ABB Review Special Report - ABB - ABB Group

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HVDC superhighwaysfor ChinaLeif Englund, Mats Lagerkvist, Rebati DassWhen completed in 2009, the Three Gorges hydroelectric powerplant being built on the middle reaches of the Yangtze river will bethe largest of its kind anywhere in the world. With 26 turbinegenerators,each rated at 700 MW, the total generating capacity willbe a staggering 18.2 gigawatts.No less challenging was the development of a technically andeconomically viable transmission system to carry this power toChina’s coastal regions, where it is urgently needed. After carrying outfeasibility studies, the State Power Grid of China decided to build ahybrid AC-DC transmission system with over 10,000 km of HVAC andHVDC lines and about 2475 MVA of transformation capacity. The HVDCsystems leaving the power plant site include bipolar transmissionsuperhighways with ratings totaling more than 10,000 MW.6Special ReportABB Review
Two of the world’s most powerfuland longest high-voltage direct current(HVDC) power transmission highways,each with a nominal rating of3000 MW, are currently being installedin China. Being built by ABB in cooperationwith the State Power Grid ofChina, they will eventually carry cleanhydroelectric power from the ThreeGorges power plant, situated on themiddle reaches of the Yangtze river, tomajor load centers near Shanghai andShenzheng on the Chinese coast.1Location of the Three Gorges power plant on the Yangtze riverThree Gorges DamBeijingHigh availability and a low forced outagerate were key goals from the start ofthe transmission projects. Advancedtechnologies, backed up by solid fieldexperience and featuring built-in operationalflexibility and low maintenance,are therefore being used in all thecrucial areas.To promote and ensure the success ofthe projects at all stages, close cooperationamong ABB, the client, the client’sdesign and inspection representatives,and local equipment manufacturers,was enshrined in the project contractsin the form of training and transfer oftechnology (see panel).Three Gorges power plantThe Three Gorges dam across the Yangtzeriver 1 is the largest of its kind inthe world. Approximately 1.5 kilometerslong and 185 meters (590 feet) high, itsreservoir, with a normal water level of175 meters (560 feet), will stretch over560 kilometers (350 miles) upstream.The hydroelectric plant, with 26 turbine-generators rated at 700 MW, will havea total capacity of 18.2 gigawatts (thenext-largest hydropower plant, Itaipu inBrazil, has a capacity of 12 GW). It isplanned to later install a further six unitsin an underground powerhouse, takingthe total capacity to 22.4 GW. This figurerepresents a more than six percent increasein China’s current total installedcapacity of 350 GW. The average yearlyproduction of the Three Gorges plantwill be 84.7 TWh [1,2].ChongqingYangtzeYellow RiverThree Gorges-Changzhou HVDCHong KongShanghaiWuhanThree Gorges-ShanghaiHVDC (planned)Three Gorges-Guangdong HVDCPower evacuation systemThe power generated by the ThreeGorges plant will be transmitted to gridsin central China, east China, Sichuanand Guangdong via the Three GorgesTransmission System. With over 10,000kilometers of HVAC and HVDC lines,this system will form the basis fora new national transmission grid, as thepresent seven regional power networksand five independent provincial networkswill be combined to create twoTransfer of technology (ToT) and local manufacturingThe contracts for both projects (3GC and 3GG) included extensive co-design, training andToT programs.The co-design program calls for the detailed design to be carried out jointly by design engineersand experts representing SPG and ABB.Training of SPG’s representatives covers maintenance and operation. Its goal is to ensureproper operation and maintenance of the projects by local personnel.The ToT programs include know-how transfer in HVDC system design, control design andapparatus manufacturing to different organizations, ABB as well as non-ABB, in China. Theseprograms will serve China’s long-term objective of increased self-reliance in the design andproduction of high-tech HVDC equipment.Special ReportABB Review7
Page 2 and 3: Contents61319252932374247HVDC super
Page 4 and 5: ForewordReliable grids, with power
Page 8 and 9: new regional networks. A national i
Page 10 and 11: Power ratingsThe links are designed
Page 12 and 13: Power take-offElectric power genera
Page 14 and 15: 1The Dafang 500-kV series capacitor
Page 16 and 17: 41.51.00.50-0.5-1.0-1.55002500-250-
Page 18 and 19: 8400 kVCircuit of dynamic load bala
Page 20 and 21: While construction of the new lineh
Page 22 and 23: V (pu)61.61.41.21.00.80.60.40.20V/I
Page 24 and 25: 8SVC performance. Results of a phas
Page 26 and 27: 1TEC receives the information it ne
Page 28 and 29: 5TEC electronics - tried and tested
Page 30 and 31: the past. An increasing number of c
Page 32 and 33: The big pictureDetecting power syst
Page 34 and 35: highly accurate system overview. Se
Page 36 and 37: 2Example of graphical user interfac
Page 38 and 39: 111010090807060petitive. This has r
Page 40 and 41: 4independent applications without r
Page 42 and 43: Cold storageThe battery energy stor
Page 44 and 45: 2Battery module, comprising 10 cell
Page 46 and 47: Reactive power [pu]Inductive Capaci
Page 48 and 49: CR13025201510501986 1988 1990 1992
Page 50 and 51: and the system as a whole will stil
Page 52 and 53: EnvironmentGrid securityEconomyOper
Page 54 and 55: On most offshore installations, the
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3HVDC Light extrudedsubmarine cable
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1KarlshamnBornholmBaltic SeaSwePol
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Metal objects on Swedish coast that
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The problem was solved in 1929 by a
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of application. As part of its acti
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Shoreham station, 330-MW HVDC Light
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Don’t let your city lose its shin
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