ug third year science courses - Acharya Nagarjuna University

MODIFIEDCURRICULUMB.Sc.From the batch of Students admittedin the Academic Year 2008-09ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYNAGARJUNA NAGAR – 522 5101

B.Sc. COURSE STRUCTURESecond Year w.e.f. the Academic Year 2010-11(From the batch of Students admitted in the year 2008-09)S.No. Subject Hrs perweekNo ofMarks1. Foundation Course(SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY ANDDEVELOPMENT)3 100S.No. Subject Hrs perweekNo ofMarks2. Core – 1 – III 3 1003. Core – 1 – IV 3 1004. Core – 2 – III 3 1005. Core – 2 – IV 3 1006. Core – 3 – III 3 1007. Core – 3 – IV 3 1008. Core –1- Lab III 3 509. Core –1- Lab IV 3 5010. Core – 2- Lab III 3 5011. Core – 2- Lab IV 3 5012. Core – 3- Lab III 3 5013. Core – 3- Lab IV 3 50Total :: 39 1000* For all B.A & B.Sc. programmes with no Computer Course as core subjectNOTE :1. All are credit Subjects for award of Pass / Class2. For those subjects modified curriculum is not given, the old syllabus holds good.3. Model question papers that are not available with this booklet will be sent to thecolleges in due course.2

For all B.A./B.Sc. & B.Com. Programs with nocomputer course as core subjectPart I PaperSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT(Foundation Course at the end of third Year Undergraduate Programme)With effect from 2010-2011Unit I : Science1. Earth System - Characteristic features – Lithosphere, Hydrosphere – Atmosphere.Lithosphere – Soil characteristics, texture, fertility and its controlHydrosphere – Hydrological cycle – water bodies – ponds, lakes, rivers and their characteristics -Water consumption at global level and regional level – Management of water bodies.Atmosphere – Troposphere, Stratosphere, Ionosphere – Composition of air – Ozone – Ozonelayer – its importance.2. Life Sciences – Concept of origin life – Evolution and diversity of life – Cell – Molecular basisof life and living forms – Mendelian concepts on inheritance – DNA as Genetic material – itsimpact on society – Blood – Blood groups – transfusion.3. Chemical Science – Drugs – Development drugs – Antibiotics – Penicillin, Tetracycline –Sulpha-drugs – anti-malarials, anti-pyretics, analgesics with one or two examples for each type –HIV AIDS – drugs available – Abacavir (Ziagen), Zidovudine (Retravir, AZT, ADV).Soaps and Detergents – Sources – mechanism of soap action – development of detergents –applications – disadvantages of detergents.Plastics and polymers – Polyethene, polyvinylchloride (PVC), nylon 66 – rubber and syntheticrubber.Agrochemicals and Feritilisers – Pesticides – Introduction – DDT, BHC, Malathion, Parathion– Fungicides – Rodenticides, Weedicides. Nitrogen and Phosphorus fertilizers – Microfertilisers,Bio-pesticides, neem and bacillus thuringensis, Biofertilisers – Applications and their affects onnature.Vitamins - Natural sources – importance – deficiencies.Unit II : Technology and Development1. Communication – Definition, nature and concept of communication – role of communication insociety.Types of Communication – Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, group and mass communication.Traditional and folk forms of communication in India. New Media technologies - Satellite,Cable and Internet.Process of Communication – Functions of communication, elements and barriers ofcommunication.Mass Media – Press, Radio, TV and Films. Functions of mass communication.Transport – Wheel, Steam Engine, Automobile, Ship, Airplane. Comparison of Road, Rail,Water and Air transports in terms of infrastructure, speed, cost etc.2. Energy - Sources – Renewable sources of energy – Non-renewable sources of energy -Conventional energy sources - non conventional energy – wind, water, tidal, solar, geothermal,atomic energy, bio-fuels - sources and their applications – Energy Management – EnergyConservation – Future needs of energy.3. Health - problems – Genetic Engineering and its applications – Genetic disorders and counseling– Sex Education – Venereal diseases, AIDS.3

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITY: NAGARJUNA NAGARIII B.A., B.Sc. & B.Com. Part I PaperSCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT(Foundation Course at the end of third Year Undergraduate Programme)With effect from 2010-2011MODEL QUESTION PAPERTime: 3 hours Max. Marks: 100SECTION AAnswer any four of the following questions 4 x 15 = 601. What is Earth? Explain different types of earth system in detail.2. Explain the evolution and diversity of life3. What are pesticides? Explain different types of pesticides. Write their uses anddisadvantages.4. What are drugs? Explain different types of drugs available in the market with theiradvantages and disadvantages.5. What are the important types of communication types available today? Explain.6. What is energy? Explain different forms of energy available in nature.7. What is biotechnology? Explain its applications in human health and agriculture.8. Name few National institutions in our country. Explain national institutions in research rolein the development of our country.SECTION BAnswer any Eight of the following questions 8 x 5 = 409. Write on green revolution.10. Explain Energy conservation.11. Write the functions of mass communication.12. Write on internet.13. Write about the importance of communication.14. Mushroom Culture.15. Wheel Explain.16. Write on food processing.17. Explain soil and its fertility.18. Write some applications of poly vinyl chloride (PVC).19. Write the importance of Vitamins in maintaining our health.20. Explain DNA and its role in life21. What are detergents?22. What is blood? Explain its groups.23. Explain the importance of Ozone layer24. Write about the drugs available for treating AIDS.5

THIRD YEAR BOTANY SYLLABUSPaper – III: Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity(Total Hours of Teaching: 90 @ 3 h / Week)Unit - I: Cell Biology (22 h)1. Plant cell envelops: (4 h)1.1 - Ultra structure of cell wall1.2 - Molecular organisation of cell membranes.2. Nucleus: (7 h)2.1 – Ultra Structure of Nucleus2.2 – Nucleic acids - Structure and replication of DNA, Types and functions of RNA.3. Chromosomes: (6 h)3.1 – Morphology of Chromosomes3.2 - Special Types of Chromosomes – Lamplercesh, polytene, B-Chromosomes3.3 - Euchromatin and Heterochromatin3.4 - Karyotype.4. Cell division: (6 h)4.1 - Cell cycle and regulation4.2 – Mitosis and Meiosis - their significance.Unit - II: Genetics (22 h)5. Mendelism: (6 h)5.1 – Mendelian laws of Inheritance.5.2 - Genetic interactions - Epistasis, complementary, supplementary, inhibitory genes.6. Linkage and crossing over: ( 5 h)6.1 - A brief account on linkage and crossing over.6.2 - Genetic maps – Construction of genetic maps - 2 point and 3 point test cross data.7. Mutations: (6 h)7.1 - Chromosomal aberrations - structural and numerical changes- Outliner7.2 - Gene mutations7.3 - Transposable elements.8. Gene Expression: (5 h)8.1 - Organisation of gene8.2 – Mechanism of gene expression - Protein synthesis8.3 – Regulation of gene expression - Lac operon, Trp operon ).6

Suggested Readings:Bharucha, E. 2005. Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses. UniversitiesPress (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad.Fukui, K. and S. Nakayama. 1996. Plant Chromosomes: Laboratory Methods. CRC Press, BocaRaton, Florida.Harris, N. and K. J. Oparka. 1994. Plant Cell Biology: A Practical Approach. IRL Press atUniversity Press, Oxford. UK.Khitoliya, R. K. 2007. Environmental Pollution – Management and Control for SustainableDevelopment. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Kormondye, E. 1989. Concepts of Ecology (3 rd Ed.). Printice Hall of India, New DelhiKothari, A. 1997. Understanding Biodiversity: Life, Sustainability and Equity: Tracts for theTimes. 11. Orient Longman Ltd., New Delhi.Michael, S. 1996. Ecology. Oxford University Press, London.Mishra. D. D. 2008. Fundamental Concepts in Environmental Studies. S. Chand & Company Ltd.,New Delhi.Odum, E. P. 1983. Basics of Ecology. Saunder’s International Students Edition, Philadelphia.Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Diversity of Microbes, Croptogams, Cell Biologyand Genetics. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Sharma, P. D. 1989. Elements of Ecology. Rastogi Publications, Meerut.Sharma, A. K. and A. Sharma. 1999. Plant Chromosomes: Analysis, Manipulation and Engineering.Harwood Academic Publishers, Australia.Shukla, R. S. and P. S. Chandel. 2007. Cytogenetics, Evolution, Biostatistics and Plant Breeding. S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Singh, H. R. 2005. Environmental Biology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Snustad, D. P. and M. J. Simmons. 2000. Principles of Genetics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., U S AStrickberger, M. W. 1990. Genetics (3 rd Ed.). Macmillan Publishing Company.Verma, P. S. and V. K. Agrawal. 2004. Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution andEcology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Verma, P. S. and V. K. Agrawal. 2006. Genetics. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi* * * *8

Practical - III: Cell Biology, Genetics, Ecology and Biodiversity(Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 90 @ 3 h / Week in 3 Sessions)Suggested Laboratory Exercises:1. Demonstration of cytochemical methods: Fixation of plant material and nuclear stainingfor mitotic and meiotic studies.2. Cytological preparation (Squash) of Onion root tips to study mitosis.3. Study of meiotic stages - using cytological preparation of Onion flower buds/Photographs/permanent slides).4. Karyotype study with the help of photographs/permanent slides5. Study of polytene chromosomes of salivary glands from Chironomus/Photo graphs/preparedslides6. Solving genetic problems – on - Monohybrid, Dihybrid ratios, Interaction of genes7. Construction of linkage maps - two point test cross.8. Knowledge of ecological instruments - working principles and applications of Hygrometer, raingauze, anemometer, altimeter, light meter, wet and dry bulb thermometer (with the help ofEquipment / diagrams/ photographs).9. Estimation of total dissolved salts in different water samples with the help of TDS meter.10. Determination of soil texture (composition of - clay, sand silt etc.) and p H11. Study of Morphological and anatomical characteristics of plant communities using locallyavailable plant species:Hydrophytes – Pistia, Eichhornia, Hidrilla, Vallisneria, HeterophyllaXerophytes – Opuntia, Asperagus, Euphorbia antiquorum, Parkinsoxia.Halophytes - Rhizophora, Avecenia12. Detailed study on flora of a local fresh water or aquaculture pond – one day 6 h.13. Geographical spotting of certain endemic and endangered plant species of AP.14. Field visits to local areas of ecological / conservation of biodiversity importance (Sacred grove /Reserved forest / Botanical garden / Zoo Park / Lake etc.).(At least two days trips9

Paper - IV: Physiology, Tissue Culture, Biotechnology,Seed Technology and Horticulture(Total Hours of Teaching: 90 @ 3 h / Week)Unit - I: Physiology (Part A) (24 h)1. Water Relations: 6 h1.1 - Importance of water to plant life1.2 - Physical properties of water, diffusion, Imbibition, osmosis - osmotic and pressurepotentials of water.1.3 – Absorption of water1.4 – Ascent sap - Transport of water1.5 – Transpiration - Stomatal structure and movements.2. Mineral Nutrition: 4 h2.1 – Essentiality of elements2.2 - Macro and micro nutrients - their role, deficiency symptoms2.3 - Absorption of mineral ions - Passive and active processes.3. Enzymes: 4 h3.1 - Nomenclature, characteristics3.2 - Mechanism and regulation of enzyme action3.3 - Enzyme kinetics (out lines)3.4 - Factors regulating enzyme action.4. Photosynthesis: 8 h4.1 - Photosynthetic pigments4.2 - Absorption and action spectra4.3 - Red drop and Emerson enhancement effect4.4- Concept of photosystems4.5- Mechanism of photosynthesis -4.5.1 - Electron transport, evolution of oxygen, photophosphorylation4.5.2 - Carbon assimilation pathways - C 3 , C 4 and CAM.4.6 - Photorespiration.5. Translocation of organic substances: 2 h5.1 - Mechanism of phloem transport - source-sink relationships.Unit - II: Physiology (Part B) (24 h)6. Respiration: 6 h6.1 - Aerobic and Anaerobic6.2 – Glycolysis6.3 – Kreb’s cycle6.4 - Electron transport system - mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation6.5 - Pentose - phosphate pathway.10

7. Nitrogen Metabolism: 6 h7.1 - Biological nitrogen fixation7.2 - Nitrate reduction7.3 - Ammonia assimilation7.4 - Aamino acid synthesis8. Lipid Metabolism: 3 h8.1 - Structure and functions of lipids8.2 - Conversion of lipids to carbohydrates - β-oxidation.9. Growth: 2 h9.1 – Definition9.2 – Phases of growth9.3 – Kinetics of growth10. Phytohormones: 3 h10.1 - Physiological effects of phytohormones- auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ABA, ethylene,brassinosteroids11. Physiology of Flowering: 2 h11.1 - Physiology of flowering – photoperiodism11.2 - Role of phytochrome in flowering.12. Stress Physiology: 2 h12.1 - Concept12.2 - Plant responses to water, salt and temperature stresses.Unit - III: Tissue Culture and Biotechnology (22 h)13. Tissue culture: 4 h13.1 – Introduction13.2 - Sterilization procedures13.3 - Culture media – composition, preparation13.4 - Explants.14. Cell and Protoplast culture: 4 h14.1 - Cell and protoplast culture14.2 - Somatic hybrids and cybrids.15. Applications of Tissue culture: 4 h15.1- Production of pathogen free plants, somaclonal variants, stress resistant variants15.2 - Secondary metabolites, synthetic seeds.11

16. Biotechnology:. (3h)16.1 - Introduction, Applications17. rDNA technology: (7h)17.1 – Steps17.2 - Vectors17.3 - Gene cloning17.4 - Transgenic plantsUnit - IV: Seed Technology and Horticulture (20 h)18. Seed: 4 h18.1 - Concept, Structure, types.18.2 - Seed dormancy – causes, methods of breaking of seed dormancy19. Seed storage: 4 h19.1 - Seed banks19.2 - Factors affecting seed viability19.3 - Genetic erosion.19.4 - Seed production technology19.5 - Seed testing and certification20. Horticulture Techniques: 4 h20.1 – Introduction20.2 - General aspects (outlines) of Cultivation of ornamental and vegetablecrops, Bonsai and landscaping21. Floriculture: 4 h21.1 - Introduction.21.2 - Importance of green house, polyhouse, mist chamber, shade nets,Micro irrigation systems.21.3 - Floriculture potential and its trade in India22. Vegetative Propagation of plants: 4 h22.1 - Stem, root and leaf cuttings.22.2 - Layering and bud grafting.22.3 - Role of plant growth regulators in horticulture.Suggested Readings:Adams, C. R., K. M. Banford and M. P. Early. 1993. Principles of Horticulture. ButterworthHeineman Ltd., London.12

Agrawal, P. K. 1993. Hand Book of Seed Technology. Dept. of Agriculture and Cooperation.National Seed Corporation Ltd., New DelhiBalasubramanian, D., C. F. A. Bryce, K. Dharmalingam, J. Green and K. Jayaraman. 2004.Biotechnology. Universities Press (India) Private Limited, Hyderabad.Bedell, Y. E. Seed Science and Technology. Indian Forest Species. Allied Publishers Limited.New Delhi.Channarayappa. 2007. Molecular Biotechnology – Principles and Practices. Universities Press(India) Private Limited, Hyderabad.Chawala, H. S. 2002. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company,New Delhi.Dubey, R. C. 2001. A Textbook of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New DelhiEdmond, J. B., T. L. Senn, F. S. Adrews and R. J. Halfacre. 1977. Fundamentals of Horticulture(4 th Ed.). Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.Gorer, R. 1978. The Growth of Gardens. Faber and Faber Ltd., London.Hartman, H. T. and D. E. Kestler. 1976. Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice & Hallof India, New Delhi.Hopkins, W. G. 1995. Introduction to Plant Physiology. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USAJain, J.L., S. Jain and Nitin Jain. 2008. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. S. Chand & Company Ltd.,New Delhi.Jha, T.B. and B. Ghosh. 2005. Plant Tissue Culture – Basic and Applied. Universities Press (India)Private Limited, Hyderabad.Janick Jules. 1979. Horticultural Science. (3 rd Ed.). W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, USA.Lewin, B. 1994. Genes V. Oxford University Press., Oxford.Lewin, B. 2002. Genes VII. Oxford University Press., Oxford.Pandey, B. P. 2007. Botany for Degree Students: Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Biotechnology,Ecology and Utilization of Plants. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Ramawat, K. G. 2008. Plant Biotechnology. S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.Rao, K. M. 1991. A Text Book of Horticulture. McMillan India Ltd, New Delhi.Salisbury, F. B. and C. W. Ross. 1992. Plant Physiology. 4 th edn. (India Edition), Wordsworth,Thomson Learning Inc., USA.Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 1998. Plant Physiology (2 nd Ed.). Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers,Massachusetts, USA.Tiwari, G. N. and R. K. Goal. Green House Technology – Fundamentals, Design, Modelling andApplication. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.Tunwar, N. S. and S. V. Singh. 1988. Indian Minimum Seed Certification Standards. The CentralSeed Certification Board, Govt. of India, New Delhi.13

Practical - IV: Physiology, Tissue Culture, Biotechnology,Seed Technology and Horticulture(Total Hours of Laboratory Exercises: 90 @ 3 h / Week in 30 Sessions)Suggested Laboratory Exercises:Plant Physiology – Major experiments (21 h)1. Determination of osmotic potential of vacuolar sap by plasmolytic method using leaves ofRhoeo / Tradescantia. (3 h)2. Determination of rate of transpiration using cobalt chloride method. (3 h)3. Determination of rate of transpiration using Ganong’s photometer (3 h)4. Determination of catalase activity using potato tubers by titration method. (3 h)5. Separation of chloroplast pigments using paper chromatography technique. (3 h)6. Estimation of protein by biuret method. (3 h)7. Titratable acidity estimation in lemon or tamarind leavees (3 h)Plant Physiology – Minor experiments (12 h)8. Demonstration of transport of water through xylem (3 h)9. Determination of stomatal frequency using leaf epidermal peelings. (3 h)10. Demonstration of Imbibition (3 h)11. Study of mineral deficiency symptoms using plant material/photographs. (3 h)Tissue Culture and Biotechnology12. Knowledge of instruments and facilities used in plant tissue culture Using equipment /photographs) (6 h)(Laminar air flow, Incubator, Autoclave/ pressure cooker, shaker)13. Study of protocols and photographs/charts related to plant bio-technology:Isolation of nuclear/ plasmid DNA, Estimation DNASeparation of DNA by gel electrophoresis, r – DNA technology (6 h)14. Study of biotechnology products:- Samples of antibiotics, vaccines, biofertilizers, SCP, cosmetics- Photographs of transgenic plants, multiple shoots and Artificial / synthetic seeds (6 h)Seed Technology and Horticulture15. Testing of seed viability using 2, 3, 5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). (3 h)16. Study of non-dormant seed germination: Breaking of seed dormancy caused by hard seedcoat using scarification technique (3 h)14

17. Demonstration of seed dressing using fungicide to control diseases. (3 h)18. Demonstration of seed dressing using biofertilizer (Rhizobium) to enrich nutrient supply. (3 h)19. Study on tools/equipment used in horticulture - Rake, hoe, spade, trowel, digger, pick-axe,shade net, glass house and mist chamber (9 h)20. Demonstration of vegetative plant propagation - Rooting of cuttings – Leaf and Stem; layering;stem, bud and wedge grafting (6 h)21. Study visits to places of horticultural and biotechnological interest - Commercial nurseries/Botanical gardens; Biotechnology R & D laboratories/Industries. Two days (6 h)* * * * *15

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THIRD YEAR BIO-CHEMISTRY SYLLABUSTheory – Paper-III: Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry and ImmunologyUnit- I : Physiology24 hoursDigestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Composition of blood and coagulationof blood. Hemoglobin and transport of gases in blood (oxygen and CO 2 ).Heart- structure of the heart, cardiac cycle, cardiac factors controlling blood pressure.Muscle- kinds of muscles, structure of myofibril, organization of contractile proteins and mechanism ofmuscle contraction.Nervous system- structure of neuron, resting potential, action potential, propagation of nerve impulse,synapse, synaptic transmission, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.Physiology of vision- visual pigments and visual cycle.Endocrinology- organization of endocrine system. Classification of hormones. Outlines of chemistry,physiological role and disorders of hormones of pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, gonads, placenta,adrenals, pituitary and hypothalamus. Introduction of gastrointestinal hormones. Mechanism ofhormonal action- signal transduction pathways for adrenaline, glucocorticoids and insulin.Unit- II : Nutrition21 hoursBalanced diet. Calorific values of foods and their determination by bomb calorimeter. BMR and factorsaffecting it. Specific dynamic action of foods. Energy requirements and recommended dietaryallowance (RDA) for children, adults, pregnant and lactating women. Sources of complete andincomplete proteins. Biological value of proteins. Role of essential fatty acids in human nutrition.Malnutrition- Kwashiorkar, Marasmus and PEM.Vitamins- sources, structure, biochemical roles, deficiency disorders of water and fat soluble vitamins.Introduction to neutraceutical and functional foods. Bulk and trace elements-Ca, Mg, Fe, I, Cu, Mo, Zn,Se and F. Obesity and starvation.Unit- III : Clinical Biochemistry23 hoursPlasma proteins in health and disease. Disorders of blood coagulation (haemophilia). Types ofanemias, haemoglobinopathies-sickle cell anemia and thalassemias.Structure and functions of the liver. Liver diseases-jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis. Liver function testsconjugatedand total bilurubin in serum, albumin: globulin ratio, hippuric acid and bromsulphthaleintests. Serum enzymes in liver diseases- SGPT, GGT and alkaline phosphatase.24

Kidneys-structure of nephron, urine formation, normal and abnormal constituents of urine. Biologicalbuffers. Role of kidneys in maintaining acid-base and electrolyte balance in the body. Renal functiontests- creatinine and urea clearance tests, phenol red test.Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism- hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, renal threshold value.Diabetes mellitus-classification, glucose tolerance test (GTT), diabetic ketoacidosis.Disorders of lipid metabolism- plasma lipoproteins, lipoproteinemias, fatty liver, hyper cholesterolemia,atherosclerosis.Biochemical tests for the diagnosis of heart diseases- HDL/LDL cholesterol, SGOT, LDH, CK, C-reactive protein, cardiac troponins.Unit- IV : Immunology22 hoursOrganization of immune system. Organs and cells of immune system. Innate and acquired immunity.Cell mediated and humoral immunity (T- and B- cells). Classification of immunoglobulins, structure ofIgG. Epitopes / antigenic determinants. Concept of haptens. Adjuvants. Theories of antibody formationclonalselection theory. Monoclonal antibodies.Antigen-antibody reactions- agglutination, immunoprecipitation, immunodiffusion. Blood groupantigens. Immunodiagnostics-RIA, ELISA. Vaccines and their classification. Traditional vaccines-liveand attenuated, toxoids. Modern vaccines- recombinant and peptide vaccines. Outlines ofhypersensitivity reactions. Fundamentals of graft rejection and MHC proteins.25

3 rd Year – Practical -III: Nutritional and Clinical BiochemistryList of Experiments:1. Estimation of calcium by titrimetry2. Estimation of iron in apple juice by phenanthroline method.3. Estimation of sodium by flame photometry.4. Estimation of vitamin C by 2, 6 -dichlorophenol indophenol method.5. Isolation of total lipids by gravimetric method.6. Determination of iodine value of an oil.7. Determination of acid value of an oil.8. Estimation of hemoglobin in blood.9. Total count - RBC and WBC. Differential count.10. Determination of blood group and Rh typing.11. Visualization of antigen antibody reactions (Ouchterlony technique).12. Urine analysis for albumin, sugars and ketone bodies.13. Estimation of urinary creatinine.14. Estimation of blood urea.15. Estimation of serum total cholesterol.16. . Determination of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.17. Determination of SGOT and SGPT activity26

3 rd Year Theory – Paper-IV: Microbiology and Molecular BiologyUnit- I : Microbiology24 hoursIntroduction to brief history of microbiology. Classification of microorganisms- prokaryotic andeukaryotic microorganisms. Isolation and cultivation of bacteria. Selective media and enriched media.Bacterial growth curve and kinetics of growth. Batch, continuous and synchronous cultures. Gram’sstaining- Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, motility and sporulation.Industrial uses of Aspergillus niger, yeast and Spirulina.Structure and composition of viruses. One-step growth and determination of plaque forming units(PFU). Isolation and cultivation of bacterial plaques. Lytic and lysogenic life cycle of λ phage. TMV,Retro viruses- HIV. Prions and Mycoplasma.Unit- II : DNA Replication and Transcription21 hoursOrganization of genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Experimental evidences to prove nucleic acidsas genetic material. Nature and structure of the gene. DNA replication- models of replication, Meselson-Stahl’s experimental proof for semi-conservative model. DNA polymerases I, II and III of E.coli,helicase, topoisomerases, primase, ligase. Bidirectional replication model. Okazaki fragments, leadingand lagging strands of DNA synthesis. Inhibitors of DNA replication.Transcription - RNA synthesis, RNA polymerases of prokaryotes. Promoters, Initiation- sigma factorsand their recognition sites. Elongation- role of core enzyme. Termination- rho dependent and rhoindependent. RNA polymerase I, II and III of eukaryotes.Transcriptional events in eukaryotic m-RNA synthesis, post-transcriptional modifications of eukaryoticm-RNA. Inhibitors of RNA synthesis.Unit- III : Protein Synthesis and Regulation of Gene Expression21 hoursIntroduction to protein synthesis- Genetic code, structure of t-RNA, deciphering of genetic code,Nirenberg’s and Khorana’s experiments, wobble hypothesis, degeneracy of genetic code.Protein synthesis- activation of amino acids (aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases). Ribosome structure.Initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis. Post- translational modifications- signalhypothesis. Inhibitors of protein synthesis.Regulation of prokaryotic gene expression- induction and repression. Lac operon, catabolite repression.Tryptophan operon and attenuation.Unit- IV : Recombinant DNA technology24 hoursOutlines of cloning strategies. DNA sequencing- Maxam Gilbert and Sanger’s methods. Tools of r-DNAtechnology: Enzymes- Restriction endonucleases, ligase, phosphatases, reverse transcriptase,polynucleotide kinases, terminal transferase nucleases-S 1 and RNAase H. Restriction mapping.Cloning vectors- Plasmids, Ti plasmids, Cosmids, λ phages, shuttle vectors, expression vectors. Host-E.coli, Sacchromyces cereviciae, Agrobacterium tumifaciens.Construction of c-DNA and genomic libraries. Isolation and sequencing of cloned genes- colonyhybridization, nucleic acid hybridization, hybrid released translation (HRT) and hybrid arrested and27

eleased translation (HART) using reporter genes [β- galactosidases, green fluorescent proteins(GFP)].Polymerase chain reaction- principle and applications. Outlines of blotting techniques-Southern,Northern and Western.Applications of gene cloning- production of insulin and human growth hormone, production of Bt cottonand edible vaccines.Introduction to Bioinformatics- definitions of proteomics andSwissprot, PDB. Sequence alignments- BLAST and FASTA.genomics. Gene bank, NCBI, DDBJ,28

3 rd Year Practical – Paper-IV: Microbiology and Molecular BiologyList of Experiments:1. Preparation of culture media and sterilization methods.2. Isolation of pure cultures: (i) Streak plate method.(ii) Serial dilution method.3. Gram staining.4. Motility of bacteria by hanging drop method.5. Bacterial growth curve.6. Antibiotic sensitivity by paper disc method.7. Isolation of DNA from onion/liver/coconut endosperm.8. Isolation of plasmids.9. Determination of purity of nucleic acids by UV-spectrophotometric method.10. Estimation of DNA by diphenylamine method.11. Estimation of RNA by orcinol method.12. Electrophoresis of nucleic acids and visualization by methylene blue staining.13. Restriction mapping: λ- DNA with any two restriction enzymes.14. Sequence alignments of insulin/BSA with other proteins using BLAST and FASTA.29

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS,MARCH/APRIL 2011MODEL QUESTION PAPER (THEORY)BIOCHEMISTRY(THIRD YEAR)PAPER-III: Physiology, Clinical Biochemistry and ImmunologyTime: 3hrs Max. Marks: 100Part-A(Two questions are to be set from each unit)Answer all the questionsEach question carries 5 marks 8X5 = 40Write short notes on1. Neurotransmitters.2. Parathyroid hormone.3. Kwashiorkar and Marasmus.4. Vitamin-E5. Thalassemias.6. Glucose tolerance test.7. Monoclonal antibodies.8. ELISA.Part-B(Two questions are to be set from each unit)Answer any four questionsEach question carries 15 marks 4X15 = 609. a.)Describe the structure of myfibril and discuss the mechanism of musclecontraction?orb.)Explain the mechanism of hormonal action and add a note on anterior pituitaryHormones?10. a.)Define BMR? Discuss the factors affecting the BMR?orb.) Describe the structure, biochemical role and deficiency disorders of vitamin-A?11. a.)Discuss the biochemical parameters for the differential diaganosis of jaundice?orb.) i) Discuss different renal function tests to evaluate function of kidneys? 8Mii) Discuss the serum enzyme marker to evaluate heart diseases? 7M12. a.)Explain the structure of IgG and add a note on clonal selection theory?orb) Write a short notes oni.)Immunoprecipitation.-5Mii)Graft rejection.-5Miii)Recombinant vaccines.-5M30

B.Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS,MARCH/APRIL 2011MODEL QUESTION PAPER (THEORY)BIOCHEMISTRY(THIRD YEAR)PAPER-IV: Microbiology and Molecular Biology.Time: 3hrs Max. Marks: 100Part-A(Two questions are to be set from each unit)Answer all the questionsEach question carries 5 marks 8X5 = 40Write short notes on1. Gram’s staining2. Prions.3. Okazaki fragments.4. RNA-Splicing.5. Wobble Hypothesis.6. Attenuation.7. Restiction Endonucleases.8. Southern Blotting.Part-B(Two questions are to be set from each unit)Answer any four questionsEach question carries 15 marks 4X15 = 609.a.) i.)Discuss different growth media for Bacterial culture?-8Mii.) Explain the Bacterial growth curve and kinetics? – 7Morb.) i.)Discuss the Lysogenic life cycle in λ phage – 8Mii.)Write a brief note on retrovirus-HIV – 7M10.a.) Describe the two classical experiments which demonstrate the semiconservativemode of DNA replication?orb) Discuss the transcriptional events in prokaryotes m-RNA synthesis?11. a.)i.)Explain the Khorana’s experiment in deciphering the genetic code?-8Mii.) Discuss the post translation modifications? – 7Morb.)Explain regulation of prokaryotes gene expression with Lac operon as example?12.a.) Discuss how the DNA sequencing can be done by using the enzymatic method?orb.) Write a brief note oni.) c-DNA libraries. – 5Mii.)BLAST and FASTA. – 5Miii.) HRT and HART. – 5M31

THIRD YEAR BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUSPaper III – Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and ImmunologyUnit I Gene and Genome organization 24 Hours1.1 Organization of nuclear genome – Genes and gene numbers – essential and nonessential genes1.2 Denaturation and renaturation of DNA - Tm values and Cot curves1.3 Kinetic classes of DNA - Single copy sequences, and repeated sequences. Inverted,tandem and palindromic repeats1.4 Satellite DNA1.5 Mitochondrial genome organization (eg: Human)1.6 Chloroplast genome organization in plants1.7 Organization of eukaryotic genes - Exons, introns, promoters and terminators1.8 Gene families and clusters – eg. Globin gene, histones and ribosomal genes.Unit-II Gene expression and Gene Regulation 22 Hours2.1. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic TranscriptionPost-transcriptional modifications (Capping, polyadenylation, splicing and alternatesplicing)2.2 TranslationGenetic code and its features, Wobble HypothesisSynthesis of polypeptides - initiation, elongation and termination in prokaryotesand eukaryotes2.3 Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotesOperon concept in bacteria – Lac operonUnit III Recombinant DNA Technology 22 Hours3.1. Enzymes used in gene cloning : Restriction endonucleases, Ligases, Phosphatases,Methylases, Kinases3.2. Cloning vehicles – Plasmids, Cosmids, Phage vectors, Shuttle vectors,3.3. Baculovirus vector system, Expression vectors - expression cassettes3.4. Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries3.5. Identification of cloned genes3.6. Principles involved in Blotting Techniques – Souther, Northern and Western3.7. Principles and Applications of PCR Technology3.8. DNA Finger printing technique and its applicationsUnit IV Basics of Immunology 22 Hours2.1 Introduction to immune system – Organs and cells of the immune system2.2 Antigens, Haptens – physico-chemical characteristics32

2.3 Structure of different immunoglobulins and their functions – Primary and secondaryantibody responses2.4 Antigen - Antibody Reaction2.5 The Major Histocompatibility gene complex and its role in organ transplantation,Generation of antibody diversity2.6 Hypersensitivity – Coombs classification, Types of hypersensitivity2.7 Autoimmune diseases – mechanisms of auto immunityPracticals1. Isolation of DNA from plant/animal/bacterial cells2. Analysis of DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis3. Restriction digestion of DNA4. Immuno-diffusion test5. ELISA Test6. Microagglutination using microtiter plates (eg. ABO and Rh Blood grouping)7. Viability tests of cells/bacteria (Evans blue test or Trypan blue test)8. Coomb’s test9. Preparation of competent cells of Bacteria10. Bacterial transformation and selection of transformants under pressure (antibiotic).Recommended Books1. Concepts in Biotechnology - By D. Balasubramanian, C.F.A. Bryce, K.Dharmalingam, J. Green and Kunthala Jayaraman2. Essential Immunology - By I. Roitt, Publ: Blackwell3. Molecular Biology of the Gene - By Watson, Hopkins, Goberts, Steitz and Weiner(Pearson Education)4. Cell and Molecular Biology - By Robertis & Robertis, Publ: Waverly5. Text Book of Biotechnology - By H.K. Das (Wiley Publications)6. Gene Structure & Expression - By J.D. Howkins, Publ: Cambridge7. Genetic Engineering - By R. Williamson, Publ: Academic Press8. Test Book of Molecular Biology - By K.S. Sastry, G. Padmanabhan & C.Subramanyan, Publ: Macmillan India9. Microbial Genetics - By S.R. Maloy, J.E. Cronan & D. Freifelder, Publ: Jones & Barlett10. Principles of Gene Manipulation - By R.W. Old & S.B. Primrose, Publ: Blackwell11. Genes - By B. Lewin - Oxford Univ. Press12. Molecular Biology & Biotechnol. - By H.D. Kumar, Publ: Vikas13. Immunology - By G. Reever & I. Todd, Publ: Blackwell14. From Genes to Clones - By E.L. Winnacker, Publ: Panima, New Delhi15. Methods for General & Molecular Bacteriology - By P. Gerhardf et al., Publ: ASM16. Molecular Biotechnology - By G.R. Click and J.J. Pasternak, Publ: Panima17. Recombinant DNA - By J.D. Watson et al., Publ: Scikentific American Books18. Immuno diagnostics - By S.C. Rastogi, Publ: New Age19. Molecular Biology - By D. Freifelder, Publ: Narosa20. Genes and Genomes – By Maxine Singer and Paul Berg21. Cell and Molecular Biology - By S.C. Rastogi22. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology - By V. Kumar Gera23. Essentials of Biotechnology – By P.K. Gupta33

24. Introduction to Applied Biology and Biotechnology – By K. Vaidyanath, K. Pratap Reddyand K. Satya Prasad25. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology – By M. Gopal Reddy, M.N. Reddy, D.V.R. SaiGopal and K.V. Mallaiah26. Immunology - By Kubey27. Gene Biotechnology - By Jogdand28. Genome - T.A. Brown29. Gene Cloning - T.A. Brown30. Biotechnology, IPRs and Biodiversity - By M.B. Rao and Manjula Guru(Pearson Education)31. Introduction to Biotechnology - By W.J. Thieman and M.A. Palladino(Pearson Education)30. Genetic Engineering - By Boylan (Pearson Education)31. Basic Concepts of Biotechnology - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum(Ukaaz Publications)32. Advances in Biotechnology - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum(Ukaaz Publications)34. Genetic Engineering - By Sandhya Mitra.34

Paper IV – Applications of BiotechnologyUnit I Animal Biotechnology 24 Hours1.1 Introduction to animal biotechnology1.2 Principles of animal cell culture – culture environment and vessels1.3 Cell culture media preparation, sterilization, types of cultures1.4 Establishment and preservation of cell lines1.5 Explants and cell disaggregation1.6 Culture of cells and tissues (including Stem cells and their application)1.7 In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer technology1.8 Methods of gene transfer – Microinjection and viral mediated gene transfer techniquesProduction of transgenic animals and molecular pharming1.9 Principles of Ex vivo and In vivo gene therapyUnit II Plant Biotechnology 20 Hours2.1. Composition of media (Murashige and Skoog’s and Gamborg’s only)Preparation of media and methods of sterilizations2.2. Role of plant growth regulators in differentiation2.3. Induction of callus2.4. Meristem culture and production of virus free plantsClonal propagation of plants on a commercial scale (Somatic embryogenesis andorganogenesis)2.5. Mass cultivation of cell cultures and process engineering – batch and continuouscultures, Bioreactors2.6. Production of commercially useful compounds by plant cell culture2.7. Methods of gene transfer techniques (Agrobacterium, Microprojectile bombardment)2.8. Applications of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture2.9. Production of therapeutic proteins from transgenic plantsUnit III Industrial Biotechnology 23 Hours3.1 Introduction to industrial biotechnology.3.2 Primary and secondary metabolic products of microorganisms3.3 Screening and isolation and preservation of industrial microorganisms3.4 Principles of Fermentation technology3.5 Commercial production of fuels and chemicals by microbial fermentations3.6 Fermentative production of microbial enzymes (amylases, proteases), and antibiotics3.7 Fermentative production of foods and dairy products3.8 Animal cells as bioreactors; characteristics of bioreactors, expression and overproduction of targeted proteins – human growth hormones – production of and -interferons, monoclonal antibodies3.9 Good manufacturing practices, Biosafety issues, Bioethics3.10 Intellectual Property Rights and Patenting issues35

Unit IV Environmental Biotechnology 23 Hours4.1 Introduction to environmental biotechnology4.2 Renewable and non-renewable energy resources4.3 Conventional energy sources and their impact on environment4.4 Non-conventional fuels and their impact on environment (biogas, bioethanol, microbialhydrogen production)4.5 Microbiological quality of milk, food and water4.6 Microbiological treatment of municipal and industrial effluents4.7 Microbial degradation of pesticides and toxic chemicals4.8 Biopesticides and Biofertilizers (Nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms)4.9 Microbial ore leaching4.10 Introduction to BioremediationPracticals1. Preparation of media, and initiation of callus from any one selected plant species2. Micropropagation of plants (any one)3. Preparation of synthetic seeds4. Production of wine using common yeast5. Production of hydrogen or biogas using cow/cattle dung6. Isolation of microbes from soil or industrial effluents7. Preparation of media and culture of animal cells/tissues8. Cell disaggregation and cell counting9. Cytotoxicity of the cells using the dye MTT method10. Estimation of BOD in water samples11. Production of alcohol by fermentation and Estimation of alcohol by colorimetry12. Production of biofertilizers (Azolla)13. Growth curves of bacteria, Measurement of growth in liquid cultures14. Quality testing of milk by MBRTRecommended Books1. Strategies in Transgenic Animal Sciences - By Glemn M.M. and James M. Robl ASMPress 2000.2. Practical Biotechnology – Methods and Protocols - By S. Janarthanan and S. Vincent(Universities Press)3. Animal Cells as Bioreactors - By Terence Gartoright, Cambridge Univ Press4. Molecular Biotechnology - By Chinnarayappa (Universities Press)5. Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue Culture - By Sudha Gangal (Universities Press)6. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics - By F.W. Nicholas, Oxford University Press.7. Text Book of Biotechnology - By H.K. Das (Wiley Publications)8. Biotechnology -By H.J. Rehm and G. Reed Vol-1-86 VIH Publications, Germany36

9. Guide for the care and use of lab animals National Academy Press.10. Biogas Technology - By b.T. Nijaguna11. Biotechnology – I - By R.S. Setty and G.R. Veena12. Biotechnology – II - By R.S. Setty and V. Sreekrishna13. Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture - By M.K. Razdan (Oxford and IBH PublishingCompany, New Delhi)14. Introduction to Plant Biotechnology - By H.S. Chawla (Oxford and IBH PublishingComp., New Delhi)15. Biotechnology - By K. Trehan16. Industrial Microbiology - By L.E. Casida17. Food Microbiology - By M.R. Adams and M.O. Moss18. Introduction to Biotechnology - By P.K. Gupta19. Frontiers of Plant Tissue Culture - By T.A. Thorpe20. Plant Tissue Culture – Theory and Practice - By S.S. Bhojwani and M.K. Razdan21. Biotechnology – By U. Satyanarayana22. Plant Biotechnology New Products and Applications - By J. Hammond, P. McGarvey,and V. Yusibov23. Plant Tissue Culture – Basic and Applied - By Timir Baran Jha and B. Ghosh24. Essentials of Biotechnology for Students - By Satya N. Das21. Plant Tissue Culture - By Kalyan Kumar De22. Bioethics – Readings and Cases - By B.A. Brody and H. T. Engelhardt. Jr.(Pearson Education)23. Biotechnology, IPRs and Biodiversity - By M.B. Rao and Manjula Guru(Pearson Education)24. Bioprocess Engineering - By Shuler (Pearson Education)25. Essentials of Biotechnology - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum(Ukaaz Publications)26. Gene, Genomics and Genetic Engineering - By Irfan Ali Khan and Atiya Khanum(Ukaaz Publications).37

THIRD YEAR CHEMISTRY SYLLABUSB.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY Paper – III( Inorganic, Organic & Physical Chemistry)90 hrs (3h / w)Unit – I (Inorganic Chemistry-III)30 hrs (1 h/w)1. Coordination Chemistry: IUPAC nomenclature, bonding theories – review of Werner’stheory and Sidgwick’s concept of coordination, Valence bond theory, geometries of coordinationnumbers 4-tetrahedral and square planar and 6-octahedral and its limitations, crystal filed theory,splitting of d-orbitals in octahedral, tetrahedral and square-planar complexes – low spin and highspin complexes – factors affecting crystal field splitting energy, merits and demerits of crystalfieldtheory. Isomerism in coordination compounds – structural isomerism and stereo isomerism,stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6 coordination numbers.12 h2. Spectral and magnetic properties of metal complexes: Electronic absorption spectrum of[Ti(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ ion. Types of magnetic behavior, spin-only formula, calculation of magneticmoments, experimental determination of magnetic susceptibility–Gouy method. 6 h3. Stability of metal complexes: Thermodynamic stability and kinetic stability, factorsaffecting the stability of metal complexes, chelate effect, determination of composition ofcomplex by Job’s method and mole ratio method.6 h4. Hard and soft acids bases (HSAB): Classification, Pearson’s concept of hardness andsoftness, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes,predicting the feasibility of a reaction.6 hUNIT – II (Organic Chemistry – III)30 hrs (1h/w)1. Nitrogen compounds 7 hNitro hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and classification – nitro hydrocarbons – structure.Tautomerism of nitroalkanes leading to aci and keto form. Preparation of Nitroalkanes.Reactivity – halogenation, reaction with HONO (Nitrous acid), Nef reaction and Mannichreaction leading to Michael addition and reduction. Amines (Aliphatic and Aromatic):Nomenclature, Classification into 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 Amines and Quarternary ammonium compounds.Preparative methods -1. Hoffman’s bromamide reaction (mechanism). 2. Reduction of Amidesand Schmidt reaction. Physical properties and basic character – Comparative basic strength ofAmmonia, methyl amine, dimethyl amine, trimethyl amine and aniline – comparative basicstrength of aniline, N-methylaniline and N,N-dimethyl aniline (in aqueous and non-aqueousmedium), steric effects and substituent effects. Use of amine salts as phase transfer catalysts.Chemical properties: a) Alkylation b) Acylation c) Carbylamine reaction d) Hinsbergseparation e) Reaction with Nitrous acid of 1 0 , 2 0 , 3 0 (Aliphatic and aromatic amines).Electrophilic substitutions of Aromatic amines – Bromination and Nitration. oxidation of aryland 3 0 Amines. Diazotization40

2. Heterocyclic Compounds 7 hIntroduction and definition: Simple 5 membered ring compounds with one hetero atom Ex.Furan. Thiophene and pyrrole. Importance of ring system – presence in important naturalproducts like hemoglobin and chlorophyll. Numbering the ring systems as per Greek letter andNumbers. Aromatic character – 6- electron system (four-electrons from two double bonds and apair of non-bonded electrons from the hetero atom). Tendency toundergo substitution reactions. Resonance structures: Indicating electron surplus carbons andelectron deficient hetero atom. Explanation of feebly acidic character of pyrrole, electrophillicsubstitution at 2 or 5 position, Halogenation, Nitration and Sulphonation under mild conditions.Reactivity of furan as 1,3-diene, Diels Alder reactions (one example). Sulphonation of thiophenepurification of Benzene obtained from coal tar). Preparation of furan, Pyrrole and thiophene from1,4,- dicarbonyl compounds only, Paul-Knorr synthesis, structure of pyridine, Basicity –Aromaticity – Comparison with pyrrole – one method of preparation and properties – Reactivitytowards Nucleophilic substitution reaction – chichibabin reaction.3. Carbohydrates 8hMonosaccharides: All discussion to be confined to (+) glucose as an example of aldo hexosesand (-) fructose as example of ketohexoses. Chemical properties and structuralelucidation: Evidences for straight chain pentahydroxy aldehyde structure (Acetylation,reduction to n-hexane, cyanohydrin formation, reduction of Tollen’s and Fehling’s reagents andoxidation to gluconic and saccharic acid). Number of optically active isomers possible for thestructure, configuration of glucose based on D-glyceraldehyde as primary standard (no proof forconfiguration is required). Evidence for cyclic structure of glucose (some negative aldehydestests and mutarotation). Cyclic structure of glucose. Decomposition of cyclic structure (Pyranosestructure, anomeric Carbon and anomers). Proof for the ring size (methylation, hydrolysis andoxidation reactions). Different ways of writing pyranose structure (Haworth formula and chairconformationa formula). Structure of fructose: Evidence of 2 – ketohexose structure (formationof penta acetate, formation of cyanohydrin its hydrolysis and reduction by HI to give 2-Carboxynhexane).Same osazone formation from glucose and fructose, Hydrogen bonding in osazones,cyclic structure for fructose (Furanose structure and Haworth formula). Interconversion ofMonosaccharides: Aldopentose to aldo hexose – eg: Arabinose to DGlucose, D-Mannose(Kiliani - Fischer method). Epimers, Epimerisation – Lobry de bruyn van Ekensteinrearrangement. Aldohexose to Aldopentose eg: D-glucose to Darabinose by Ruff’f degradation.Aldohexose (+) (glucose) to ketohexose (-) (Fructose) and Ketohexose (fructose) to aldohexose(Glucose)4. Amino acids and proteins 8 hIntroduction: Definition of Amino acids, classification of Amino acids into alpha, beta,and gama amino acids. Natural and essential amino acids – definition and examples,classification of alpha amino acids into acidic, basic and neutral amino acids with examples.Methods of synthesis: General methods of synthesis of alpha amino acids (specific examples –Glycine, Alanine, valine and leucene) by following methods: a) from halogenated carboxylicacid b) Malonic ester synthesis c) strecker’s synthesis. Physical properties: Optical activity ofnaturally occurring amino acids: L-configuration, irrespective of sign rotation, Zwitter ionstructure – salt like character - solubility, melting points, amphoteric character , definition ofisoelectric point. Chemical properties: General reactions due to amino and carboxyl groups –lactams from gamma and delta amino acids by heating peptide bond (amide linkage). Structureand nomenclature of peptides and proteins.41

Unit-III (physical chemistry-III) 30hrs (1 h / w)1. Chemical kinetics 8 hRate of reaction, factors influencing the rate of a reaction-concentration, temperature, pressure,solvent, light, catalyst. Experimental methods to determine the rate of reaction. Definition oforder and molecularity. Derivation of rate constants for first, second, third and zero orderreactions and examples. Derivation for time half change. Methods to determine the order ofreactions. Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrhenius equation, concept of activationenergy. Theories of reaction rates- collision theory-derivation of rate constant for bimolecularreaction. The transition state theory (elementary treatment).2. Photochemistry 6 hDifference between thermal and photochemical processes. Laws of photochemistry- Grothus-Draper’s law and Stark-Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence. Quantum yield.Ferrioxalate actinometry. Photochemical hydrogen- chlorine, hydrogen-bromine reaction.Jablonski diagram depicting various processes occurring in the excited state, qualitativedescription of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes (internal conversion,intersystem crossing). Photosensitized reactions- energy transfer processes (simple example)3. Thermodynamics 16 hThe first law of thermodynamics-statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy. Heatcapacities and their relationship. Joule’s law-Joule-Thomson coefficient. Calculation of w, q, dUand dH for the expansion of perfect gas under isothermal and adiabatic conditions for reversibleprocesses. State function. Temperature dependence of enthalpy of formation-Kirchoff’s equation.Second law of thermodynamics. Different Statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency.Carnot theorem. Thermodynamic scale of temperature. Concept of entropy, entropy as a statefunction, entropy changes in cyclic, reversible, and irreversible processes and reversible phasechange.Entropy of mixing inert perfect gases. Entropy changes in spontaneous and equilibriumprocesses.The Gibbs (G) and Hlmholtz (A) energies. A & G as criteria for thermodynamicequilibrium and spontaneity-advantage over entropy change. Gibbs equations and theMaxwell relations. Variation of G with P, V and T.*****42

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYB.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY Paper – IV(Chemistry and Industry)90 hrs (3 h / w)Unit – I (Physico Chemical methods of analysis) 30 hrs (1 h / w)1. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 8 h1. Chromatography: Classification of chromatography methods, principles of differentialmigration adsorption phenomenon, Nature of adsorbents, solvent systems, Rf values, factorseffecting Rf values.a. Paper Chromatography: Principles, Rf values, experimental procedures, choice of paperand solvent systems, developments of chromatogram – ascending, descending and radial. Twodimensional chromatography, applications.b. Thin layer Chromatography (TLC): Advantages. Principles, factors effecting Rf values.Experimental procedures. Adsorbents and solvents. Preparation of plates. Development of thechromatogram. Detection of the spots. Applications.c. Column Chromatography: Principles, experimental procedures, Stationary and mobilePhases, Separation technique. Applicationsd. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Principles and Applications.e. Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC): Principles and Applications2. Spectrophotometry 4 hGeneral features of absorption – spectroscopy, Beer-Lambert’s law and its limitations,transmittance, Absorbance, and molar absorptivity. Single and double beamspectrophotometers. Application of Beer-Lambert law for quantitative analysis of1. Chromium in K2Cr2O72. Manganese in manganous sulphate3. Iron (III) with thiocyanate.3. MOLECULAR SECTORSCOPY 18 h(i) Electronic spectroscopy: Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules andtypes of molecular spectra. Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding molecularorbitals. Energy levels of molecules (ó,ð, n) . Selection rules for electronic spectra. Types ofelectronic transitions in molecules effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore.(ii) Infra red spectroscopy: Energy levels of simple harmonic oscillator, molecular vibrationspectrum, selection rules. Determination of force constant. Qualitative relation of forceconstant to bond energies. Anharmonic motion of real molecules and energy levels. Modes ofvibrations in polyatomic molecules. Characteristic absorption bands of various functionalgroups. Finger print nature of infrared spectrum.(iii) Raman spectroscopy: Concept of polarizavility, selection rules, pure rotational and purevibrational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules, selection rules.(iv) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) : Principles of nuclear magneticresonance, equivalent and non-equivalent protons, position of signals. Chemical shift, NMRsplitting of signals – spin-spin coupling, coupling constants. Applications of NMR withsuitable examples – ethyl bromide, ethanol, acetaldehyde, 1,1,2-tribromo ethane, ethyl acetate,toluene and acetophenone.43

Unit – II (Drugs and pesticides) 30 hrs (1 h / w)1. DRUGS 15 h1. Introduction: Drug, disease (definition), Historical evolution, Sources – Plant, Animalsynthetic, Biotechnology and human gene therapy2. Terminology: Pharmacy, Pharmacology, Pharmacophore, Pharmacodynamics,Pharmacokinetics (ADME, Receptors – brief teartment) Metabolites and Anti metabolites.3. Nomenclature: Chemical name, Generic name and trade names with examples4. Classification: Classification based on structures and therapeutic activity with oneexample each.5. Synthesis: Synthesis and therapeutic activity of the following drugs., L-Dopa,Chloroquin, Omeprazole, Albuterol and ciprofloxacin.6. Drug Development: Pencillin, Separation and isolation, structures of different pencillins7. HIV-AIDS: Immunity – prevention of AIDS. Drugs available – examples with structures:PIS: Indinavir (Crixivan), Nelfinavir (Viracept), NNRTIS: Efavirenz (Susrtiva), Nevirapine(Viramune) NRTIs: Abacavir (Ziagen), Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC) Zidovudine (Retravir, AZT,ZDV)8. Preapration, properties, biological activiy and side efects: Eg Paracetamol, Sulphamethoxazole (Tablets)2. FORMULATIONS 5 h1. Need of conversion of drugs into medicine. Additives and their role (brief account only)2. Different types of formulations3. PESTICIDES 10 h1. Introduction to pesticides – types – Insecticides, Fungicides, Herbicides, Weedicides,Rodenticides plant growth regulators, Pheremones and Hormones. Brief discussion withexamples, Structure and uses.2. Synthesis and presnt status of the following.DDT, BHC, Malathion, Parathion, Endrin, Baygon, 2,4-D and Endo-sulphonUnit-III: (Green chemistry, Macromolecules and materials Science )/ w)30 hrs (1 h1. GREEN CHEMISTRY 12 hIntroduction: Definition of green Chemistry, need of green chemistry, basic principles ofgreen chemistryGreen synthesis: Evalution of the type of the reaction i) Rearrangements (100% atomeconomic), ii) Addition reaction (100% atom economic), Pericyclic reactions (no by-product).Selection of solvent:i) Aqueous phase reactions ii) Reactions in ionic liquids iii) Solid supported synthesisiv) Solvent free reactions (solid phase reactions)ii) Green catalysts: i) Phase transfer catalysts (PTC) ii) BiocatalystsMicrowave and Ultrasound assisted green synthesis:1. Aldol condensation2. Cannizzaro reaction3. Diels-Alder reactions4. Strecker synthesis44

5. Willaimson synthesis6. Dieckmann condensation3. MATERIALS SCIENCE 8hSuperconductivity, characteristics of superconductors, Meissner effect, types ofsuperconductors and applications.Nanomaterials- synthetic techniques, bottom-up-sol-gel method, top-down- electrodeposition method. Properties and applications of nano-materials. Composites-definition,general characteristics, particle reinforce and fiber reinforce composites and their applications.2. MACROMOLECULES 10hClassification of polymers, chemistry of polymerization, chain polymerization, steppolymerization, coordination polymerization – tacticity. Molecular weight ofpolymersnumber average and weight average molecular weight, degree of polymerization,determination of molecular weight of polymers by viscometry, Osmometry and light scatteringmethods. Kinetics of free radical polymerization, derivation of rate law. Preparation andindustrial application of polyethylene, PVC, Teflon, polyacrylonitrile, terelene and Nylon66.Introduction to biodegradability.****45

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYB.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY COURSE – IIIPractical Paper – III (Organic Chemistry) 90 hrs (3 h / w)1. Synthesis of Organic Compoundsi. Aromatic electrophilic substitutionNitration: Preparation of nitro benzene and p-nitro acetanilide,Halogenation: Preparation of p-bromo acetanilide – preparation of 2,4,6-tribromo phenol.Acetylation of Salycilic acidii. Diazotization and coupling: Preparation of pheyl azo â-naptholiii. Oxidation: Preparation of benzoic acid from benzoyl chlorideiv. Reduction: Preparation of m-nitro aniline from m-dinitro benzenev. Esterfication: Preparation of methyl p-nitro benzoate from p-nitro benzoicacid.vi. Methylation: Preparation of â-napthyl methyl ether Condensation:2. Organic Qualitative Analysis:i. Identification of an organic compound through the functional group analysis, determination of meltingpoint and preparation of suitable derivatives.( Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Succinic acid, Benzoic acid, Cinnamic acid, Pthalic acid, Salicylicacid, Phenol, Alpha Naphthol, Beta Naphthol, Resorcinol, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, Acetone,Ethyl Methyl ketone, Acetophenone, Benzo Phenone, Glucose, Fructose, Nitro Benzene, Aniline, alphaNaphthyl Amine, Beta Naphthyl amine, Urea, Acetamide, Benzamide)3. Demonstration experiments:i) Preparation of TLC platesii) Verification of the Purity of the samples(Compounds) by TLCa) Compound obtained by the acetylation of salicylic acidb) Compound obtained by the benzoylation of Anilinec) 2,4 -Dinitro Phenyl Hydrazone of Acetone46

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYB.Sc. III Year SYLLBUS 2010-2011For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY COURSE – IVPractical Paper IV (Physical Chemistry) 90hrs (3 h / w)1. Chemical kineticsi. Determination of specific reaction rate of the hydrolysis of methyl acetatecatalyzed by hydrogen ion at room temperature.ii. Determination of rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.iii. Determination of overall order of saponification of ethyl acetate2. Distribution lawi. Determination of distribution coefficient of iodine between water and carbonTetrachloride.ii. Determination of molecular status and partition coefficient of benzoic acid inToluene and water.3. Electrochemistryi. Determination of concentration of HCl conductometrically using standardNaOH solution.ii. Determination of concentration of acetic acid conductometrically usingstandard NaOH solution.iii. Determination of dissociation constant (Ka) of acetic acid by conductivitymeasurements. iv. Determination of solubility and solubility product ofBaSO4.v. Determination of redox potentials of Fe2+/Fe3+by potentiometric titration offerrous ammonium sulphate vs. potassium dichromate.4. pH metryi. Preparation phosphate buffer solutionsii. pH metric titration of weak acid, acetic acid with strong base NaOH andcalculation of dissociation constant.5. Colorimetryi. Verification of Beer-Lambert law for KMnO4 , K2Cr2O7 and determination ofconcentration of the given solution.ii. Verification of Beer-Lambert law for CuSO4 and determination ofconcentration of the given solution.iii. Composition of complex of Cu2+ - EDTA disodium salt6. Project Work:Collection of spectral data of a minimum of six compounds belonging to differentfunctional groups (other than those included in the syllabus) and submission of the report.IR Spectra of Ethyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetic and ethyl acetatePMR spectra of ethyl bromide, acetaldehyde, toluene, acetophenoneMass spectra of Ethyl benzene, acetophenone, n-Butyl amine, 1-propanol NOTE: Apart fromthe experiments (1 to 5) the project work (6) shall also be included in the University Examination.47

Recommended Text Books and Reference BooksInorganic Chemistry1. Concise Inorganic Chemistry by J.D.Lee2. Basic Inorganic Chemistry by Cotton and Wilkinson3. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol-I by Satyaprakash, Tuli, Basu and Madan4. Inorganic Chemistry by R R Heslop and P.L. Robinson5. Modern Inorganic Chemistry by C F Bell and K A K Lott6. University Chemistry by Bruce Mahan7. Qualitative Inorganic analysis by A.I.Vogel8. A textbook of qualitative inorganic analysis by A.I. Vogel9. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E.Huheey10. Inorganic Chemistry by Chopra and Kapoor11. Coordination Chemistry by Basalo and Johnson12. Organometallic Chemistry – An introduction by R.C.Mehrotra and A.Singh13. Inorganic Chemistry by D.F.Shriver, P.W.Atkins and C.H.Langford14. Inorganic Chemistry by Philips and Williams, Lab Manuals15. Introduction to inorganic reactions mechanisms by A.C.Lockhart16. Theoretical inorganic chemistry by McDay and J.Selbin17. Chemical bonding and molecular geometry by R.J.Gillepsy and P.L.Popelier18. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry By Gurudeep Raj19. Analytical chemistry by Gary D Christian, Wiley India20. Analytical Chemistry by G.L.David Krupadanam, et al, Univ. Press21. Selected topics in inorganic chemistry by W.D.Malik, G..D.Tuli, R.D.Madan22. Concepts and models of Inorganic Chemistry by Bodie Douglas, D.McDaniel andJ.Alexander23. Modern Inorganic Chemistry by William L. Jolly24. Concise coordination chemistry by Gopalan and Ramalingam25. Satyaprakash’s modern inorganic chemistry by R.D.Madan.Organic Chemistry1. Organic Chemistry By R T Morrison and R.N.Boyd2. Organic Chemistry by T.J.Solomons3. Organic Chemistry by L.G.Wade Sr4. Organic Chemistry by D.Cram, G.S.Hammond and Herdricks5. Modern Organic Chemistry by J.D.Roberts and M.C.Caserio6. Text book of Organic Chemistry by Ferguson7. Problems and their solutions in organic Chemistry by I.L.Finar8. Reaction mechanisms in Organic Chemistry by S.M.Mukherji and S.P.Singh9. A guide book to mechanisms in Organic Chemistry by Peter Sykes10. Organic spectroscopy by J.R.Dyer11. Organic Spectroscopy by William Kemp12. Fundamentals of organic synthesis amd retrosynthetic analysis by Ratna Kumar Kar13. Comprehensive practical organic qualitative analysis by V.K.Ahluwalia & SumtaDhingra14. Comprehensive practical organic chemistry: Preparation and quantitative analysis byV.K.Ahluwalia and Reena Agarwal.15. Organic Chemistry by Janice Gorzynski16. Organic Chemistry by Stanley H Pine17. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry by John Mc Murray, Eric Simanek18. Organic Chemistry by Francis A Carey19. Text book of Organic Chemistry by K.S.Mukherjee20. Organic Chemistry by Bhupinder Meha & Manju Mehta48

21. Organic Chemistry by L.G.Wade Jr, Maya Shankar Singh22. Elementary organic spectroscopy by Y.R. Sharma23. Chemistry & Industry by Gurdeep R. Chatwal24. Applied Chemistry by Jayashree Ghosh25. Drugs by David Krupadanam26. Pharmacodynamics by R.C.Srivastava, Subit Ghosh27. Analytical Chemistry by David Krupadanam28. Green Chemistry – V.K.Ahluwalia29. Organic Synthesis by V.K.Ahluwalia and R.Agarwal30. New trends in Green Chemistry –by V.K.Ahluwalia & M.Kidwai31. Industrial Chemistry by B.K.Sharma32. Industrial Chemistry by Banerji33. Industrial Chemistry byM.G.Arora34. Industrial Chemistry by O.P.Veramani & A.K.Narula35. Synthetic Drugs by O.D.Tyagi & M.Yadav36. Medicinal Chemistry by Ashutoshkar37. Medicinal Chemistry by P.Parimoo38. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics by R.S Satoshkar & S.D.Bhandenkar39. Medicinal Chemistry by Kadametal P-I & P.II40. European Pharmacopoeia41. Vogel’s Qualitative organic analysis.42. Laboratory manual of Organic Chemistry by Raj K BansalPhysical chemistry books.1. Physical chemistry A molecular approach by Donald A. Mcquarrie andJohn D. Simon.2. Physical chemistry by G M Barrow3. Principles of physical chemistry by Prutton and Marron4. Physical chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula5. Physical Chemistry by Ira N Levine6. Elements of Physical Chemistry by Peter Atkins, Julio D. Paula7. Text book of Physical Chemistry by P.L.Soni, O.P.Dharmarha and Q.N.Dash8. Solid State Chemistry and its applications by Anthony R. West9 Text book of physical chemistry by K L Kapoor10. Thermodynamics for Chemists by S Glasston11. Chemical Kinetics by K J Laidler12. An Introduction to Electrochemistry by S Glasston13. Physical chemistry through problems By S K Dogra14. Thermodynamics by J Jayaram and J C Kuriakose15. Introductory Quantum Chemistry by A K Chandra16. Physical Chemistry by J W Moore17. Kinetics and mechanism by J W Moore and R G Pearson18. Fundamentals of photochemistry by K K Rohtagi Mukharjee19. Chemical thermodynamics by R P Rastogi and S S Misra20. Advanced physical chemistry by Gurudeep Raj21. Physical chemistry by G W castellan22. Physical chemistry by Silbey, Alberty and Bawendi.23. Elements of physical chemistry by Glasstone and Lewis24. Text book of physical chemistry by S Glasstone25. Fundamentals of Molecular spectroscopy by C.N.Banwell and E.M.McCash26. Nanochemistry by Geoffrey Ozin and Andre Arsenault27. Catalysis: Concepts and green applications by Gadi Rotherberg49

28. Green Chemistry: Theory and practice by P.T.Anastas and J.C.Warner29. Polymer Science by Gowriker, Viswanathan and Jayadev Sridhar30. Introduction polymer Chemistry By G.S.Misra31. Polymer Chemistry by Bilmayer32. Kinetics and Mechanism of Chemical Transformations by Rajaram and Kuriacose.33. Senior practical physical chemistry by Khosla******50

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYMODEL PAPER (2010 – 2011)For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY PAPER – III(Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry)Time : 3 hours Max. Marks: 100PART - I ( 6 x 10 = 60)Answer any SIX questions, selecting TWO questions from each section.Section –A ( Inorganic Chemistry)1. Mention the important points of Valance Bond Theory of complexes. Explain the geometry andmagnetic properties of [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+complex ion on the basis of Valance Bond Theory.2. Write a note on Crystal Field theory. Explain the splitting of d-orbitals in octahedralcomplexes.3. Explain the difference between the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes. What are thefactors the influence ht thermodynamic stability.4. Write a detailed note on Pearson’s principle of Hard and Soft acids and bases.5.Section – ( Organic Chemistry)6. Write any two preparation methods of Nitroalkanes with equations. Explain the reactions ofNitroalkanes with (a) nitrous acid and (b) chlorine.6. Write equations for the synthesis of pyrrole from (a) 1,4-dicarbonyl compound and(b) Paul-Knor synthesis.those of pyridineCompare the basicity and aromaticity of pyrrole with7. What are the evidences for the ring structure of D(+) glucose? How do youdetermine the ring size of D(+) glucose?8. How do you synthesize Glycine by Strecker’s technique? Explain thereactions of Glycine with Nitrous acid and with ethyl alcohol with equations.Section –C (Physical Chemistry)9. Derive an equation for rate constant of a first order reaction. Give an example.10. Derive equation for rate constant on the basis of bimolecular collision theory of51reaction rates.11. Define Stark-Einstein’s law of photochemical reactions. Explain the low and high

quantum yield of photochemical reactions, with suitable examples.12. Derive the expression for Carnot’s Cycle and explain Carnot’s theorem.Part-II( 8 x 5 = 40 Marks)Answer any EIGHT of the following questions. Each question carries FIVE(5) Marks13. Describe mole ratio method for the determination of composition of a complex.14. Explain the geometrical and optical isomerism in [M(a-a) 2 b 2 ] type complexes, with a suitableexample.15. Explain Guoy’s method of determination of magnetic moment of a compound.16. Explain the electronic absorption spectrum of [Ti(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ ion17. Explain the role of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions in human beings.18. Compare the basic strengths of Aniline, N-methyl aniline and N,N-dimethyl aniline.19. How do you convert D-Arabinose to D-glucose through Kiliani-Fischer synthesis?20. Write a note on Chichibabin reaction.21. Both Glucose and Fructose form the same osazone. Justify.22. Explain Lobry de bruyn van Ekenstein rearrangement, with a suitable example.23. A first order is 50% complete in 25 minutes. How much time will be required for 90% completionof the reaction?24. Calculate the work done during reversible isothermal compression of two moles of Helium gas at273K, from a volume of 10 liters to 5 liters, assuming ideal behaviour.25. Write a note on Jablonski Diagram.26. Mention and explain Kirchoff’s equation.***52

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYMODEL PAPER (2010 – 2011)For the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY PAPER – IV(Chemistry and Industry)Time : 3 hours Max. Marks: 100PART - I ( 6 x 10 = 60)Answer any SIX questions, selecting TWO questions from each section.Section –A ( Physico chemical methods of analysis)1. What is the principle of Paper Chromatography? Explain the experimentalprocedure and give any two applications.2. Explain the technique of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Mentionany two applications.3. Define and explain Beer-Lambart’s Law. What are its limitations? Explain thecolorimetric method for the estimation of chromium in K 2 Cr 2 O 7 .4. Mention the principle of NMR spectroscopy. What is meant by equivalent andnonequivalent protons? Explain in brief the salient features in NMR spectra of Ethyl Bromide andEthyl AlcoholSection –B ( Drugs and pesticdes)5. Define the term drug. Mention the drugs derived from Plants, Animals andSynthetic Drugs. Give at least two examples with structures. for each category6. Write the synthesis of Ciprofloxacin. Explain it therapeutic activity7. Write a note on plant growth regulators, pheromones and harmones, withsuitable examples.8. Give the synthesis and present status of malathion.Section –A (Green Chemistry , Material Science & Macromolecules.)9. Explain the mechanism of chain polymerization with a suitable example.10. Define the term ‘Composites’. Mention three types of composites and theirapplications.11. What is green Chemistry? Explain 100% atom economic rearrangementand 100% atom economic addition reactions in Green Chemistry.12. Write the microwave assisted and ultrasound green synthetic techniques ofStrecker Synthesis and Williamson synthesis.53

Part-II ( 8 x 5 = 40 Marks)Answer any EIGHT questions. Each question carries 5 Marks13. What is the principle of Gas Liquid Chromatography? Explain with a suitable example.14. What is a ‘chromophore’? Explain with suitable examples.15. Explain various modes of vibrations in triatomic molecules, that occur due to theabsorption of IR radiations.16. Explain the concept of polarizability and the principle Raman Spectra.17. Write a note on splitting of signals and spin-spin coupling in NMR spectra.18. What is meant by disease? Mention the types of diseases and give examples.19. Write a note on metabolites and anti-metabolites.20. What is AIDS. Mention the steps to be taken to prevent AIDS.21. Write the structure and therapeutic uses of Sulphamethoxazole.22. What are polymers? How are they classified?23. Describe the Osmometry Method for the determination of Molecular weight ofmacromolecules.24. Write a note on the biodegradable polymers.25. Write a shot note on nano materials.26. What is Meissner’s Effect?54

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYFor the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY COURSE -III(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)SCHEME OF VALUATION (2010 – 2011)Record Marks ( For recording a minimum of 10 experiments) = 10 Marks( Preparation of Compounds at least 2 & Analysis of Organic compounds at least 8)EXAMINATION:1. Questions Based on Practicals 4 x 2.5 = 10 Marks2. Preparation of Organic Compound = 5 Marks3. Analysis of Organic Compound = 25 MarksPreliminary tests = 2(Colour, Structure, Odour, Solubility)Test of Combustion = 1MP/BP = 1Lassigne’s Test = 2Test with Litmus Paper = 1Test with Conc. Sulphuric Acid = 1Test for Acid/ Basic nature = 1(test with NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , HCl)Test with 2,4 – DNP = 2Test with Neutral Ferric Chloride = 2Test for amines = 2Test for amines = 2Confirmatory Test = 2Special Test = 2Preparation of Derivative = 2Report = 255

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYFor the students admitted into first year during 2008-2009 or laterIII B.Sc. CHEMISTRY LABORATORY COURSE -IV(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)SCHEME OF VALUATION (2010 – 2011)Record Marks ( For recording a minimum of 10 experiments)(At least one experiment from each category)= 10 MarksEXAMINATION:1. Questions Based on Practicals 4 x 2.5 = 10 Marks2. Experimenta) Physical Chemistry Experiment = 25 MarksTabulation of the readings= 5 MarksUsing the correct formula for calculation = 5 MarksResult ( < 10% error)= 15 Marks10 to 11% error = 14 Marks11 to 12% error = 13 Marks12 to 13% error = 12 Marks13 to 14% error = 11 Mark14 to 15% error = 10 Marks> 15% = 5 marksb) Identification of Spectra of any two compounds(Project work)= 5 Marks****56

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-3Database Management Systems90 hrs (3 hrs/week)DETAILED SYLLABUSUnit-1 : Database Systems Introduction and Fundamentals. 18 hrs.Database Systems: Introducing the database and DBMS, Why the database isimportant, Historical Roots: Files and File Systems, Problems with FileSystem Data Management, Database Systems.Data Models: The importance of Data models, Data Model Basic BuildingBlocks, Business Rules, The evaluation of Data Models, Degree of DataAbstraction.The Relational Database Model: A logical view of Data, Keys, IntegrityRules, Relational Set Operators, The Data Dictionary and the system catalog,Relationships with in the Relational Database, Data Redundancy revisited,Indexes, Codd’s relational database rules.(Chapters:1: 1.2 to 1.6,2,3)Unit-2 : Data Modeling and Normalization18 hrs.Entity Relationship Model: The ER Model, Developing ER Diagram, DatabaseDesign Challenges: Conflicting Goals.Advanced Data Modeling: The Extended Entity Relationship Model, Entityclustering, Entity integrity: Selecting Primary keys, Design Cases: LearningFlexible Database Design.Normalization of database tables: Database Tables and Normalization, Theneed for Normalization, The Normalization Process, Improving the design,Surrogate Key Considerations, High level Normal Forms, Normalization anddatabase design, denormalization.(Chapters: 4,6,5)Unit-3:Interaction with Databases and Construction of Information System18hrs.Introduction to SQL: Data Definition Commands, Data Manipulation Commands,Select queries, Advanced Data Definition Commands, Advanced Select queries,Virtual Tables, Joining Database Tables.Advanced SQL: Relational Set Operators, SQL Join Operators, Subqueries andcorrelated queries, SQL Functions, Oracle Sequences, Updatable Views, andProcedural SQL.Database Design: The Information System, The Systems Development Life Cycle,The Database Life Cycle, Database Design Strategies, Centralized VsDecentralized design.(Chapters: 7,8(8.1 to 8.7),9)B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper: 3 (Continued)57

Unit-4: Transaction Management in DBMS Environment.18 hrs.Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: What is transaction,Concurrency control, Concurrency control with locking Methods, Concurrencycontrol with time stamping methods, concurrency control with optimisticmethods, database recovery management.Distributed Database Management Systems: The evolution of DistributedDatabase Management Systems, DDBMS advantages and Disadvantages,Distribution Processing and Distribution Databases, Characteristics ofDistributed database management systems, DDBMS Components, Levels of Dataand Process distribution, Distributed database Transparency Features,Distributed Transparency, Transaction Transparency, Performance Transparencyand Query Optimization, Distributed Database Design, Client Server VS DDBMS.(Chapters: 10, 12)Unit-5 : Data Warehouse Concepts and Database Administration18 hrs.The Data Warehouse: The need for data analysis, Decision support systems,The data warehouse, Online analytical processing, Star schemas, Data mining,SQL extension for OLAP.Database Administration: Data as a Corporate asset, The need for and role ofdatabases in an organization, The evolution of the database administrationfunction, The database environment’s Human Component, Databaseadministration Tools, The DBA at work: Using Oracle for DatabaseAdministration.(Chapter: 13:13.1 to 3.5,13.7,13.8,15:15.1,15.2,15.4,15.5,15.6,15.8)Prescribed Text Book:1. Peter Rob, Carlos Coronel, Database Systems Design, Implementation andManagement, Seventh Edition, Thomson (2007)Reference Books:1. Elimasri / Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Fifth Edition,Pearson Addison Wesley (2007).2. Raman A Mata – Toledo/Panline K Cushman, Database Management Systems,Schaum’s Outlibe series, Tata McGraw Hill (2007).3. C.J.Date, A.Kannan, S.Swamynathan, An Introduction to DatabaseSystems, Eight Edition, Pearson Education (2006).4. Michel Kifer, Arthur Bernstein, Philip M. Lewis, Prabin K. PaniGraphi, Database Systems: An application oriented Approach, secondedition, pearson education (2008).5. Atul Kahate, Introduction to Database Management Systems, PearsonEducation (2006).58

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year:Practical Paper -3DBMS LabLab CycleOrder Tracking DatabaseThe Order Tracking Database consists of the following defined six relation schemas.EMPLOYEES(ENO,ENAME,ZIP,HDATE)PARTS(PNO,PNAME,QOH,PRICE,LEVEL) (HINT: QOH: QUALITY ON HAND)CUSTOMERS(CNO,CNAME,STREET,ZIP,PHONE)ORDERS(ONO,CNO,ENO,RECEIVED DATE,SHIPPED DATE)ODETAILS(ONO,PNO,QTY)ZIPCODES(ZIP,CITY)Solve the following queries1. GET ALL PAIRS OF CUSTOMER NUMBERS FOR CUSTOMERS BASED ON SAME ZIP CODE.2. GET PART NUMBERS FOR PARTS THAT HAVE BEEN ORDERED BY AT LEAST TWODIFFERENT CUSTOMERS.3. FOR EACH ODETAIL ROW, GET ONO,PNO,PNAME,QTY AND PRICE VALUES ALONG WITHTHE TOTAL PRICE FOR THE ITEM. (TOTAL PRICE=PRICE*QTY)4. GET CUSTOMER NAME AND EMPLOYEE PAIRS SUCH THAT THE CUSTOMER WITH NAMEHAS PLACED AN ORDER THROUGH THE EMPLOYEE.5. GET CUSTOMER NAMES LIVING IN FORT DODGE OR LIBERAL.6. GET CNAME VALUES OF CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE ORDERED A PRODUCT WITHPNO 10506.7. GET PNAME VALUES OF PARTS WITH THE LOWEST PRICE.8. GET CNAME VALUES OF CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE PLACED AT LEAST ONE ORDER THROUGHTHE EMPLOYEE WITH NUMBER 1000.9. GET THE CITIES IN WHICH CUSTOMERS OR EMPLOYEES ARE LOCATED.10. GET THE TOTAL SALES IN DOLLARS ON ALL ORDERS.11. GET PART NAME VALUES THAT COST MORE THAN THE AVERAGE COST OF ALL PARTS.12. GET PART NAMES OF PARTS ORDERED BY AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS.13. GET FOR EACH PART GET PNO,PNAME AND TOTAL SALES14. FOR EACH PART, GET PNO,PNAME, TOTAL SALES, WHOSE TOTAL SALES EXCEEDS100015. GET PNO, PART NAMES OF PARTS ORDERED BY AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENTCUSTOMERS.16. GET CNAME VALUES OF CUSTOMERS WHO HAVE ORDERED PARTS FROM ANY ONEEMPLOYEE BASED IN WICHITA OR LIBERAL.59

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued)SHIPMENT DATABASEAN ENTERPRISE WISHES TO MAINTAIN THE DETAILS ABOUT HIS SUPPLIERS AND OTHERCORRESPONDING DETAILS. FOR THAT IT USES THE FOLLOWING TABLESTABLE S(SID,SNAME,ADDRESS)PRIMARY KEY: SIDTABLE P(PID,PNAME,COLOR)PRIMARY KEY: PIDTABLE CAT(SID,PID,COST)PRIMARY KEYREFERENCE KEY: SID+PID: SID REFERENCES S.SIDPID REFERENCES P.PIDSolve the following queries1. FIND THE PNAMES OF PARTS FOR WHICH THERE IS SOME SUPPLIER2. FIND THE SNAMES OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPLY EVERY PART.3. FIND THE SNAMES OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPY EVERY RED PART.4. FIND THE PNAMES OF PARTS SUPLLIED BY LONDON SUPPLIER AND BY NOONE ELSE5. FIND THE SIDS OF SUPPLIERS WHO CHARGE MORE FOR SOME PART OTHERTHAN THE AVERAGE COST OF THAT PART6. USING GROUP BY WITH HAVING CLAUSE GET THE PART NUMBERS FOR ALLTHE PARTS SUPPLIED BY MORE THAN ONE SUPPLIER.7. GET THE NAMES OF THE SUPPLIERS, WHO DO NOT SUPPLY PART P2.8. FIND THE SIDS OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPLY A RED AND A GREEN PART9. FIND THE SIDS OF SUPPLIERS WHO SUPPLY A RED OR A GREEN PART10.FIND THE TOTAL AMOUNT HAS TO PAY FOR THAT SUPPLIER BY PARTLOCATED FROM LONDON60

Employee DatabaseB.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued)An enterprise wishes to maintain a database to automate its operations. Enterprisedivided into to certain departments and each department consists of employees. Thefollowing two tables describes the automation schemasDEPT (DEPTNO, DNAME, LOC)EMP (EMPNO,ENAME,JOB,MGR,HIREDATE,SAL,COMM,DEPTNO)1. CREATE A VIEW, WHICH CONTAIN EMPLOYEE NAMES AND THEIR MANAGER NAMESWORKING IN SALES DEPARTMENT.2. DETERMINE THE NAMES OF EMPLOYEE, WHO EARN MORE THAN THEIR MANAGERS.3. DETERMINE THE NAMES OF EMPLOYEES, WHO TAKE HIGHEST SALARY INTHEIR DEPARTMENTS.4. DETERMINE THE EMPLOYEES, WHO LOCATED AT THE SAME PLACE.5. DETERMINE THE EMPLOYEES, WHOSE TOTAL SALARY IS LIKE THE MINIMUM SALARYOF ANY DEPARTMENT.6. UPDATE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 25%, WHOSE EXPERIENCE IS GREATER THAN 10YEARS.7. DELETE THE EMPLOYEES, WHO COMPLETED 32 YEARS OF SERVICE.8. DETERMINE THE MINIMUM SALARY OF AN EMPLOYEE AND HIS DETAILS, WHO JOIN ONTHE SAME DATE.9. DETERMINE THE COUNT OF EMPLOYEES, WHO ARE TAKING COMMISSION AND NOTTAKING COMMISSION.10. DETERMINE THE DEPARTMENT DOES NOT CONTAIN ANY EMPLOYEES.11. FIND OUT THE DETAILS OF TOP 5 EARNER OF COMPANY.12. DISPLAY THOSE MANAGERS NAME WHOSE SALARY IS MORE THAN AVERAGE SALARY OF HISEMPLOYEES.13. DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHO JOINED THE COMPANY BEFORE 15TH OF THE MONTH?14. DISPLAY THE MANAGER WHO IS HAVING MAXIMUM NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES WORKINGUNDER HIM?15. PRINT A LIST OF EMPLOYEES DISPLAYING ‘LESS SALARY’ IF LESS THAN 1500 IF EXACTLY1500 DISPLAY AS ‘EXACT SALARY’ AND IF GREATER THAN 1500 DISPLAY ‘MORE SALARY’?16. DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE FIRST 2 CHARACTERS FROM HIRE DATE-LAST 2CHARACTERS OF SALARY?17. DISPLAY THOSE EMPLOYEES WHOSE 10% OF SALARY IS EQUAL TO THE YEAR OF JOINING?18. IN WHICH YEAR DID MOST PEOPLE JOIN THE COMPANY? DISPLAY THE YEAR ANDNUMBER OF EMPLOYEES.19. DISPLAY THE HALF OF THE ENAMES IN UPPER CASE AND REMAINING LOWER CASE20. DISPLAY ENAME, DNAME EVEN IF THERE NO EMPLOYEES WORKING IN APARTICULAR DEPARTMENT(USE OUTER JOIN).61

University DatabaseB.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued)University wishes to computerise their operations by using the following relations.Student (snum:Integer, sname: string, major: string, level: string,age: integer)Class (name: String, Hour:Integer, room: string, fid: integer)Enrolled (sum: integer, cname: string)Faculty (fid: Integer, fname: String, deptid: Integer)Depart (deptid: Integer, dname: String, loc: integer)By using above schema definitions, resolve the following queries1. FIND THE NAMES OF ALL JUNIORS (LEVEL=JR) WHO ARE ENROLLED IN A CLASS TAUGHTBY SMITH.2. FIND THE AGE OF THE OLDEST STUDENT WHO IS EITHER A HISTORY MAJOR OR ISENROLLED IN THE COURSE OF SMITH.3. FIND THE NAMES OF ALL CLASSES THAT EITHER MEET R128 OR HAVE FIVE OR MORESTUDENTS ENROLLED.4. FIND THE NAMES OF ALL STUDENTS WHO ARE ENROLLED IN TWO CLASSES THAT MEET ATTHE SAME HOUR.5. FIND THE NAMES OF FACULTY MEMBERS WHO TEACH IN EVERY ROOM IN, WHICH SOMECLASS IS TAUGHT.6. FIND THE NAMES OF FACULTY MEMBERS FOR WHOM THE COMBINED ENROLLMENT OF THECOURSES THAT THEY TEACH IS LESS THAN FIVE.7. PRINT THE LEVEL AND AVERAGE AGE OF STUDENTS FOR THAT LEVEL, FOR EACH LEVEL.8. PRINT THE LEVEL AND AVERAGE AGE OF THE STUDENT FOR THAT LEVEL, FOR ALL LEVELSEXCEPT JR.9. FIND THE NAMES OF STUDENTS WHO ARE ENROLLED IN THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CLASSES.10. FIND THE NAMES OF THE STUDENTS WHO ARE NOT ENROLLED IN ANY CLASS.Airline DatabaseAn Airline System would like to keep track their information by using the followingrelations.Flights (flno: integer, from: string, to: string, distance: integer,Price: integer)Aircraft (aid: integer, aname: string, cruising_range: integer)Certified (eid: integer, aid: integer)Employees (eid: integer, ename: string, salary: real)Note that the employees relation describes pilots and other kinds of employees aswell; every pilot is certified for aircraft and only pilots are certified to fly.Resolve the following queries:1. FOR EACH PILOT WHO IS CERTIFIED FOR MORE THAN THREE AIRCRAFT, FIND THE EID’S ANDTHE MAXIMUM CRUISING RANGE OF THE AIRCRAFT THAT HE (OR SHE) CERTIFIED FOR.2. FIND THE NAMES OF PILOTS WHOSE SALARY IS LESS THAN THE PRICE OF THE CHEAPESTROUTE FROM LOS ANGELES TO HONOLULU.3. FIND THE NAME OF THE PILOTS CERTIFIED FROM SOME BOEING AIRCRAFT.4. FOR ALL AIRCRAFT WITH CRUISING RANGE OVER 1,000 MILES, FIND THE NAME OF THEAIRCRAFT AND THE AVERAGE SALARY OF ALL PILOTS CERTIFIED FOR THIS AIRCRAFT.62

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-3 (Continued)5. FIND THE AID’S OF ALL AIRCRAFT THAT CAN BE USED FROM LOS ANGELS TO CHICAGO.6. PRINT THE ENAMES OF PILOTS WHO CAN OPERATE PLANES WITH CRUISING RANGE GREATERTHAN 3,000 MILES, BUT ARE NOT CERTIFIED BY BOEING AIRCRAFT.7. FIND THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID TO EMPLOYEES AS SALARIES.8. FIND THE EID’S OF EMPLOYEES WHO ARE CERTIFIED FOR EXACTLY THREE AIRCRAFTS.9. FIND THE EID’S OF EMPLOYEE WHO MAKE SECOND HIGHEST SALARY.10. FIND THE AID’S OF ALL THAN CAN BE USED ON NON-STOP FLIGHTS FROM BONN TO CHENNAI.PL/SQL PROGRAMS1. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN NUMBER ISSTRONG OR NOT.2. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN STRING IS PALINDROME OR NOT.3. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO SWAP TWO NUMBERS WITHOUT USING THIRD VARIABLE.4. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO GENERATE MULTIPLICATION TABLESFOR 2,4,65. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO DISPLAY SUM OF EVEN NUMBERS ANDSUM OF ODDNUMBERS IN THE GIVEN RANGE.6. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO CHECK THE GIVEN NUMBER ISPOLLINNDROME OR NOT.7. THE HRD MANAGER HAS DECIDED TO RAISE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 15%. WRITE APL/SQL BLOCK TO ACCEPT THE EMPLOYEE NUMBER AND UPDATE THE SALARY OF THATEMPLOYEE. DISPLAY APPROPRIATE MESSAGE BASED ON THE EXISTENCE OF THERECORD IN EMP TABLE.8. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO DISPLAY TOP 10 ROWS IN EMP TABLE BASED ONTHEIR JOB AND SALARY.9. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO RAISE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 10%, FORDEPARTMENT NUMBER 30 PEOPLE AND ALSO MAINTAIN THE RAISED DETAILS IN THERAISE TABLE.10. WRITE A PROCEDURE TO UPDATE THE SALARY OF EMPLOYEE, WHO ARE NOT GETTINGCOMMISSION BY 10%11.WRITE A PL/SQL PROCEDURE TO PREPARE AN ELECTRICITY BILL BY USINGFOLLOWING TABLETABLE USED:ELECTNAME NULL? TYPEMNOCNAMECUR_READPREV_READNO_UNITSAMOUNTSER_TAXNET_AMTNOT NULL NUMBER(3)VARCHAR2(20)NUMBER(5)NUMBER(5)NUMBER(5)NUMBER(8,2)NUMBER(8,2)NUMBER(9,2)12. WRITE A PL/SQL PROCEDURE TO PREPARE AN TELEPHONE BILL BY USINGFOLLOWING TABLE. AND PRINT THE MOTHLY BILLS FOR EACH CUSTOMER63

TABLE USED : PHONE.NAME NULL? TYPE----------------------------- -------- ----TEL_NO NOT NULL NUMBER(6)CNAMEVARCHAR2(20)CITYVARCHAR2(10)PR_READNUMBER(5)CUR_READNUMBER(5)NET_UNITSNUMBER(5)TOT_AMTNUMBER(8,2)13. WRITE A PL/SQL PROGRAM TO RAISE THE EMPLOYEE SALARY BY 10%,WHO ARE COMPLETED THERE 25 YEARS OF SERVICE.14. WRITE A PL/SQL PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE THE GRADE OF A STUDENT WITHFOLLOWING CONDITIONS:i. FOR PASS: ALL MARKS > 40ii. FOR I CLASS: TOTAL%>59iii. FOR II CLASS: TOTAL% BETWEEN >40 AND DESC STDNAME NULL? TYPE------------------------------- -------- ----NONOT NULL NUMBERNAMEVARCHAR2(10)INTNONUMBERCLASSNOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)M1NUMBERM2NUMBERM3NUMBERM4NUMBERM5NUMBERTABLE ABSTRACTSQL> DESC ABSTRACTNAME NULL? TYPE------------------------------- -------- ----STDNONUMBERSTDNAMEVARCHAR2(10)CLASSVARCHAR2(10)INTNONUMBERTOTNUMBERGRADEVARCHAR2(10)PERCENTNUMBERDAT_ENTERDATE15. WRITE A PROCEDURE TO UPDATE THE SALARY OF EMPLOYEE, WHO BELONGS TOCERTAIN DEPARTMENT WITH A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF RAISE.64

Model Question PaperB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-3Database Management SystemsTime: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100______________________________________________________________Section – A (10 X 2 = 20M)Answer the following questions. Each question carries 2 Marks.1.a) What is Meta Data? Why it is important?b) What is Candidate Key?c) What is the degree of a relationship?d) What is denormalization?e) What is subquery? Give an example.f) What is trigger?g) What are the properties of a Transaction?h) What are the advantages of the Distributed Databases?i) What is cube?j) What is Information System?Section – B (5 X 16 = 80M)Answer the following questions. Each question carries 18 Marks.2.a) Discuss about three level architecture with representation ofdata in each level.b) Discuss about the reasons brings you to choose the databasethan the file system.(or)c) What is Data independence? Discuss about levels of DataIndependence.d) What is meant by Table? Give the characteristics of aTable.3.a) Discuss about the components of ER Model?b) What is meant by cordiality of a relation? How the cordialityhelps in determination of the nature of an entity in arelation.(or)c) Discuss about BCNF. How does it differ from 3NF? Why it isconsidered a strong form of 3NF.d) What is Cursor? How can you access the cursor in PL/SQLprogram.65

4.a) Discuss about Arithmetic functions in SQL with example?b) What is a view in SQL? Discuss the limits of View operations.(or)c) What is Index? Describe the properties of an Indexes.d) Create an index for the employees belongs to the Accounts andSales departments.e) Discuss about System Development Life Cycle.5.a) What is Dirty-Read Problem? Explain with an Example.b) What is serializability? Discuss with aid of an example to testthe conflicts in serializability?c) What is Transaction? Explain the Transaction State Diagram.(or)d) Discuss about Client Server Architecture.e) Discuss about Data Fragmentation?6.a) What is Data warehouse? Discuss about the properties ofData Warehouse.b) Discuss about Star schema Architecture.(or)c) Discuss the abilities and responsibilities of DBA.d) What is Data Analysis? How was OLAP operations are helpful inanalysis of Data.* * * * *66

Detailed SyllabusB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.1(Elective – I) Web TechnologiesUNIT-1: HTML Basics 18hrsIntroduction: HTML, XML, and the World Wide Web.HTML: Basic HTML, The Document body, Text, Hyperlinks, Adding moreformatting, Lists, Tables, Using colors and images, Images.More HTML: Multimedia objects, Frames, Forms-towards interactivity, The HTMLdocument Head in detail, XHTML- An evolutionary markup.UNIT-2: Introduction to the Style Sheets and Java Scripts. 18hrsCascading Style Sheets: Introduction, Using styles: Simple examples,Defining your own styles, Properties and values in styles, Style sheets- Aworked example, Formatting blocks of information, Layers.An introduction to Java Script: What is dynamic html, Java Script,Javascript—The basics, Variables, String manipulation, Mathematicalfunctions, Statements, Operators, Arrays, Functions.UNIT-3: Objects in Java Script and DHTML18hrsObjects in Java Script: Data and objects in java script, Regularexpressions, Exception Handling, Built in objects, Events.Dynamic HTML with Java Script: Data validation, Opening a new window,Messages and Confirmations, The status bar, Writing to a different frame,Rollover buttons, Moving images, Multiple pages in a single download, Atext-only menu system, Floating logos.Unit – 4 : ASP and XML. 18hrs.Active Server Pages and Java: Active Server Pages, Java.XML: Defining Data for Web applications: Basic XML, Document typedefinition, XML schema, Document Object Model, Presenting XMLGood Design: Structure, Tables versus Frames, Accessibility,Internationalization, Exercises.Unit – 5 : Web Based Softwares and Protocols. 18hrs.Useful Software: Web browsers, Perl, Web servers, mod_perl, Databases,Accessing your ISP, Exercises.67

Protocols: Protocols, IP and TCP, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, CommonGateway Interface, The Document Object Model, introducing the DocumentObject Model, Exercises.Case Study: The plan, The dataPrescribed Book:1. Chris Bates, Web Programming Building Internet Applications, SecondEdition, Wiley (2007)Reference Books:1. Paul S.Wang Sanda S. Katila, An Introduction to Web Design PlusProgramming, Thomson(2007).2. Robert W.Sebesta, Programming the World Wide Web, Third Edition,Pearson Education (2007).3. Thomas A.Powell, The Complete Reference HTML & XHTML, Fourth Edition,Tata McGraw Hill (2006).4. Abders Moller and Michael Schwartzbach, An Introduction to XML and WebTechnologies, Addison Wesley (2006).5. Joel Sklar, Principles of Web Design, Thomson (2007).6. Raj Kamal, Internet and Web Technologies, Tata McGraw Hill (2007).7. Deitel, et al.,Internet and World Wide Web: How to Program, 3 rdEdition, PHI (2008).8. Gopalan & Akilandeswari, Web Technology: A Developer’s Perspective,PHI (2008).B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1Web Technologies Lab68

Lab Cycle1. Write a HTML program illustrating text formatting.2. Illustrate font variations in your HTML code.3. Prepare a sample code to illustrate links between differentsections of the page.4. Create a simple HTML program to illustrate three types of lists.5. Embed a real player in your web page.6. Embed a calendar object in your web page.7. Create an applet that accepts two numbers and perform all thearithmetic operations on them.8. Create nested table to store your curriculum.9. Create a form that accepts the information from the subscriber ofa mailing system.10. Design the page as follows:69B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 (Continued)

11. Using “table” tag, align the images as follows:12. Divide the web page as follows:13. Design the page as follows:B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 (Continued)14. Illustrate the horizontal rulers in your page.70

15. Create a help file as follows:16. Write a Java Script to accept the first, middle and last namesof the user and print the name.17. Evaluate the following:71a) “10”+”90”b) (1010:8c) J=(i++)+(--i)+(++i)+(i++) where i=218. Write a Program in Java Script to add two numbers.19. Write a script to find the factorial of a given number usingfunctions.20. Write a script to print all primes with in the given range.21. Write a program to sort the array elements using “Bubble Sort”technique.22. Write a program in Java Script to implement “Binary Search”technique.23. Write a script to print all perfect numbers with in the givenrange.24. Write a script to evaluate the following expression:1+2/2! +3/3! +……+n/n!25. Write a program to implement “Stack” operations.26. Write a script to print Fibonacci series recursive functions.27. Using a ternary operator, write a script to validate thewithdrawal transaction of a customer. If he with draws more thanhis balance, such a transaction should be disallowed.28. Write a script to wish the user “Good Morning” at differenthoursof the day.B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.1 (Continued)29.Prompt the user for the cost price and selling price of anarticle and output the profit or loss percentage.30.Create a customer profile for data entry of customers in a hotel.The profile should prompt for the name, address, gender, age,

oom type, mode of payment of the customer.31.Create a student registration system with the following fields:Name, Regdno, Gender, street, city, state, pincode, stdcode, phone,dbirth, college, experience, course code. Create a main object called“Stu_info” with all the fields and “College” and “Experience” as subobjects with in the main object. Create separate object definition forCollege and Experience with the following fields:College: Name, Location, DegreeExperience: Employer, Location, Duties and Period32.Write a script to read information of ‘n’ students from the userand store them into the table as follows:33.Write the script for the various validations given below:a. Candidate code should be generatedb. Date of Birth should not be null and age should be more than 21.c. All alphabet fields should be validated.d. All number fields should accept only numbers.e. Total experience should be calculated and displayed afteraccepting input for the “From” and “To” fields in the table.34. Create a bio-data format with the following fields:Name, candidate code, Date of birth, Gender, Address1, Address2,Phone, Passport number, Qualification and Percentage.Also, create the following fields for entering present employmentdetails:Company name Company Address1, Address2, Address3, Phone, Fax, E-mail,Total Experience and Project details.Create a table with the columns given below in a 3 row structure:Employer name, Location, From, To, Field35. Create a web page for a shopping mall that allows the user to72tick off his purchases and obtain a bill with the total being

simultaneously added up. The web page must follow thespecifications as given below:a.The entire web page must be divided into four portions. The topmost portion states the name of the mall, the middle portion of theweb page is divided vertically into two, the types of the itemsavailable in the mall are displayed on the left side and a detaileddescription of each item with the prices are available on the right.Finally, the bottom most portion of the web page must display thecash memo with the total along side.b.Each item in the left hand frame must have a link to the filecontaining its detailed description, which must be displayed in theright hand frame. Ensure that the user is able to perceive only thatportion of the file that is related to the item on which he clicked.Prior to the link being activated, the right hand frame must displaya friendly message that gives an idea about its latter contents.36. Design a simple calculator.37. Write a DHTML program to give different colors fordifferent heading tags.38.Using DHTML, invert the behavior of to tags.39.Create an inline style sheet for your web page.40. Create an external style sheet for creating a font family.41. Illustrate the creation of embedded style sheet.42. Illustrate the procedure of creating user-defined classes.43. Write an ASP script to send the information accepted fromthe user and send it to a CGI script.44. Write an ASP script to update the student information withsome number ‘n’ in the table.45. Delete the desired student’s record from the table usingthe ASP Script.73

Model Question PaperB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.1Web TechnologiesTime: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100______________________________________________________________Section-AAnswer all the following questions. Each question carries two marks.1.a) Distinguish between Internet and internet.b) What is domain name?c) What do you mean by home page?d) What are class selectors?e) What are clickable images?f) Write sample code to make bold tag behave as if it is an italic tag.g) What is the purpose of scripting languages? Give some examples ofscripts.h) List all the attributes of tag.i) How can we import style sheets into our web page?j) Write the attribute that is used to display a linked page in therequired frame?Section-BAnswer all the following questions. Each question carries 16 marks.2. a) Explain the features of a HTML program. Also, explainthe structure of a HTML program.b) Discuss the differences between style and formatting.Explain the tags in HTML supporting that.(or)c) What is the role-played by a multimedia object in designingthe web page? Explain the procedure to include a multimediaobject.d) Discuss MIME.3. a) What is the purpose of creating cascading stylesheets? Explain the types of cascading style sheets.b) List out the various operators available in Java Scriptwith suitable examples.(or)c) How Java Script supports object orientation? Explain with an example.d) What is an array? Discuss the structure of an array with an example.Also, explain how an array element can be removed.4. a) Explain in detail Built in objects in Java script.b) “Java script is an event – driven system”. Justify ?74

(or)c) Create a simple form and write a script that performs primitivechecking of data.d) Explain Rollover Buttons in DHTML.5. a) Explain Java Servlets.b) Explain different ASP Objects.(or)c) Explain the structure of Document Object Model.d) Explain Accessibility and internationalization.6. a) Describe Telnet operation.b) Explain the different HTTP server response codes.(or)c) Define a protocol. Explain the structure of TCP protocol.d) What is Web browser? What are the factors that are considered whileselecting a browser?* * * * *75

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.2(Elective – 2)GUI ProgrammingDetailed SyllabusUnit – 1: Familiarization about the Visual Basic Components.18hrs.Getting Starting with Visual Basic 6.0: Introduction to Visual Basic, Visual Basic 6.0 ProgrammingEnvironment, working with Forms, Developing an Application, Variables, Data types and Modules, Proceduresand Control Structures, Arrays in Visual BasicWorking with Controls: Introduction, Creating and Using Controls, Working with Control Arrays.Menus, Mouse Events and Dialog Boxes: Introduction, Mouse Events, Dialog Boxes.(Chapters:1,2,3)Unit – 2 : Objects, Classes and Add-Ins 18hrs.Graphics, MDI and Flex Grid: Introduction, Graphics for application, Multiple Document Interface(MDI),Using FlexGrid Control.Object Linking and Embedding: Introduction, OLE Fundamentals, Using OLE Container Control, Using ILEAutomation Objects, OLE Drag and Drop.Objects and Classes: Introduction to Objects. Working with Objects, Classes and Class Modules.Working with Add-Ins: Introduction to Add-Ins, Building Add-Ins.(Chapters: 4, 8, 9, 14)Unit – 3 : File System, ODBC and ActiveX features 18hrs.File and File system Controls: Introduction, File System Controls, Accessing Files, Interface with Windows.ODBC and Data Access Objects: Evolution of Computing Architectures, Data Access Options.ODBC using Data Access Objects and Remote Data Objects: Open Database Connectivity, Remote Data Objects.Working with ActiveX Data Objects: An overview of ADO and OLEDB, ADO object Model.(Chapters: 17,5,6,16)76

Unit – 4 : Data Environment ActiveX EXE and DLL 18hrs.Data Environment and Data Report: Introduction, Data Environment Designer, Data Report.All about ActiveX Controls: Introduction, Constituents of ActiveX Control, Exposing AcrivX ControlProperties.ActiveX EXE and ActiveX DLL: Introduction to ActiveX EXE and ActiveX DLL, Creating and ActiveX EXEComponent, Creating an ActiveX DLL Component.(Chapters: 7,10,11)Unit – 5 : Web Browser and DHTML Programming with Visual Basic. 18hrs.ActiveX Document Fundamentals: What is an ActiveX Document, Active Server Pages.Built-in ActiveX Controls: Working with Built-in ActiveX Controls, Additional ActiveX Controls.Introducing Web Browser and DHTML: Introduction, Internet Tools in Visual Basic, Using DHTML in VisualBasic.(Chapters: 12,13,15)Prescribed Text Book:1. Content Development Group, Visual Basic 6.0 Programming,Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited (2007).Reference Books :1. Deitel and Deitel, Visual Basic 2005, Third Edition, Pearson Education(2007).2. Noel Jerke, Visual Basic 6, The complete reference, TataMcgraw Hill (2006).3. Byran S. Gottfried, Visual Basic, Schaum’s outlines, TataMcgraw Hill (2004).77

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.2Visual Basic LabLAB CYCLE1. Develop a Visual Basic Application to display the profile of a validUser.Conditions:i. Check the User with Password.ii. Display his Profile.(Profile is one of Read, Write, Read and write)782. Develop an Visual Basic application to search an item from list ofitems using Binary Search3. Develop a Visual Basic Application for Queue Operations.4. Develop a Visual Basic Application for Stack Operations.5. Develop a Visual Basic Application for Coping the elements from onelist to other list and Vice-versa (Note: No Duplication is allowed inthe list).6. Develop a Visual Basic Application to make survey on different agegroups.Example:Age groups may be (25-34), (35-44), (45-54) and >=55 anddisplay the no of people on a particular age group.7. Develop an Calculator by using Visual Basic Application8. Develop a Visual Basic Application to sort the list of numbers.9. Develop an Visual Basic Application to read and print address of aperson (Use Input Box)

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.2 (Continued)10. Develop an Application form, which abstracts the user profileconsisting of Skills regarding OS, Databases, Web technologies,Programming Languages and Experience Details. (Use Combo Boxes forSkill Reading, one can choose more skill as per a skill category, butthere is a restriction, i.e. he can opt maximum of three)11. Develop a Visual Basic Application to generate Electricity Bill.12. Develop a program that generates a form the string “ABCDE”ABCBCDEDC13. Develop a Visual Basic Application, which develops a Student MarkList.Conditions:i. Read any 5 Subject Marks.ii. For Qualifying, minimum marks are 40%iii. For Pass average is 50%iv. For First Class Percentage is >=60v. For Second Class Percentage is between 40 and 59vi. For Third Class Percentage is 40vii. Minimum percentage is

17. Develop an Visual Basic application to demonstrate the MDI forms.18. Develop an Visual Basic Application to perform on-lineexamination. (Use Database)19.Develop an Visual Basic Application to make followingdatabase operations by using Employee Database.i. Inserting the Employee Details.ii. Deleting the Employee Details.iii. Modifying the employee Details.iv. Finding an Employee.20. Develop an Visual Basic Application with followingspecifications and conditions.i. Application represents two types of users calleda. Administrative Users: Having profile “A”b. Ordinary Users: Having profile other than “A”ii.Profile “A” people can make all operations likea. Insertion, Deletion, Updating, Finding Recordsb. Navigating the Records.c. Generating the Reports.iii. Profile not “A” can make onlya. Finding the Recordsb. Navigating the Records.c. Generating the Reports.80

Model Question PaperB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.2GUI ProgrammingTime: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100______________________________________________________________Section –AAnswer all the questions. Each question carries 2 Marks.(10 X 2 =20)1.a) What is Control Array? Give an Example.b) Describe about Various Key events in Visual Basic.c) What is OLE? Describe the importance of OLE?d) What is the purpose of Add-Ins?e) Describe the purpose of DSN?f) What is ADO Data Model?g) What is Data Environment?h) Discuss the various types of ActiveX controls.i) What are the similarities between DLL and EXE?j) What is Property Page?Section- BAnswer all the questions. Each question carries 16 Marks.(5X16 = 80)2.a) Discuss about various interfacing elements in Visual Basic IDE.(or)b) Discuss about Control structures used in Visual BasicApplication.c) What is an Event? Discuss about various mouse events withexample.3.a) Discuss about the properties of Shape Control and line Control.b) Discuss about features of Visual Data Manager.(or)c) What is OLE? Discuss about OLE Container Control.d) Discuss about steps involved in creation of a Module.4.a) What is Record Set? Discuss about similarities and differencesbetween Dynaset and Snapshot record sets.b) Develop an RDO routine to update the record of a table.(or)c) Discuss about various file access methods?d) What ODBC? Explain its significance.81

5.a) Discuss about various types of ActiveX Controls?b) Discuss abouti. Interface.ii. User Control.(or)c) Discuss about the different sections of Data Report.d) What is an in-process server? Discuss how it is different formout-of-process server.6.a) What is an object? Discuss about various types of Objects?b) Discuss about MAPI Controls?(or)c) Discuss about various controls used in creation of webapplication.* * * * *82

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.3(Elective – 3)Detailed SyllabusOperating SystemsUnit – 1 : OS Fundamentals and Structure of OS. 18hrsIntroduction – What Operating Systems do – Computer – system organization –Computer System Architecture – Operating Systems structure – OperatingSystem operations : Process management - Memory management, storagemanagement, Protection and security – Distributed systems – Computingenvironments.System structures – Operating System services – User Operating Systeminterface – system calls – Types of system calls – system programs –Operating system structure – system Boot. Process concept – Processscheduling – Operations on processes – Inter process communication –Examples of IPC systems – Communication in Client server systems.Unit – 2 : Multithreading and Process Synchronization. 18hrs.Multithreaded programming – Multithreading models – Thread Libraries –Threading issues – Operating System examples. Process Scheduling –Basicconcepts – Scheduling Criteria – Scheduling Algorithms – Multiple processscheduling – Thread scheduling – Operating System examples. ProcessSynchronization – The Critical section problem – Peter’s solution –Synchronization Hardware – Semaphores – Classic problems of Synchronization– Monitors – Synchronization examples. Deadlocks – System model – DeadlockCharacterization – Methods for Handling Deadlocks – Deadlock prevention –Deadlock Avoidance – Deadlock Detection – Recovery from Deadlock.Unit – 3 : Memory Management Strategies. 18hrs.Memory – management strategies – swapping – contiguous Memory allocation –paging – structure of the page table – Segmentation. Virtual – Memorymanagement – Demand paying – Page Replacement. File system – File concept –Access Methods – Directory structure – Protection.Unit – 4 : File Systems and I/O Management. 18hrs.Implementing file systems –File system structure File system implementation– Directory implementation – Allocation methods – Free space management –Efficiency and Performance – Recovery. Secondary storage structure –overview of Mass-storage structure-Disk structure - Disk Attachment – DiskScheduling – Disk Management – Swap space Management – RAID structure. I/Osystems – overview – I/O hardware – Application I/O interface – Kernal I/Osubsystem – Transforming I/O requests to Hardware Operations.Unit – 5 : Real Time Systems and Case Study. 18hrs.Real Time systems – Overview – System characteristics – Features of Realtime Kernels – Implementing Real time Operating Systems – Real time CPUScheduling – Vx works 5.x Case study : The Linux System : Linux history –Design principles – Kernel Modules – Process Management – Scheduling –83

Memory Management – File systems – Input and Output – Inter processcommunication – Network structure.Prescribed Book :1. Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin, Greg Gagne, OperatingSystem Principles, Seventh Edition, Wiley India Edition (2007)Chapters (1 to 13, 19, 21)Reference Books :1. William Stallings, Operating Systems Internals and DesignPrinciples, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education (2007).2. Andrew S Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems, 2 nd Edition,Pearson Education.3. Archer Harris J, Operating Systems, Schaum outline series,Tata McGraw Hill(2006).4. Davis and Rajkumar, Operating Systems A Systematic view,Sixth Edition, Pearson Education (2007).5. Bhatt, Introduction to Operating Systems: Concepts and Practice,2 nd Edition, PHI (2008).6. Stallings, Operating Systems - Internals and Design Principles,5 th Edition, PHI (2007).84

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab-4.3(Elective -3)Operating Systems LabLAB CYCLE1. Write a shell script to accept two numbers and perform all arithmeticoperations on it.2. Write a shell script to find largest of three numbers using conditionalexecution operators3. Write a shell script to accept the name of the file from standardinput and perform the following tests on ita) File executableb) File readablec) File writabled) Both readable & writable4.Write a shell script which will display the username and terminalname who login recently in to the Unix system.5.Write a shell script to find number of files in a directory6.Write a shell script to print the following format1121231234……….7. Write a shell script which will display the number of days in the given month and year8. Write a shell script to check whether a given number is perfectnumber or not9. Write a shell script for concatenation of two strings using85arguments10. Write a shell script to demonstrate break and continuestatements11. Write a shell script to satisfy the following menu optionsa. Display current directory pathb. Display today’s datec. Display users who are connected to the Unix systemd. Quit12. Write a shell script to delete all files whose size is zerobytes from current directory13. Write a shell script to display reverse numbers from given argument list

14. Write a shell script to display factorial value from given argument list15. Write a shell script which will greet you “Good Morning”, “Good Afternoon”, “Good Evening” and“Good Night” according to current time16. To implement the FCFS Algorithm17. To implement the Shortest Job First Algorithm18. To implement Priority Algorithm19. To implement the round robin Algorithm20. To implement the FIFO page replacement Algorithm21. To implement LRU page replacement Algorithm22. To implement Resource Request Algorithm23. To implement First-Fit, Best-Fit, Worst-Fit Algorithm24. To implement Sequential File Organization25. To implement Random File Organization* * * * *86

Model Question PaperB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.3Operating SystemsTime: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100__________________________________________________________________________Section-AAnswer all the following questions. Each question carries 2 marks.1. a) What is bootstrap loader?b) What is meant by fragmentation?c) Shell Vs Kernel.d) Demand paging.e) Define semaphores.f) What are interrupts? Give some examples.g) What are the features of a real-time system? Give some examples.h) Critical section Vs Atomic Section.i) List out some of the services provided by an operating system.j) Distinguish between a process, program and a thread.Section-BAnswer all the following questions. Each question carries 16 marks.2) a) What is a system call? How are they handled by an operatingsystem?b) Define IPC. How the client and server systems establishcommunication with each other?(or)c) Discuss the difference between distributed systems andcentralized systems in terms of their functionality.d) Define a process. Explain the different ways of schedulingprocesses.3) a) What is a deadlock? Explain different dead lock prevention measures.b) Explain the Peter’s solution for the critical section problem.(or)c) Discuss the scheduling algorithms in detail.4) a) Discuss dynamic linking and shared libraries.b) Explain segmentation.(or)c) Explain the FIFO page replacement algorithm.d) Describe the buddy system of allocating kernel memory.5) a) What are the different data structures available for directoryallocation?b) What are the factors that affect the selection of a diskschedulingalgorithm?(or)c) Discuss DMA.d) Explain the need of spooling for an operating system.6) a) What are the features of real-time kernels?b) Discuss the way processes are managed under Linux.(or)c) Define interrupt latency. What are the factors affecting it?d) How the user programs are loaded and executed under Linux?87* * * * *

B.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.4(Elective -4)Unit – 1 : Installing and Configuring MySQL, Apache and PHPUnit – 2 :PHP BasicsUnit – 3 : Working with Objects and FormsUnit – 4 : Introduction to Cookies, Working with Files,Directories and Images.Unit – 5 : Introduction to MySQL and Interfacing with Databasesthrough PHPDetailed SylabusB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.4PHP, MySQL and ApacheUnit – 1 : Installing and Configuring MySQL, Apache and PHP 18hrsInstalling and Configuring MySQL: Current and Future Versions of MySQl, Howto Get MySQL, Installing MySQL on Linux, Windows, Trouble Shooting yourInstallation, Basic Security Guidelines, Introducing MySQL Privilege System,Working with User Privileges.Installing and Configuring Apache: Current and future versions of Apache,Choosing the Appropriate Installation Method, Installing Apache on Linux,Windows, Apache Configuration File Structure, Apache Log Files, ApacheRelated Commands, Trouble Shooting.Installing and Configuring PHP: Building PHP on Linux with Apache, Windows,php.ini.Basics, The Basics of PHP scripts.(Chapters: 2,3,4)Unit – 2 : PHP Basics 18hrsThe Building blocks of PHP: Variables, Data Types, Operators andExpressions, Constants.Flow Control Functions in PHP: Switching Flow, Loops, Code Blocks andBrowser Output.Working with Functions: What is function?, Calling functions, DefiningFunctions, Returning the values from User-Defined Functions, Variable Scope,Saving state between Function calls with the static statement, more aboutarguments.88

Working with Arrays: What are Arrays?, Creating Arrays, Some Array-RelatedFunctions.(Chapters: 5,6,7,8)Unit – 3 : Working with Objects and Forms 18hrsWorking with Objects: Creating Objects, Object InstanceWorking with Strings, Dates and Time: Formatting strings with PHP,Investigating Strings with PHP, Manipulating Strings with PHP, Using Dateand Time Functions in PHP.Working with Forms: Creating Forms, Accessing Form Input with User definedArrays, Combining HTML and PHP code on a single Page, Using Hidden Fields tosave state, Redirecting the user, Sending Mail on Form Submission, Workingwith File Uploads.(Chapters: 9,10,11)Unit– 4:Introduction to Cookies, Working with Files, Directories and Images.18hrs.Working with Cookies and User Sessions: Introducing Cookies, Setting aCookie with PHP, Session Function Overview, Starting a Session, Working withsession variables, passing session IDs in the Query String, DestroyingSessions and Unsetting Variables, Using Sessions in an Environment withRegistered Users.Working with Files and Directories: Including Files with inclue(),Validating Files, Creating and Deleting Files, Opening a File for Writing,Reading or Appending, Reading from Files, Writing or Appending to a File,Working with Directories, Open Pipes to and from Process Using popen(),Running Commands with exec(), Running Commands with system() or passthru().Working with Images: Understanding the Image-Creation Process, NecessaryModifications to PHP, Drawing a New Image, Getting Fancy with Pie Charts,Modifying Existing Images, Image Creation from User Input.(Chapters:12,13,14)Unit – 5:Introduction to MySQL and Interfacing with Databases through PHP18hrs.Understanding the database design process: The Importance of Good DatabaseDesign, Types of Table Relationships, Understanding Normalization.Learning basic SQL Commands: Learning the MySQL Data types, Learning theTable Creation Syntax, Using Insert Command, Using SELECT Command, UsingWHERE in your Queries, Selecting from Multiple Tables, Using the UPDATEcommand to modify records, Using RELACE Command, Using the DELETE Command,89

Frequently used string functions in MySQL, Using Date and Time Functions inMySQL.Using Transaction and stored procedures in MySQL: What is Transaction?, Whatare Stored Procedures?Interacting with MySQL using PHP: MySQL Versus MySQLi Functions, Connectingto MySQL with PHP, Working with MySQL DataCreating an Online Address Book: Planning and Creating Database Tables,Creating Menu, Creating Record Addition Mechanism, Viewing Records, Creatingthe Record Deletion Mechanism, Adding Sub-entities to a Record.(Chapters: 15,16,17,18,20)Prescribed Book:1. Julie C. Meloni, PHP MySQL and Apache, SAMS Teach yourself, PearsonEducation (2007).Reference Book:1. Xue Bai Michael Ekedahl, The web warrior guide to WebProgramming, Thomson (2006).90

B.SC(COMPUTER SCIENCE): III YEAR: LAB- 4.4PHP and MySQL LabMySQL Lab CycleCycle -1An Enterprise wishes to maintain the details about his suppliers and othercorresponding details. For that he uses the following details.Suppliers (sid: Integer, sname: string, address: string)Parts (pid: Integer, pname: string, color: string)Catalog (sid: integer, pid: integer, cost: real)The catalog relation lists the prices charged for parts by suppliers.Write the following queries in SQL:1. Find the pnames of parts for which there is some supplier.2. Find the snames of suppliers who supply every part.3. Find the snames of supplier who supply every red part.4. Find the pnames of parts supplied by London Supplier abd by no oneelse.5. Find the sid’s of suppliers who charge more for some part than theaverage cost of that part.6. For each part, find the sname of the supplier who charges the most forthat part.7. Find the sid’s of suppliers who supply only red parts.8. Find the sid’s of suppliers who supply a red and a green part.9. Find the sid’s of suppliers who supply a red or green part.10. Find the total amount has to pay for that suppler by part located fromLondon.Cycle – 2An organisation wishes to maintain the status about the working hours madeby his employees. For that he uses the following tables.Emp (eid: integer, ename: string, age: integer, salary: real)Works (eid: integer, did: integer, pct_time: integer)Dept (did: integer, budget: real, managerid: integer)An employee can work in more than one department; the pct_time field of theworks relation shows the percentage of time that a given employee works in agiven department.91

B.Sc(Computer Science): III Year: Lab- 4.4 (Continued)Resolve the following queries.1. Print the names and ages of each employee who works in both Hardwareand Software departments.2. For each department with more than 20 full time equivalent employees(i.e., where the part-time and full-time employees add up to at leastthat many full-time employees), print the did’s together with thenumber of employees that work in that department.3. Print the name of each employee whose salary exceeds the budget of allof the departments that he or she work in.4. Find the managerid’s of managers who manage only departments withbudgets greater than 1,000,000.5. Find the enames of managers who manage the departments with largestbudget.6. If a manager manages more than one department, he or she controls thesum of all the budgets for those departments. Find the managerid’s ofmanagers who control more than 5,000,000.7. Find the managerid’s of managers who control the highest amount.8. Find the average manager salary.PHP Lab Cycle1. Write a PHP program to Display “Hello”2. Write a PHP Program to display the today’s date.3. Write a PHP Program to read the employee details.4. Write a PHP Program to display the5. Write a PHP program to prepare the student marks list.6. Write a PHP program to generate the multiplication of two matrices.7. Write a PHP Application to perform demonstrate the college website.8. Write a PHP application to add new Rows in a Table.9. Write a PHP application to modify the Rows in a Table.10. Write a PHP application to delete the Rows from a Table.11. Write a PHP application to fetch the Rows in a Table.12. Develop an PHP application to make following Operationsi. Registration of Users.ii. Insert the details of the Users.iii. Modify the Details.iv.Transaction Maintenance.a) No of times Logged inb) Time Spent on each login.c) Restrict the user for three trials only.d) Delete the user if he spent more than 100 Hrs oftransaction.92

Model Question PaperB.Sc.(Computer Science): III Year: Theory Paper-4.4PHP, MYSQL AND APACHETime: 3Hrs Max. Marks: 100______________________________________________________________Section – AAnswer the following Questions. Each question carries 2 Marks.1. a) What is Test Type?b) How would you declare a class called myClass that has nomethods or properties.c) By using PHP, how can you format date information.d) What is the significance of mail().e) What are similaries and difference between fgets() andfread()?f) Mension the functions used to add library code to thecurrently running scripts.g) What are RGB values would be used for pure black and purewhite color.h) Why the bounced messages are used?i) How can you count the number of records in a recordset byusing PHP?j) Develop a function to display “Hello” by using PHP.Section – BAnswer the following Questions. Each Question carries 16 Marks.2.a) What is Privilege? What are the basic privileges assigned tothe users in MySQL?b) Describe the Installation Steps on MySQL on WindowsEnvironment.(or)c) Describe about various Apache Directive Containers.d) Briefly explain the basic structure of PHP program with anexample.3.a) Discuss about various control structures used in PHP? Givesuitable example for each.(or)b) What is array? Develop an PHP application to merge two sortedarrays.c) What is Function? Describe about the function operation withstatic statement.4.a) Discuss about Object Inheritance with example?93

) Create a PHP Form to read the employee details from theconsole.(or)c) Discuss about string functions used in PHP with suitableexample.5.a) What is Session? Construct the various Sessions, for anapplication, performs addition and deletion of employees.(or)b) Discuss about Locking mechanism flock().c) Write a PHP program to create a Pie Chart.6.a) What is Normalization? Describe its importance and precautionswhile normalizing the schemas.b) Discuss about Join queries.(or)c) What is Transaction? Describe the states of a transaction.d) Construct an interface to connect with the MySQL Data Elementto make updating of data.* * * * *94

UNIT-I (23 HOURS)B.SC III YEAR- ELECTRONICS SYLLABUSPAPER – III Digital Electronics and Microprocessor (90 hours)Introduction to number systems, Logic gates OR, AND, NOT, X-OR, NAND, NOR gates -Truth tables – Positive and negative logic – Logic families and their characteristics – RTL, DTL,ECL, TTL and CMOS.– Universal building blocks NAND and NOR gates. Laws of Booleanalgebra De Morgan’s Theorems – Boolean identities – Simplification of Boolean expressions–Karnaugh Maps – Sum of products (SOP) and Product of sums (POS).UNIT-II (22 HOURS)Combinational and Sequential circuits: Multiplexer and De-Multiplexer – Decoder, Half adder,Full adder and Parallel adder circuits. Flip flops – RS, D, JK and JK Master-Slave (working andtruth tables) - Semiconductor memories – Organization and working- Synchronous andasynchronous binary counters, Up/Down counters- Decade counter (7490) - working, truthtables and timing diagrams.UNIT-III (23 HOURS)Introduction to Microcomputer and Microprocessor: Intel 8085 Microprocessor – centralprocessing unit CPU – arithmetic and logic unit ALU – timing and control unit – registerorganization – address, data and control buses- pin configuration of 8085 and its description.Timing diagrams- Instruction cycle, machine cycle, fetch and execute cycles.Instruction set of 8085, instruction and data formats- classification of instructions –addressingmodes. Assembly language programming examples of 8 and 16 bit addition, subtraction,multiplication and division. Finding the largest and smallest in a data array. Programmingexamples using stacks and subroutines.UNIT-IV (22 HOURS)Interfacing peripherals and applications: Programmable peripheral interface (8255) - D/A andA/D converters and their interfacing to the Microprocessor. Stepper motor control- sevensegment LED.(NOTE: Solving related problems in all the Units)95

Reference Books:1. Digital Principles and Applications- Malvino & Leach- TMH2. Digital Fundamentals – F.Loyd & Jain- Pearson Education3. Modern Digital Electronics- R.P Jain-TMH4. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits- Anand Kumar- PHI5. Digital Systems – Rajkamal- Pearson Education6. Digital Electronic Principles and Integrated Circuits- Maini- Willey India7. Digital Electronics- Gothman-8. Digital Electronics –J.W. Bignel & Robert Donova- Thomson Publishers (Indian 5 th Ed)9. Microprocessor Architecture and Programming – Ramesh S. Goanker- Penram10. Introduction to Microprocessor – Aditya. P. Mathur- TMH11. Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Hardware and Interfacing- Mathivannan- PHI12. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and Microcontrollers – B. Ram-Dhanpat Rai & Sons.13. Advanced Microprocessor and Peripherals, Architecture, Programming and Interface- A.K.Ray andK.N. Bhurchandi- TMH14. Microprocessor Lab Premier- K.A. Krishna Murthy96

A) Digital ExperimentsB.Sc III Year - ElectronicsPRACTICAL PAPER-III (90 hours – 30 sessions)Digital Electronics and Microprocessor Lab1. Verification of truth tables of OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR, EX-OR gates (By using7400-series)2. Construction of gates using NAND, NOR gates.3. Construction of Half and Full adders and verifying their truth tables.4. Operation and verifying truth tables of flip- flops- RS, D, and JK using ICs.5. Construction of Decade counters (7490).6. Driving Stepper motor using JK flip-flop7. Simulation experiments using appropriate electronic circuit simulation.a) 4-bit parallel adder using combinational circuits.b) Decade counter using JK flip flops.c) Up/Down counter using JK flip flop.d) Up/Down counter using 7493.B) MICROPROCESSOR (Software)1. Binary addition & subtraction. (8-bit & 16-bit)2. Multiplication & division.3. Picking up largest/smallest number.4. Arranging –ascending/descending order.5. Decimal addition (DAA) & Subtraction.6. Time delay generationC) MICROPROCESSOR (Hardware)1. Interfacing R-2R Ladder network (DAC) (4 bits) to generate waveforms.2. Interfacing a stepper motor and rotating it clockwise/anti clockwise through a knownangle.3. Interfacing a seven segment display.4. Interfacing ADC for temperature measurement.Note: Student has to perform the following experiments:(i) In Section (A) any four experiments among experiment numbers 1to 6(ii) Experiment Number 7 (a, b, c and d) is compulsory(iii) All experiments in section (B)(iv) Any two experiments in section (C).STUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING THIRD YEAR97

B.Sc III Year –ElectronicsElective Paper–IV(A): Embedded Systems and Applications (90 hours)Unit– I (22 Hours)The 8051 MicrocontrollerIntroduction to microcontrollers and embedded systems: Overview and block diagram of 8051.Architecture of 8051. Program counter and memory organisation. Data types and directives,Flag bits and PSW Register, Register banks and Stack; Pin diagram, Port organisation, I/OProgramming, Bit manipulation. Interrupts and timer.Unit–II (23 Hours)Addressing modes, instruction set and assembly language programming of 8051Addressing modes and accessing memory using various addressing modes. Instruction set:Arithmetic, Logical, Single Bit, Jump, Loop and Call Instructions and their usage. Time DelayGeneration and Calculation; Timer/Counter Programming. Programming examples: Addition,multiplication, subtraction, division, arranging a given set of numbers in ascending / descendingorder, picking the smallest / largest number among a given set of numbers, Accessing aspecified port terminal and generating a rectangular waveform.Unit – III (22 Hours)Interfacing of peripherals to MicrocontrollerInterfacing of – LED, Switches, Relays, Buzzes, seven seg. Display, DAC, ADC. Serialcommunication- modes and protocolsUnit – IV (23 Hours)Applications of Embedded SystemsTemperature measurement, displaying information on a LCD, Control of a Stepper Motor,Interfacing a keyboard and generation different types of waveforms.98

B.Sc III Year –ElectronicsElective Paper – IV (A): PRACTICALS (90 Hours- 30 Sessions)Microcontroller Experiments using 8051 kitEmbedded Systems and Applications Lab1. Multiplication of two numbers using MUL command (later using counter method for repeatedaddition )2. Division of two numbers using DIV command (later using counter method for repeatedsubtraction )3. Pick the smallest number among a given set of numbers4. Pick the largest number among a given set of numbers5. Arrange ‘n’ numbers in ascending order6. Arrange ‘n’ numbers in descending order7. Generate a specified time delay8. Interface a ADC and a temperature sensor to measure temperature9. Interface a DAC & Generate a stair case wave form – with step duration and no. of steps asvariables10. Flash a LED connected at a specified out put port terminal11. Interface a stepper motor – and rotate it clock wise or anti clock wise through given angle steps12. Using Keil software write a program to pick the smallest among a given set of numbers13. Using Keil software write a program to pick the largest among a given set of numbers14. Using Keil software write a program to arrange a given set of numbers in ascending order15. Using Keil software write a program to arrange a given set of numbers in descending order16. Using Keil software write a program to generate a rectangular wave form at a specified portterminalNote: Student has to perform the following experiments(1) 8 Experiments among experiment numbers 1 to 11(2) Experiment Numbers from 12 to16 are compulsorySTUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING THIRD YEAR100

B.Sc III Year –ElectronicsElective Paper – IV (B) : Digital Design Using VHDL (90 Hours)UNIT – I (22 Hours)Introduction & Behavioural ModelingIntroduction to HDLs: Difference between HDL and other software languages – DifferentHDLs in vogue. Overview of digital system design using HDLBasic VHDL Language Elements: Identifiers, Data objects, scalar and composite data types,OperatorsBehavioural Modeling with examples: Entity declaration, Architecture body, Process statementand sequential statements. Inertial and transport delay models, creating signal waveforms,signal drivers, effect of transport and inertial delays on signal drivers.UNIT – II (23 Hours)Data Flow and Structural ModelingData Flow Modeling with examples: Concurrent signal assignment statement, Concurrentversus sequential signal assignment, Delta delays, Multiple drivers, Conditional signalassignment statement, selected signal assignment statement, concurrent assertion statement.Structural Modeling with examples: Component declaration, Component instantiation andexamples, Direct instantiation of component.UNIT – III (23 Hours)Subprograms and PackagesSubprograms and Overloading: Functions and procedures with simple examples - subprogramoverloading, Operator overloading.Packages and Libraries: Package declaration, package body, design file, design libraries, orderof analysis, implicit visibility, explicit visibility, library clause and use clause.Advanced Features: Entity statements, Generate statements, Attributes, Aggregate targets, portsand their behaviour.101

UNIT – IV (22 Hours)Simulation and Hardware modelingModel Simulation: Simulation – Writing a Test Bench for a Half and a Full adder.Hardware Modeling Examples: Modeling entity interfaces, Modeling simple elements,Different styles of modeling, Modeling regular structures, Modeling delays, Modelingconditional operations, Modeling a clock divider and a pulse counter.Reference Books1. A VHDL Primer - By J.Bhasker ., 3 rd edition - PHI, New Delhi, 20072. Circuit design with VHDL by Volnei . Pedroni – PHI, New Delhi, 20073. Digital Systems Design using VHDL by Charles H.Roth Jr.- PWS Pub.,19984. Introductory VHDL : From Simulation to Synthesis – by Sudhakar Yalamanchili.- PearsonEducation Asia., 20015. VHDL Programming by Example – By Douglas L.Perry.- 4 th Ed - TMH., 20026. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design – by Stephen Brown & ZvonkoVranesic - TMH. 20027. VHDL – Analysis & Modeling of Digital Systems – By Zainalabedin Navabi- 2 nd Ed -TMH, 19988. The Designer’s Guide to VHDL - By Peter J. Ashenden -2 nd Ed., 1 st Indian Reprint-Harcourt India Pvt. Ltd., 2001.102

B.Sc III Year –ElectronicsElective Paper – IV (B): PRACTICALS (90 Hours- 30 Sessions)Digital design Using VHDL LabVHDL –Program entry, simulation & implementation (CPLD/ FPGA) using appropriate HDLSoftware for the following circuits.1. All types of logic gates (Data Flow)2. Half adder ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)3. Full adder ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)4. Half subtractor ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)5. Full subtractor ( Data flow, Structural and Schematic)6. Two control input Mux – using case7. Two control input Mux – using conditional signal assignment8. Two control input Mux – using selected signal assignment9. Two control input Dmux - using case10. BCD to seven segment decoder (schematic)11. Modeling a RS-FF with assertion, report & different levels of severity (Behavioural)12. Modeling a BCD Counter (Top level behavioural)13. Writing a Test Bench for a Half adder14. Writing a Test bench for Full AdderNote: Student has to perform any 12 experimentsSTUDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO DO A SMALL PROJECT WORK DURING THIRD YEAR103

THIRD YEAR B.Sc.MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS104Paper III: IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGYUNIT – I History of Immunology and Immune System 22 HrsDevelopment of immunology.Types of immunity – innate and acquired; active and passive; humoral and cell-mediated immunity.2 Hrs6 HrsPrimary and secondary organs of immune system – thymus, bursa fabricus, bone marrow, spleen andlymph nodes.6 HrsCells of immune system.2 HrsIdentiification and function of B and T lymphocytes, null cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils,basophils and eosinophils.6 HrsUNIT – II Basics of Immunology 22 HrsAntigens – types, chemical nature, antigenic determinants, haptens.Factors affecting antigenicity.2 Hrs1 HrAntibodies – basic structure, types, properties and functions of immunoglobulins. 2 HrsComponents of complement and activation of complement.2 HrsTypes of antigen-antibody reactions – agglutination, blood groups, precipitation, neutralization,complement fixation.4 HrsLabeled antibody based techniques – ELISA, RIA and Immunofluroscence.Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies – production and applications.Types of hypersensitivity – immediate and delayed.Autoimmunity and its significance.UNIT – III Clinical Microbiology 23 HrsHistory of medial microbiology.Normal flora of human body.3 Hrs3 Hrs3 Hrs2 Hrs1 Hr2 HrsDefinition of infection, non-specific defense mechanisms, mechanical barriers, antagonism ofindigenous flora.3 HrsAnti-bacterial substances – lysozyme, complement, properdin, antiviral substances, phagocytosis.2 HrsGeneral principles of diagnostic microbiology.Collection, transport and processing of clinical samples.1 Hr3 HrsGeneral methods of laboratory diagnosis – cultural, biochemical, serological and molecular methods.Tests for antimicrobial susceptibility.Antiviral agents – interferon and base analogues.5 Hrs2 Hrs2 Hrs

Host-pathogen interactions. Bacterial toxins, virulence and attenuation.UNIT – IV Microorganisms and Diseases 23 HrsElements of chemotherapy – therapeutic drugs. Drug resistance.Mode of action of penicillin and sulpha drugs, and their clinical use.Preventive control of diseases – active and passive immunization.Vaccines – natural and recombinant.2 Hrs2 Hrs3 Hrs3 Hrs2 HrsGeneral account of the following diseases – causal organisms, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis,prevention and control of:Air-borne diseases- Tuberculosis, InfluenzaFood and water-borne diseases - Cholera, Typhoid, Hepatitis- APoliomyelitis, AmoebiasisInsect-borne diseasesContact diseasesZoonotic diseases- Malaria, Filariasis, Dengue fever- Syphilis, Gonorrhoea- Rabies, AnthraxBlood-borne diseases - Serum hepatitis, AIDS 12 HrsGeneral account of nosocomial infections.TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:Reddy, S.R. and Reddy, K.R. (2006). A Text Book of Microbiology - Immunology and MedicalMicrobiology, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.1 HrTizard, I.R. (1995). Immunology : An Introduction, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, USA.Riott, I.M. (1998). Essentials of Immunology, ELBS and Black Well ScientificPublishers, England.Goldsby, Kindt, T.J. and Osborne, B.A. (2004). Kuby Immunology, 6 th Edition, W.H.Freeman andCompany, New York.Lydyard, P.M., Whelan, A. and Fanger, M.W. (2000). Instant Notes in Immunology, Viva Books Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.Chakraborty, B. (1998). A Text Book of Microbiology, New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd, Calcutta,India.Ananthanarayana, R. and Panicker, C.K.S. (2000). Text Book of Microbiology, 6 th Edition, OrientalLongman Publications, USA.Gupte, S. (1995). Short Text Book of Medical Microbiology, 8 th Edition, Jaypee Brothers MedicalPublishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi.Annadurai, B. (2008). A Textbook of Immunology and Immunotechnology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd.,New Delhi.Dey, N., T.K. and Sinha, D. (1999). Medical Bacteriology Including Medical Mycology and AIDS.New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Calcutta, India.Shetty, N. (1994). Imuunology – Introductory Textbook. New Age International Pvt. Ltd., NewDelhi.Singh, R.P. (2007). Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.105

LAB – III: IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY90 Hrs1. Blood tests – TC, DC and ESR.2. Estimation of blood haemoglobin.3. Determination of blood groups and Rh typing.4. Antigen-antibody interactions in Widal test, VDRL test, and Precipitation –Ouchterlony double diffusion test.5. Acid-fast staining of mycobacteria (stained/permanent slides).6. Isolation and identification of medically important bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella,Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) by cultural, microscopic andbiochemical tests.7. Antibiotic sensitivity testing – disc diffusion method.8. Parasites – Malarial parasite, Entamoeba (study of permanent slides).9. Observation of fungal pathogen (Candida).10. Tests for disinfectant (Phenol coefficient).REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB:Gopal Reddy, M., Reddy, M.N., Saigopal, DVR and Mallaiah, K.V. (2007). Laboratory Experimentsin Microbiology, 2 nd edition. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.Talwar, G.P. and Gupta, S.K. (1992). A Hand Book of Practical and Clinical Immunology. CBSPublications, New Delhi.Baren, E.J. (1994). Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 9 th Edition, Mosby Publishers.Dubey, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. (2002). Practical Microbiology, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.Samuel, K.M. (Ed.) (1989). Notes on Clinical Lab Techniques, M.K.G. Iyyer & Son Publishers,Chennai.Wadher, B.J. and Reddy, G.L.B. (1995). Manual of Diagnostic Microbiology, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Mumbai.Dey, N.C., Dey, T.K., Dey, M. and Sinha, D. (1998). Practical Microbiology, Protozoology, andParasitology. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Calcutta.Mukherjee, K.L. (1996). Medical Laboratory Technology. Vol II. Tata Mc GrawHill Publishing Co.Ltd., New Delhi.106

PAPER IV: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGYUNIT - I Agricultural Microbiology 23 HrsPhysical and chemical characteristics of soil.Rhizosphere and phyllosphere.2 HrsPlant growth-promoting microorganisms -mycorrhizae, rhizobia, Azospirillum, Azotobacter,cyanobacteria, Frankia and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. Outlines of biological nitrogenfixation (symbiotic, non-symbiotic).8 HrsBiofertilizers - Rhizobium.Concept of disease in plants.Symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses.1 Hr1 Hr1 Hr3 HrsPlant diseases caused by fungi (groundnut rust), bacteria (angular leaf spot of cotton) and viruses(tomato leaf curl).3 HrsPrinciples of plant disease control.2 HrsBiological control of plant diseases. Biopesticides – Bacillus thuringiensis, Nuclear polyhedrosis virus(NPV), Trichoderma.2 HrsUNIT – II Environmental Microbiology 23 HrsMicroorganisms of environment (soil, water and air).Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur).2 Hrs4 HrsMicrobial interactions – mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, competition, parasitism, predation.4 HrsMicrobiology of potable and polluted waters. E. coli and Streptococcus faecalis as indicators of waterpollution. Sanitation of potable water.5 HrsSewage treatment (primary, secondary and tertiary).Outlines of biodegradation of environmental pollutants – pesticides.Solid waste disposal – sanitary land fills, composting.Microbiology of air and air sampling methods.2 Hrs2 Hrs2 Hrs2 HrsUNIT – III Food Microbiology 22 HrsMicroorganisms of food spoilage and their sources.Spoilage of different food materials - fruits, vegetables, meat, fish.1073 Hrs3 HrsCanned foods. Food intoxication (botulism and staph poisioning), food-borne diseases (salmonellosisand shigellosis) and their detection.5 HrsGeneral account of food preservation.Microbiological production of fermented foods – bread, cheese, yogurt.Biochemical activities of microbes in milk.2 Hrs3 Hrs2 HrsMicroorganisms as food – SCP, edible mushrooms (white button, oyster and paddy straw).2 Hrs

Concept of probiotics.UNIT – IV Industrial Microbiology 22 Hrs2 HrsMicroorganisms of industrial importance – yeasts, moulds, bacteria, actinomycetes.Screening and isolation of industrially-important microorganisms.Outlines of strain improvement.2 Hrs3 Hrs2 HrsTypes of fermentation – aerobic, anaerobic, batch, continuous, submerged, surface, solid state.Design of a stirred tank reactor fermentor. Fermentation media.4 Hrs3 HrsIndustrial production of alcohols (ethyl alcohol), beverages (beer), enzymes (amylases), antibiotics(penicillin), amino acids (glutamic acid), organic acids (citric acid), vitamins (B12), biofuels (biogas -methane).8 HrsTEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:Stanbury, P.F., Whitaker, A. and Hall, S.J. (1997). Principles of Fermentation Technology, AdityaBooks (P) Ltd. New Delhi.Doyle, M.P., Beuchat, L.R. and Montville, T.J. (1997). Food Microbiology: Fundamentals andFrontiers. ASM Press, Washington D.C., USA.Frazier, W.C. and Westhoff, D.C. (1988). Food Microbiology, Mc Graw-Hill, New York.Jay, J.M. (1996). Modern Food Microbiology, Chapman and Hall, New York.Ray, B. (1996). Fundamentals of Food Microbiology, CRC Press, USA.Subba Rao, N.S. (1993). Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry, 3 rd Edition Oxford & IBHPublishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.Rangaswami, G. and Bhagyaraj, D.J. (2001). Agricultural Microbiology, 2 nd Edition, Prentice Hall ofIndia, New Delhi.Atlas, R.M. and Bartha, R. (1998). Microbial Ecology - Fundamentals and Applications, AddisonWesley Longman, Inc., USAPaul, E.A. and Clark, F.E. (1989). Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry, Academic Press, USA.Lynch, J.M. and Poole, N.J. (1979). Microbial Ecology – A Conceptual Approach, BlackwellScientific Publications, USAAlexander, M. (1985). Introduction to Soil Microbiology, 3 rd Edition. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.Adams, M.R. and Moss, M.O. (1996). Food Microbiology, New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi.Banwart, G.J. (1987). Basic Food Microbiology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.Patel, A.H. (1984). Industrial Microbiology, Mac Milan India Ltd., Hyderabad.Cassida, L.E. (1968). Industrial Microbilogy, Wiley Eastern Ltd. & New Age International Ltd., NewDelhi.Crueger, W. and Crueger, A. (2000). Biotechnology – A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology,Panima Publishing Corporation, New Delhi108

Reed, G. (Ed.) (1987). Prescott & Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology, 4 th Edition, CBS Publishers &Distributors, New Delhi.Subba Rao, N.S. (1999). Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.Reddy, S.R. and Singara Charya, M.A. (2007). A Text Book of Microbiology - AppliedMicrobiology. Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.Singh, R.P. (2007). Applied Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.Demain, A.L. and Davies, J.E. (1999). Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, ASMPress, Washington, D.C., USA.109

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THIRD YEAR PHYSICS SYLLABUSPaper – III: Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics90hrs (3hrs/week)Unit – I23 hrs.1. Electrostatics (10 periods)Gauss law and its applications-Uniformly charged sphere, charged cylindrical conductorand an infinite conducting sheet of charge. Deduction of Coulmb’s law from Gauss lawMechanical force on a charged conductor Electric potential – Potential due to a chargedspherical conductor, , electric field strength from the electric dipole and an infinite line ofcharge. Potential of a uniformly charged circular disc.2. Dielectrics (5 periods)An atomic view of dielectrics, potential energy of a dipole in an electric field.Polarization and charge density, Gauss’s law for dielectric medium– Relation betweenD,E, and P. Dielectric constant, susceptibility and relation between them. Boundaryconditions at the dielectric surface. Electric fields in cavities of a dielectric-needleshaped cavity and disc shaped cavity.3. Capacitance (8 periods)Capacitance of concentric spheres and cylindrical condenser, capacitance of parallelplate condenser with and without dielectric. Electric energy stored in a chargedcondenser – force between plates of condenser, construction and working of attracteddisc electrometer, measurement of dielectric constant and potential difference.Unit – II24 hrs1. Magnetostatics (6 periods)Magnetic shell – potential due to magnetic shell – field due to magnetic shell –equivalent of electric circuit and magnetic shell – Magnetic induction (B) and field (H) –permeability and susceptibility – Hysteresis loop.2. Moving charge in electric and magnetic field (8 periods)Hall effect, cyclotron, synchrocyclotron and synchrotron – force on a current carryingconductor placed in a magnetic field, force and torque on a current loop, Biot –Savart’slaw and calculation of B due to long straight wire, a circular current loop and solenoid.3. Electromagnetic induction (10 periods)Faraday’s law –Lenz’s law – expression for induced emf – time varying magnetic fields– Betatron –Ballistic galvanometer – theory – damping correction – self and mutualinductance, coefficient of coupling, calculation of self inductance of a long solenoid –114

Unit – IIItoroid – energy stored in magnetic field – transformer – Construction, working, energylosses and efficiency.1. Varying and alternating currents (10 periods)20hrsGrowth and decay of currents in LR, CR and LCR circuits – Critical damping.Alternating current relation between current and voltage in pure R,C and L-vectordiagrams – Power in ac circuits. LCR series and parallel resonant circuit – Q-factor.AC & DC motors-single phase, three phase (basics only).2. Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves (10 periods)Unit – IVA review of basic laws of electricity and magnetism – displacement current – Maxwell’sequations in differential form – Maxwell’s wave equation, plane electromagnetic waves– Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Poynting theorem, production ofelectromagnetic waves (Hertz experiment)1. Basic Electronics (15 periods)23 hrsFormation of electron energy bands in solids, classification of solids in terms offorbidden energy gap. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, Fermi level, continuityequation – p-n junction diode, Zener diode characteristics and its application as voltageregulator. Half wave and full wave rectifiers and filters, ripple factor (quantitative) – p np and n p n transistors, current components in transistors, CB,CE and CCconfigurations – transistor hybrid parameters – determination of hybrid parameters fromtransistor characteristics – transistor as an amplifier –– concept of negative feed backand positive feed back – Barkhausen criterion, RC coupled amplifier and phase shiftoscillator (qualitative).2. Digital Principles (8 periods)Binary number system, converting Binary to Decimal and vice versa. Binary additionand subtraction (1’s and 2’s complement methods). Hexadecimal number system.Conversion from Binary to Hexadecimal – vice versa and Decimal to Hexadecimal viceversa.Logic gates: OR,AND,NOT gates, truth tables, realization of these gates using discretecomponents. NAND, NOR as universal gates, Exclusive – OR gate,De Morgan’s Laws – statement and proof, Half and Full adders. Parallel adder circuits.NOTE:Problems should be solved from every chapter of all units.Textbooks1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co. forsemi conductor & Digital Principles)2. Fundamentals of Physics- Halliday/Resnick/Walker - Wiley India Edition 2007.3. Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. II - Electricity and Magnetism – Edward M Purcell –The McGraw-Hill Companies.115

4. Electricity and Magnetism – D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co.5. Electronic devices and circuits – Millman and Halkias. Mc.Graw-Hill Education.6. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir.7. Digital Principles and Applications by A.P. Malvino and D.P. Leach. McGraw HillEducation.Reference Books1. Electricity and Electronics – D.C. Tayal. Himalaya Publishing House.2. Electricity and Magnetism – C.J.Smith. Edward Arnold Ltd.3. Electricity, Magnetism with Electronics – K K Tewari. R.Chand & Co.4. Third year Physics – Telugu Akademy5. Principles of Electronics by V.K. Mehta – S. Chand & Co.116

B.Sc. (Physics)Paper IV: Modern Physics90hrs (3hrs/week)Unit – I25hrs.Atomic Spectra (25 periods)Introduction – Drawbacks of Bohr’s atomic model - Sommerfeld’s elliptical orbits –relativistic correction (no derivation). Stern & Gerlach experiment Vector atom modeland quantum numbers associated with it. L-S and j-j coupling schemes. Spectral terms,selection rules, intensity rules. Spectra of alkali atoms, doublet fine structure. Alkalineearth spectra, singlet and triplet fine structure. Zeeman Effect, Paschen-Back Effectand Stark Effect (basic idea).Molecular Spectroscopy:Types of molecular spectra, pure rotational energies and spectrum of diatomicmolecule, determination of internuclear distance. Vibrational energies and spectrum ofdiatomic molecule. Raman effect, Classical theory of Raman effect. Experimentalarrangement for Raman effect and its applications.Unit – II:25hrs.Quantum Mechanics (25)Inadequacy of classical Physics: (Discussion only)Spectral radiation – Planck’s law. Photoelectric effect – Einstien’s photoelectricequation. Compton’s effect (quantitative) experimental verification. Stability of an atom– Bohr’s atomic theory. Limitations of old quantum theory.Matter Waves:de Broglie’s hypothesis – wavelength of matter waves, properties of matter waves.Phase and group velocities. Davisson and Germer experiment. Double slit experiment.Standing de Brogile waves of electron in Bohr orbits.Uncertainty Principle:Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle for position and momentum (x and p x ), Energy andtime (E and t). Gamma ray microscope. Diffraction by a single slit. Position of electronin a Bohr orbit. Particle in a box. Complementary principle of Bohr.Schrodinger Wave Equation:Schrodinger time independent and time dependent wave equations. Wave functionproperties – Significance. Basic postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators, eigen117

functions and eigen values, expectation values. Application of Schrodinger waveequation to particle in one and three dimensional boxes, potential step and potentialbarrier.Unit – III15 hrsNuclear Physics (15)Nuclear Structure:Basic properties of nucleus – size, charge, mass, spin, magnetic dipole moment andelectric quadrupole moment. Binding energy of nucleus, deuteron binding energy, p-pand n-p scattering (concepts), nuclear forces. Nuclear models – liquid drop model, shellmodel.Alpha and Beta Decays: Range of alpha particles, Geiger – Nuttal law. Gammow’stheory of alpha decay. Geiger – Nuttal law from Gammow’s theory. Beta spectrum –neutrino hypothesis, Fermi’s theory of -decay (qualitative).Nuclear Reactions: Types of nuclear reactions, channels, nuclear reaction kinematics.Compound nucleus, direct reactions (concepts).Nuclear Detectors – GM counter, proportional counter, scintillation counter, Wilsoncloud chamber and solid state detectorUnit – IV25 hrsSolid State Physics (25)Crystal Structure: Crystalline nature of matter. Cystal lattice, Unit Cell, Elements ofsymmetry. Crystal systems, Bravais lattices. Miller indices. Simple crystal structures(S.C., BCC, CsCl, FCC, NaCl diamond and Zinc Blends)X-ray Diffraction: Diffraction of X –rays by crystals, Bragg’s law, Experimentaltechniques - Laue’s method and powder method.Nanomaterials: Introduction, nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, semiconductornanoparticles, carbon clusters, carbon nanotubes, quantum nanostructures – nanodot,nanowire and quantum well. Fabrication of quantum nanostructures.Bonding in Crystals: Types of bonding in crystals – characteristics of crystals withdifferent bindings. Lattice energy of ionic crystals – determination of Medelung constantfor NaCl crystal, calculation of Born coefficient and repulsive exponent. Born – Habercycle.Magnetism: Magnetic properties of dia, para and ferromagnetic materials. Langevin’stheory of paramagnetism. Weiss’ theory of ferromagnetism –Concepts of magneticdomains, antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism ferrites and their applications.Superconductivity:118

Basic experimental facts – zero resistance, effect of magnetic field, Meissner effect,persistent current, Isotope effect Thermodynamic properties, specific heat, entropy.Type I and Type II superconductors.Elements of BCS theory-Cooper pairs. Applications. High temperature superconductors(general information)NOTE:Problems should be solved from every chapter of all units.Textbooks1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas & P. Rajagopal. Eastern Economy Edition.2. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.3. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.4. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.5. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, NewDelhi.6. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand –Himalaya Publishing House.7. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy.8. Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P. Srivastava. (for chapter on nanomaterials)-Prentice-hall of India Pvt. Ltd.Reference Books1. University Physics with Modern Physics by Young & Freedman. A. Lewis Ford. LowPrice Edition (Eleventh Edition).2. Quantum Physics by Eyvind H. Wichman. Volume.4. The McGraw-Hill Companies.3. Quantum Mechanics by Mahesh C. Jani. Eastern Economy Edition.4. Nuclear Physics Irving Kaplan – Narosa Publishing House.5. Introduction to Solid State Physics by Charles Kittel. John Wiley and Sons.6. Solid State Physics by A.J. Dekker. Mac Millan IndiaTHIRD YEAR PRACTICALS90hrs (3hrs/week)Paper – III(At least 12 practicals are to be performed out of 17)1. Carey Foster’s Bridge – comparison of resistances.2. Internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer.3. Figure of merit of a moving coil galvanometer.4. Voltage sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer.5. RC circuit (Frequency response)6. LR circuit (Frequency response)7. LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q-factor8. Power factor of an A.C. circuit119

1209. Determination of ac-frequency-sonometer.10. Design and construction of multimeter.11. Construction of a model D.C. power supply.12. Characteristics of a Junction diode13. Characteristics of Transistor14. Characteristics of Zener diode15. Verification of Kirchoff’s laws.16. Variation of magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current – Stewart –Gees apparatus17. Net Work theorems.

THIRD YEAR PRACTICALS90hrs (3hrs/week)Paper – IV(At least 12 practicals are to be performed out of 18)1. e/m of an electron by Thomson method.2. Energy gap of semiconductor using a junction diode3. Temperature characteristics of thermistor4. R.C. coupled amplifier5. Verification of Logic gates AND, OR NOT, X-OR gates6. Verification of De Morgan’s theorems7. Construction and verification of truth tables for half and full adders.8. Phase shift Oscillator9. Hysteresis curve of transformer core10. Determination of Planck’s constant (photocell)11. Study of spectra of hydrogen spectrum (Rydberg constant)12. Study of absorption of and rays.13. Hall-probe method for measurement of magnetic field.14. Absorption spectrum of iodine vapour.15. Study of alkaline earth spectra using a concave grating.16. V – I Characteristics of a solar cell17. Hartmann’s formula – Prism18. Hartmann’s formula - gratingNot for examination:Servicing of domestic appliances – Electric Iron, immersion heater, fan, hot plate grinder,emergency lamp, battery charger, micro-oven, loud speaker, eliminator, cell-phones, servicingof refrigerator.Suggested Books for Practicals1. A textbook of Practical Physics by M.N. Srinivasan. S. Chand & Co.2. Practical Physics by M. Arul Thakpathi by Comptek Publishers.3. A. Laboratory manual for Physics Course by B.P. Khandelwal.4. B.Sc. Practical Physics – C.L. Arora – S. Chand & Co.5. Viva-voce in Advanced Physics – R.C. Gupta and Saxena P.N. – Pragathi Prakashan,Meerut.6. Viva-Voce in Physics – R.C. Gupta, Pragathi Prakashan, Meerut.121

MODEL PAPERSECTION – A(Essay type questions - 4 x 15 = 60)1. One question from each unit with internal choice.SECTION – B(short questions 5 x 4 = 20)Two questions from each unitTotal questions = 8Answer any 5 questionsAnswer any five questionsTwo problems from each unit.Total: Eight problemsSECTION – CProblems(5 x 4 = 20)Practicals scheme of valuation1. Formula and explanation of symbols - (5 marks)2. Tabular forms with circuit diagram wherever necessary - (5 marks)3. Observations - (15 marks)4. Calculations and graphs - (8 marks)5. Result - (2 marks)6. Viva-voce - (5 marks)7. Practical Record - (10 marks)Total Marks- (50 marks)122

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ANU III Year Zoology Paper-III - Syllabus(Under Modified Curriculum: 2010-11 onwards)Animal Physiology, Genetics, Evolution & ZoogeographyUnit I (23 hrs)1.0. Physiology of Digestion: 5 hrs1.1. Types of digestion – Extra and Intracellular1.2. Digestion of Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Cellulose1.3. Absorption and assimilation of digested food materials1.4. Gastrointestinal hormones – Control of digestion2.0. Physiology of Respiration: 6 hrs2.1. Types of respiration – External and Internal2.2. Structure of mammalian lungs and gaseous exchange2.3. Transport of Oxygen – Formation of oxy-hemoglobin and affinity of hemoglobin foroxygen, and Oxygen-dissociation curves.2.4. Transport of Carbon Dioxide – Chloride shift – Bohr’s effect3.0. Physiology of Circulation: 6 hrs3.1. Open and Closed circulation3.2. Structure of mammalian heart and its working mechanism – Heart beat and Cardiac cycleMyogenic and Neurogenic hearts3.3. Regulation of heart rate – Tachycardia and Bradycardia4.0. Physiology of Excretion: 6 hrs4.1. Definition of Excretion4.2. Forms of Nitrogenous waste materials and their formation, Classification of animals onthe basis of excretory products4.3. Gross organization of mammalian excretory system and structure of kidney4.4. Structure and formation of Nephron - Counter-current mechanismUnit II (22 hrs)5.0. Physiology of Muscle Contraction: 6 hrs5.1. Ultra-structure of Skeletal muscle5.2. Sliding filament mechanism of Muscle contraction5.3. Chemical changes during muscle contraction – Role of calcium, ATP utilization and itsreplenishment6.0. Physiology of Nerve Impulse: 6 hrs6.1. Structure of Nerve cell6.2. Nature of nerve impulse – Resting potential and Action potential, Properties of nerveimpulse, Threshold value, Refractory period, All or none response.6.3. Structure of Synapse – Mechanism of synaptic transmission – Electrical and ChemicalTransmissions7.0. Physiology of Endocrine System: 6 hrs7.1. Pituitary gland and its hormones7.2. Hormones of Pineal gland, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal and Pancreas7.3. Endocrine control of mammalian reproduction – Male and Female hormones – Hormonalcontrol of menstrual cycle in humans148

8.0. Physiology of Homeostasis: 4 hrs8.1. Concept of Homeostasis and its basic working mechanism8.2. Mechanism of Homeostasis – giving three illustrations viz., Hormonal control of glucoselevels, Water and Ionic regulation by freshwater and marine animals, and Temperatureregulation in manUnit III (23 hrs)1.0. Genetics:1.1. Genetic interactions – Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance and Epistasis 6 hrs1.2. Identification of DNA as the genetic material – Griffith’s experiment andHershey- Chase experiment5 hrs1.3. Human Karyotyping, Barr bodies, Lyon’s hypothesis and Amniocentesis 6 hrs1.4. Chromosomal disorders – Autosomal and Allosomal 6 hrsUnit IV (22 hrs)1.0. Organic Evolution:1.1. Genetic basis of Evolution, Gene pool, Gene frequencies, Hardy-Weinberg’s law,Forces of destabilization - Natural selection, Genetic drift, Mutations, Isolation andMigration10 hrs1.2. Speciation – Allopatric and Sympatric 3hrs2.0. Zoogeography:2.1. Climatic and Fuanistic features of Ethiopian, Oriental and Australian regions 9 hrs*****149

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYB. Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION (Examination at the end of Third Year)Part II - Zoology (2010-11 Onwards)Paper III: Animal Physiology, Genetics, Organic Evolution & Zoogeography(Model Question Paper)Time: Three hours Answer All Questions Maximum: 100 marksDraw neat diagrams wherever necessary.SECTION A (Animal Physiology - Unit I)(25 marks)1. (a) Explain the process of digestion and absorption in mammal (17)Or(b) Write an essay on role of blood in the transport of respiratory gases.2. Write short notes on ONE of the following: (8)(a) Myogenic heart(b) Structure of NephronSECTION B (Animal Physiology - Unit II)(25 marks)3. (a) Give an account of hormonal control over the mammalian reproduction (17)Or(b) Describe the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction.4. Write short notes on ONE of the following: (8)(a) Homeostasis(b) Synaptic transmissionSECTION C (Genetics)25 marks)5. (a) Explain the experiments that identified DNA as the genetic material. (17)Or(b) Describe the chromosomal disorders in humans.6. Write short notes on ONE of the following: (8)(a) Codominance(b) Lyon’s hypothesisSECTION D (Organic Evolution & Zoogeography)(25 marks)7. (a) Discuss the fuanistic features of Australian region (17)Or(b) Describe the genetic basis of organic evolution.8. Write short notes on ONE of the following: (8)(a) Wallace line(b) Allopatric species*****150

Guide lines for the Paper Setters:Each of the four Sections (25 marks) of the question paper should have the questions(both essays & short notes) only from each of the respective four Units of the prescribedsyllabus.The questions should convey the same meaning in both Telugu and English media.Any part of essay question should not be repeated as short notes or vice versa.Scope and hours allotted for the topic, and the time required for answering should betaken into consideration while setting a question.The question paper should cover the entire syllabus with due weightage within each unit.151

ANU III Year Zoology Paper-IV - Syllabus(Under Modified Curriculum: 2010-11 onwards)Applied Zoology (Fisheries, Aquaculture, Clinical Science & Biotechnology)Unit –I: Fisheries (22 hrs)1.1. Capture fisheries - Introduction 1 hr1.2. Fishery resources from Freshwater, Brackish water and Marine habitats 5 hrs1.3. Types of fisheries - Finfish and Shellfish fisheries (types only) 3 hrs1.4. Culture Fisheries – Freshwater, Brackish water and Mari cultures (types only) 3 hrs1.5. Fishing gear and Craft 5 hrs1.6. Post-harvest technology: Preservation and processing – Freezing, Solar drying, 5 hrsCanning, Salting and SmokingUnit –II: Aquacutlture (23 hrs)2.1. Aquaculture Systems: Open & Closed; Mono, Poly & Integrated; Pen & Cage, andRe-circulated systems (types only; culture aspect not needed) 3 hrs2.2. Inducing Breeding in Major Carps 3 hrs2.3. Fish Hatchery management – Jar & Chinese Systems 4 hrs2.4. Fish Pond Management - Nursery, Rearing and Stocking ponds 5 hrs2.5. Shrimp culture – Management of Stocking pond 4 hrs2.6. Shrimp Hatchery system, Seed transport, Common larval diseases and control 4 hrs- Luminous bacterial, Filamentous bacterial, Larval mycosis & Black gill disease3.1. Hematology:Unit –III: Clinical Science (22 hrs)3.1.1. Blood Composition and functions 3 hrs3.1.2. Blood Groups (ABO, Rh & MN) and Transfusion problems 3 hrs3.1.3. Blood diseases – Anemia, Leukemia, Leucocystosis & Leucopaenia 3 hrs3.1.4. Biopsy & Autopsy - Clinical importance only 1 hr3.2. Important Human Parasites:3.2.1. Blood parasites - Structure and Clinical significance of Plasmodium 2 hrs3.2.2. Intestinal parasites - Structure and Clinical significance of Entamoebahystolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Taenia solium, Ancylostoma duodenale and Enterobiusvermicularis10 hrsUnit-IV-Animal Biotechnology (23 hrs)4.1. Scope of biotechnology, Cloning, Vectors - characters of vectors, Plasmids 5 hrs4.2. Gene cloning- Enzymatic cleavage of DNA, Restriction Endonucleases and Ligation 6 hrs4.3. Transgenesis and production of Transgenic Animals (Fish and Goat) 6 hrs4.4. Application of Stem Cell Technology in cell based therapy (Diabetes and Parkinson’sdisease)6 hrs152*****

ACHARYA NAGARJUNA UNIVERSITYB. Sc. DEGREE EXAMINATION (Examination at the end of Third Year)Part II - Zoology (2010-11 Onwards)Paper IV: Applied Zoology - Fisheries, Aquaculture, Clinical Science & Biotechnology(Model Question Paper)Time: Three hours Answer All Questions Maximum: 100 marksDraw neat diagrams wherever necessary.SECTION A (Fisheries)(25 marks)1. (a) Give an account of Freshwater Fishery resources of India. 17Or(b) Write an essay on processing and preservation of Cishes.2. Write short notes on ONE of the following: 8(a)(b)MaricultureFishing CraftSECTION B (Aquaculture)(25 marks)3. (a) Write an essay on management of the Shrimp pond. 17Or(b) Describe the process of induced breeding in Major carps.4. Write short notes on ONE of the following: 8(a)(b)Cage cultureTransport of shrimp seedSECTION C (Clinical Science)(25 marks)5. (a) Give an account of ABO blood groups in man and add a note on Transfusionproblems. 17Or(b) Describe the structure and clinical significance of Entamoeba hystolytica.6. Write short notes on ONE of the following: 8(a)Biopsy(b)MalariaSECTION D (Animal Biotechnology)(25 marks)7. (a) Explain the production and importance of the Transgenic fish. 17Or(b) Describe in detail the process of Gene cloning.8. Write short notes on ONE of the following: 8153(a)(b)Role of Biotechnology in human healthParkinson’s disease*****

Guide lines for the Paper Setters:Each of the four Sections (25 marks) of the question paper should have the questions(both essays & short notes) only from each of the respective four Units of the prescribedsyllabus.The questions should convey the same meaning in both Telugu and English media.Any part of essay question should not be repeated as short notes or vice versa.Scope and hours allotted for the topic, and the time required for answering should betaken into consideration while setting a question.The question paper should cover the entire syllabus with due weightage within each unit.154

B. Sc. Zoology Practical Paper III - Syllabus(Under Modified Curriculum: 2010-11 onwards)Animal Physiology & GeneticsAnimal Physiology:1.0. Identification of Organic substances - carbohydrates, proteins and lipids2.0. Unit oxygen consumption in an aquatic animal (fish or crab) – demonstration only3.0. Qualitative analysis of Ammonia, Urea and Uric acid4.0. Demonstration of salivary amylaseGenetics:5.0. ABO blood group identification6.0. Problems based on Blood Grouping7.0. Karyotyping of human chromosomes (Human Karyotyping figure on paper should be cut intodifferent sets of chromosomes and students are asked to arrange in an order and comment on theIdiogram)8.0. Identification of Genetic syndromes given on Charts or PhotographsTime: Three hours*****B. Sc. ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION (At the end of Third Year)(Under Modified Curriculum: 2010-11 onwards)Practical – III (Animal Physiology & Genetics)Model Question Paper1. Identify the Organic substances in the given samples A and B, each with 2 tests.(Sample A – 2 x 2 1\2 = 5 marks and Sample B - 2 x 2 1\2 = 5 marks)2. Identify the Excretory products in the given samples A and B, each with 2 tests.(Sample A – 2 x 2 1\2 = 5 marks and Sample B - 2 x 2 1\2 = 5 marks)Maximum: 50 marks2 x 5 = 10 M2 x 5 = 10 M3. Identify the group (ABO/Rh) of the given sample of Blood 10 M(Procedure - 5M, Observation - 3M & Result - 2M)OrFind the possible blood groups of the Children of “AB” Father and “O” other(Checkered Board showing Genotypes & Phenotypes in F1 – 8M & Result – 2M)4. Human Idiogram/Syndrome: Identify and comment on A & B (Charts/Photographs)(Identification - 1M & Comments - 4M)2 x 5 = 10 M5. Record 10M____Total:50 M155*****

156B. Sc. Zoology Practical Paper IV - Syllabus(Under Modified Curriculum: 2010-11 onwards)Applied Zoology - Fisheries, Aquaculture, Clinical Science & BiotechnologyAquaculture & Fisheries:1.0 . Identification of important freshwater & marine edible fishes (minimum 10)2.0. Identification of important edible prawn/crab/lobster/oyster (minimum 5)Field Work:Filed work is compulsory. Field trip to local fisheries/aquaculture unit is to be conducted andcertified felid note book should be submitted at the time of practical examination. Five marks areallotted for the certified practical record.Clinical Science:3.0. Identification of the following Protozoan parasites:3.1. Entamoeba hystolitica3.2. Giardia intestinalis3.3. Plasmodium - any two stages4.0. Identification of the following Helminth parasites:4.1. Taenia solium – entire, scolex and matured proglottid4.2. Enterobius vermicularis4.3. Ancylostoma duodenale – male and female5.0. Blood Cell Counting (RBC & WBC)6.0. Estimation of Hemoglobin (Sahli’s method)Animal Biotechnology:7.0. Identification of Vectors (Charts or Photographs)8.0. Identification of Genetic disorders (Charts or Photographs)9.0. Identification of Transgenic animals (Charts or Photographs)Time: Three hours*****B. Sc. ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION (At the end of Third Year)(Under Modified Curriculum: 2010-11 onwards)Practical – IV: Applied Zoology(Fisheries, Aquaculture, Clinical Science & Biotechnology)Model Question Paper1. Estimate the quantity of Hemoglobin (percentage/grams) in the given sample of Blood.(Procedure – 6M & Result – 4M)2. Spotters: Identify, draw labeled diagram and write notes on A, B, C, D & E3 from Edible fishes & 2 from Prawn/Crab/Lobster/Oyster(Identification -1M, Diagram -1M & Notes -1M)Maximum: 50 marks10 M5 x 3 = 15 M3. Spotters: Identify, draw diagram and write notes on A, B, C & D2 Parasites, 1 Transgenic animal &1 Genetic disorder (Specimens/Slides/Photos)(Identification - 1M, Diagram - 1|2M & Notes - 1M)4 x 2 1\2 = 10 M4. Record + Field Record (10M + 5M) 15 M____Total:50 M