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Hadronic production of a Higgs boson in association with two jets at ...

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2.1. Unitarity 33four dimensional cuts are only sensitive to terms <strong>of</strong> the form c 0 I 0 . The miss<strong>in</strong>gpieces, which are <strong>of</strong> higher order <strong>in</strong> ǫ <strong>in</strong> the coefficient contribute f<strong>in</strong>ite pieces whenmultiply<strong>in</strong>g the pole pieces <strong>of</strong> the <strong>in</strong>tegral. This is why they can be thought <strong>of</strong> ashav<strong>in</strong>g no discont<strong>in</strong>uities <strong>in</strong> the k<strong>in</strong>em<strong>at</strong>ic <strong>in</strong>variants (but can still be detected byD-dimensional cuts).The separ<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>in</strong>to r<strong>at</strong>ional and cut-constructible pieces leads to divide andconquer str<strong>at</strong>egies for methods which rely on four-dimensional cuts. Unitarity techniquescan be used to calcul<strong>at</strong>e the cut-constructible pieces leav<strong>in</strong>g the r<strong>at</strong>ionalpieces to be determ<strong>in</strong>ed by some other method. For amplitudes <strong>in</strong> N = 4 andN = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theories, no additional methods areneeded, s<strong>in</strong>ce these amplitudes are completely determ<strong>in</strong>ed by their four-dimensionalcuts [110,111]. This realis<strong>at</strong>ion has led to many calcul<strong>at</strong>ions <strong>of</strong> amplitudes <strong>in</strong> thesetheories [110–116]. In addition to be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> their own right, these amplitudescan be used to construct gluonic amplitudes. If one comb<strong>in</strong>es one N = 4multiplet (which conta<strong>in</strong>s one gluon four fermions and three complex scalars), <strong>with</strong>four N = 1 chiral multiplets (each one conta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g one fermion and one complexscalar) one f<strong>in</strong>ds th<strong>at</strong>A gluonn = A N=4n − 4A N=1n + An N=0,scalar(2.3)Here the gluon loop is represented <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> <strong>two</strong> pieces which are cut-constructibleand one piece which conta<strong>in</strong>s a complex scalar. This last piece, although not cutconstructible<strong>in</strong> four-dimensions, is simpler than the <strong>in</strong>itial gluon loop. Importantly,the r<strong>at</strong>ional pieces can be thought <strong>of</strong> aris<strong>in</strong>g from diagrams which conta<strong>in</strong> scalars,r<strong>at</strong>her than gluons, circul<strong>at</strong><strong>in</strong>g around the loop. The piece <strong>of</strong> gluon amplitudes whicharises from a fermion loop (and is proportional to the number <strong>of</strong> light flavours N F )has a similar breakdown.A gluon,N Fn = A N=1n − An N=0,scalar(2.4)So th<strong>at</strong> the r<strong>at</strong>ional parts <strong>of</strong> pure gluonic amplitudes are always proportional to(1 − N F /N C ) (which will be useful <strong>in</strong> l<strong>at</strong>er chapters).The unitarity method as described above (<strong>with</strong> various techniques to determ<strong>in</strong>e

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