDA);17.48–27.37 µ × 8.28–13.11 µ (PSA); and 15.64–26.91 µ × 7.36–12.65 µ (MEA).Colony characters on culture media (Fig. 42)Colonies on PDA at ART (28–30 °C) grow fast andattain an 8.40-cm diam in 5 d. Colonies are zonatedand felted; the conidial area is greenish gray with a 3-mm sterile advancing margin and abundant grayishmycelial tufts. The colony appearance on the reverseside of the agar plate is zonated and gray. At 21 °Cunder alternating 12-h NUV light and 12-h darkness,colonies grow moderately fast and attain a 5.94-cmdiam in 5 d. They are cottony to slightly felted withslight radial furrows and 5-mm even, sterile margins,zonated, and black, becoming gray toward the margins.The colony appearance on the reverse side ofthe agar plate appears zonated and black at the centerand lighter outward. At 28 °C under alternating12-h fluorescent light and 12-h darkness, coloniesgrow very fast and attain an 8.30-cm diam in 5 d.Colonies are zonated, hairy to slightly felted, and theconidial area is olive gray to greenish gray with a 2-mm sterile white margin. The colony appearance onthe reverse side of the agar plate is slightly zonatedand black.Colonies on PSA at ART (28–30 °C) grow veryfast and attain an 8.50-cm diam in 5 d. They areslightly zonated, slightly cottony, and somewhat depressedto the media. The conidial area is black with3-mm sterile white margins becoming black asconidia are produced. The colony on the reverse sideof the agar plate appears zonated and slightly black.At 21 °C under alternating 12-h NUV light and 12-hdarkness, colonies grow fast and attain a 6.91-cmdiam in 5 d. They are zonated, slightly cottony, with a39
Detection frequency (%)120100East AsiaEuropeLatin AmericaSouth AsiaSoutheast AsiaSub-Saharan Africa806040200Detection level (%)1008060402001990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997YearFig. 39. Detection frequency (a) and level (b) of Curvularia sp. from imported untreated seeds, 1990-97.black conidial area with 3-mm sterile white margins.The colony on the reverse side of the agar plate appearszonated, black, and light outward. At 28 °Cunder alternating 12-h fluorescent light and 12-hdarkness, colonies grow very fast and attain a 9.0-cmdiam in 5 d. They are zonated, slightly cottony, andthe conidial area is black with 5-mm sterile whitemargins turning black as conidia are produced. Thecolony on the reverse side of the agar plate appearsslightly zonated, black, and light outward.Colonies on MEA at ART (28–30 °C) grow veryfast and attain an 8.17-cm diam in 5 d. They aremarkedly zonated, felted, and greenish gray. Thecolony on the reverse side of the agar plate appearszonated and black. At 21 °C under alternating 12-hNUV light and 12-h darkness, colonies grow moderatelyfast and attain a 6.53-cm diam in 5 d. They arezonated, brown, and light outward. The colony on thereverse side of the agar plate appears zonated andbrown, becoming lighter outward. At 28 °C underalternating 12-h fluorescent light and 12-h darkness,colonies grow very fast and attain an 8.23-cm diamin 5 d. They are zonated, slightly felted, olivaceousbrown, and become light outward with 2-mm sterilewhite margins. The colony on the reverse side of theagar plate appears slightly zonated and black.40
Page 4 and 5: ContentsPrefaceVINTRODUCTION 1FUNCT
Page 6: PrefaceSeed health testing has beco
Page 10: Functions of seed health testingSee
Page 14 and 15: Table 3. Pathogen profiles closely
Page 16 and 17: Table 4. Germination (%) of untreat
Page 18: Microorganisms associated with seed
Page 21 and 22: Seedborne fungi causing foliage dis
Page 23 and 24: →ab→ef→f→cd →→Fig. 6. H
Page 25 and 26: Fig. 9. Occurrence of brown spot (O
Page 27 and 28: →deaebdedde→cFig. 11. Habit cha
Page 29 and 30: ported in 1910 in Japan. The causal
Page 31 and 32: Microdochium oryzae (Hashioka & Yok
Page 33 and 34: abcdFig. 20. Habit character of Mic
Page 35 and 36: . Occurrence/distributionRice blast
Page 37 and 38: →abcdee→→e→→Fig. 25. Habi
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 28. Occurrence of bakanae (Ou
Page 41 and 42: ab→d→→→→f→→eg→→
Page 43 and 44: Detection frequency (%)120100East A
Page 45: orange. On the reverse side of the
Page 49 and 50: Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.syn. F
Page 51 and 52: verse side of the agar plate is zon
Page 53 and 54: ab→→f→→ce→d→Fig. 48. Ha
Page 55 and 56: Fig. 51. Occurrence of glume blight
Page 57 and 58: abece→dFig. 53. Habit character o
Page 59 and 60: ab→→→fefcdFig. 57. Habit char
Page 61 and 62: seedlings and reduction in tillers
Page 63 and 64: abcdFig. 62. Habit character of Til
Page 65 and 66: abeedefcfFig. 63. Habit character o
Page 67 and 68: ab→→ecdFig. 67. Habit character
Page 69 and 70: →→→→ab→d→→e→aFig. 7
Page 71 and 72: abcFig. 75. Habit character of Fusa
Page 73 and 74: a→→→→→→af→db→fce→
Page 75 and 76: →abf→→→f→e→→edc→dFi
Page 77 and 78: →→→→→→→→→→→
Page 79 and 80: abfecdFig. 88. Habit character of P
Page 81 and 82: →→→→→ab→decFig. 90. Hab
Page 83 and 84: →ag→→fg→→b→e→cdFig. 9
Page 85 and 86: →→→→abcdFig. 98. Habit char
Page 87 and 88: abecedFig. 102. Habit character of
Page 89 and 90: ReferencesAgarwal PC, Mathur SB. 19

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