Water management in irrigated rice - Rice Knowledge Bank ...
Water management in irrigated rice - Rice Knowledge Bank ...
Water management in irrigated rice - Rice Knowledge Bank ...
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ContentsPreface1 <strong>Rice</strong> and water 11.1 <strong>Rice</strong> environments 11.2 Irrigated lowlands 11.3 The <strong>rice</strong> field and its water balance 11.4 Groundwater under <strong>rice</strong> fields 51.5 <strong>Rice</strong> water productivity 51.6 Global <strong>rice</strong> water use 71.7 <strong>Water</strong> scarcity <strong>in</strong> <strong>rice</strong>-grow<strong>in</strong>g areas 82 The plant-soil-water system 112.1 <strong>Water</strong> movement <strong>in</strong> the soil-plant- 11atmosphere cont<strong>in</strong>uum2.2 The <strong>rice</strong> plant and drought 143 Cop<strong>in</strong>g with water scarcity 173.1 Land preparation 173.1.1 Field channels 173.1.2 Land level<strong>in</strong>g 173.1.3 Tillage: reduc<strong>in</strong>g soil 17permeability3.1.4 Bund preparation and 18ma<strong>in</strong>tenance3.2 Crop establishment 183.3 Crop growth period. 193.3.1 Saturated soil culture 193.3.2 Alternate wett<strong>in</strong>g and 19dry<strong>in</strong>giv3.3.3 The System of <strong>Rice</strong> 22Intensification3.4 Aerobic <strong>rice</strong> 233.4.1 Raised beds 273.4.2 Conservation agriculture 283.5 What option where? 293.6 Susta<strong>in</strong>ability 324 Ecosystem services and 35the environment4.1 Ecosystem services 354.2 Environmental impacts 364.2.1 Ammonia volatilization 364.2.2 Greenhouse gases 364.2.3 <strong>Water</strong> pollution 364.3 Effects of water scarcity 375 Irrigation systems 395.1 <strong>Water</strong> flows <strong>in</strong> irrigation systems 395.2 Field versus irrigation system level 415.3 Integrated approaches 415.4 Irrigation system <strong>management</strong> 425.5 Irrigation system design 43Appendix: Instrumentation 45A.1 Field water tube 45A.2 Groundwater tube 46References 49iii