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Text UET II: 95 then displays a subscript of še gu 7 AB, "grainconsumed in the AB (building or institution)". Interestingly, this textrefers both to AB and to URI 5 (= ŠEŠ.AB). Lines 1-3 of the sametext say: 73 (gur?) šam 2 babir 2 (NINDA 2 ×ŠIM), AB, urim 5 ="73 (Kor?of grain) as price for sourdough (for the production of beer) (for) AB(and) Ur."Another text, UET II: 93, gives us the following formula: ii 3-4: 10KAL inda 3 , 1 dug AB. Then comes ii 5-7: 10 KAL inda 3 , 1 dug urim 5 ,AN E 2 . Is AN É a name? Should we read it é dingir "house ofgod(s)"? The interpretation as a name may safely be excluded sincethe term appears only here, whereas all important persons appearmore often in similar contexts. So it must be e 2 diŋir "the temple(s)of the god(s)". The whole can then be rendered as: Expenditure for:"Temples of the gods in the AB and in Ur".Well then, is AB a temple? We have no evidence of offering todeities being brought or made there. The name of Nanna appears inthe field-name "field of Nanna”, and the high priestess of this god,bearing the title zirru, is attested, too. Usually, land was given overto temples by the palace which managed it. AB and Urim in UET II:95 may thus be explained as "palace and city”, similarly as in Eblawhere we find the formula sa.za x wa Ibla, "Palace and Ebla”.I thus believe that the AB does not represent the temple of Nanna,but a precinct within the city of Ur. It would seem to me thatreferences to institutional consumption in Ur texts relate to that ofthe AB. This, in fact, is not contradicted by other documents. Text348 shows the following subscript: /x\ AB e 2 lugal,MUNUS.MAŠ?.NANNA.ZI (= zirru), being x "precinct, house of theking, the highpriestess (of Nanna)”. Text UET II: 112 gives, in a listof persons, nu-bànda é-gal, "lieutenant of the palace”.The PA.SI, or PA.SI urim 5 (= énsi), referred to in a group of texts, 37may then mean something like "mayor", as the lexeme turns up withtoponyms known to have designated fields.Let me now present my conclusion on the whole Ur arrangement.The palace, situated in the AB, "royal precinct", which included theactual residence or seat of the king, was managed by the sanga. Thegovernment of the city of Ur then belonged to the énsi, "mayor".The archaic Ur texts represent the regional perspective, while theCity-league seals visualize connections of Ur within southernMesopotamia. Piotr Steinkeller believes that in the time of archaic37 UET II: 83 i 2, UET II: 86 i 2, UET II: 88 i 3.34
Ur, the shipments of goods marked by the rosette still went toInanna in Uruk, 38 but as most of the CLS are on doors, it is difficultto see how could such deliveries be leaving Ur.I propose that the king (lugal), residing in the inner quarters of thePrecinct, took responsibility for political decisions. The City and theadjacent settlements in its rural hinterland fell under the sway ofthe énsis and behaved like autonomous political entities, but theiragricultural activities were managed by the royal quarter. So ourinvestigation of the archaic texts from Ur leads to the followingreconstruction of three levels of political institutions, visiblethrough the documents of the middle level, the Royal quarter, AB:- * King in inner quarter: political decisions for state, palaceeconomy, palace goods- Royal quarter, AB: manages city state, especially agriculturalproducts, cares for feed of people attached to it (bread and beertexts)- * City of Ur and smaller settlements of the city state under theirrespective ensi 2 's, managed by royal quarter concerningagriculture, but autonomous political entitiesReferencesCharvát, Petr (1979):Early Ur, in: "Archív Orientální” 47, 15-20.Charvát, Petr (1997):On people, signs and states - Spotlights on Sumerian Society, c.3500-2500 B.C., The Oriental Institute, Academy of Sciences ofthe Czech Republic, Prague.Hallo, William W. (1957):Early Mesopotamian Royal Titles, American Oriental Society, NewHaven, Conn..38 Steinkeller 2002.35
Page 3 and 4: Shepherds of the Black-headed Peopl
Page 7 and 8: ContentsPreface ...................
Page 10 and 11: from October 5 th to October 7 th ,
Page 13: The third millennium
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionArchaeological data con
Page 19: etween SIS 6 and 5 which comprise t
Page 22 and 23: What informations on the organizati
Page 24 and 25: and seal impressions found therein
Page 26 and 27: oriented towards a treelike element
Page 28 and 29: for rolling its surface on the clay
Page 30 and 31: Matthews, Donald M. (1997):The earl
Page 33 and 34: The city and the palace at archaic
Page 35: sanctuary and saŋŋa a priest. Cha
Page 39: Otto: However, in later periods of
Page 42 and 43: On the other hand, Richard Zettler,
Page 44 and 45: UE III : 43,found in SIS 7UE III: 4
Page 46 and 47: UE III: 105(ms)UE III: 134UE III: 1
Page 48 and 49: dignitary?)UE III: 442 "lock" 0 dig
Page 50 and 51: UE III: 91 (ms)"lock" onwattle wall
Page 52 and 53: een sealed(RA); KISALMatthews1993,
Page 54 and 55: UE III: 412 ?? 0 GU, 84 Larsa,AB?,
Page 56 and 57: (SIS 4)rosetteMatthews1993, No. 40(
Page 58 and 59: UE III: 142 container (pot) 0 GADA(
Page 60 and 61: coveringUE III: 464reed mattingpack
Page 62 and 63: UE III: 257container(storage jar)0
Page 64 and 65: UE III: 437?reed fastening counterm
Page 66 and 67: procreative force. This seems to me
Page 68 and 69: As to the purpose of the deliveries
Page 70 and 71: Charvát, Petr (2006):"Hail, Thou s
Page 72 and 73: Rosengarten, Yvonne (1960):Le conce
Page 74 and 75: ZATU:Hans-Jörg Nissen, Margaret Gr
Page 77 and 78: Naram-Sin’s deificationPavel Krá
Page 79 and 80: (made) the god of their city, and t
Page 81 and 82: Empire”. 152 Since the patron dei
Page 83 and 84: could help us to better understand
Page 85 and 86: above, at Tell Brak were found bric
Page 87 and 88:
we consider the fact that somebody
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DiscussionSallaberger: How do we, i
Page 92 and 93:
Despite all the references to Šulg
Page 94 and 95:
of the state, especially to the god
Page 96 and 97:
3) Šulgi F (HS 1411 = TMH NF 4 11,
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Therefore, I agree with Klein that
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There are also other, though more a
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39 called you by the name: ‘Youth
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Nippur and Ur on a single day (Š6/
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meant to mark the shift of Šulgi
Page 108 and 109:
Flückiger-Hawker, Esther (1999):Ur
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Römer, Willem H. Ph. (1969):"Köni
Page 113:
The second millennium
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period by the historians, which com
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His study The Economic Role of the
Page 120 and 121:
"Zudem wurden die babylonischen St
Page 122 and 123:
supported by the neighboring cities
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available. 255 The numbers of texts
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abi and inherited by his son Samsu-
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ReferencesEdzard, Dietz Otto (2004)
Page 130 and 131:
Sallaberger: Could the military und
Page 132 and 133:
A. The iconographyAs is customary o
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seated%121086seated%420Sli Sa AS Sm
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60504030mace%smiting%20100Sli Sa AS
Page 138 and 139:
Which can be expressed in the follo
Page 140 and 141:
The fifth of the first sangas, Annu
Page 142 and 143:
V. Annum-pī-Aja Aja Sm-Ḫa 18Ḫa
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7. Sîn-bani ḪammurabiḪa 30 - 3
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Pientka, R. (1998):Die Spätaltbaby
Page 149 and 150:
Esarhaddon’s accession to the Ass
Page 151 and 152:
FatherBut the most important person
Page 153 and 154:
this solution was considered to be
Page 155 and 156:
circumstances that made Sennacherib
Page 157 and 158:
ecame an official queen neither she
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which is addressed to the wife of f
Page 161 and 162:
mangu was certainly the skin diseas
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scenario is that the king realized
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guarding some temple. 400 Neverthel
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crossed Tigris, on 8 th Addaru he v
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members of a few prominent families
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The appointment of the crown prince
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prince, and, shortly after the deat
Page 175 and 176:
Baker, H. D. (ed.) (2001):The Proso
Page 177 and 178:
Lukko, M.; Buylaere, G. Van (2002):
Page 179:
SAA Online: (29 th September2010)Sa
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Fig. 1: Assyrian relief from Nineve
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periods constituted the target of o
Page 186 and 187:
Fig. 2: Archaeological map of Arbil
Page 188:
Nováček: In fact, they could take
Page 192 and 193:
Arda-Mullissi (or Urdu-Mullissu,Ura
Page 194 and 195:
door peg 41; 45; 46; 48; 49; 51;53;
Page 196 and 197:
Išbi-Erra 120Isin 64; 90; 102; 120
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Nineveh 22; 149; 150; 153; 156;159;
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storage 23; 36; 39; 42; 43; 47;54;
Page 203 and 204:
BibliographyAlberti Amedeo, Pomponi
Page 205 and 206:
Borger, R.; Hinz, W.; Römer, W. H,
Page 207 and 208:
Dahl, Jacob (2006):Revisiting B a l
Page 209 and 210:
Frayne, D. (1993):Sargonic and Guti
Page 211 and 212:
Hunger, H. (1992):Astrological Repo
Page 213 and 214:
LAK: Anton Deimel:Die Inschriften v
Page 215 and 216:
Melville, S. C. (1999):The Role of
Page 217 and 218:
Parpola, S., Watanabe, K. (1988):Ne
Page 219 and 220:
Rosengarten, Yvonne (1960):Le conce
Page 221 and 222:
Starr, I. (1990):Queries to the Sun
Page 223 and 224:
UE III:Leon Legrain: Ur Excavations
Page 225:
Woods, Christopher (2005a):On the E
Page 228 and 229:
BEThe Babylonian Expedition of the
Page 230 and 231:
LAS IParpola, S., Letters from Assy
Page 232 and 233:
SAOCStudies in Ancient Oriental Civ
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