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94 STEVEN TÖTÖSY de ZEPETNEKNotes1. My own, somewhat narrow theoretical framework of feminist literary criticism is briefly asfollows: 1) the critical assessment of the difference between the depiction/description of the maleand the female in literature and how women are perceived/described by male and femaleauthors; 2) the critical appraisal when, where, and how new image(s) of women appear inliterature (Wittmann); and 3) the analysis of literary texts from a point of view that takesexplicitly into account the above first two areas.2. Although an important question, I would like to avoid here the problem of "male" feministcriticism. I take the position that it is possible for a man to have a feminist point of view. Thata "male" feminist point of view is possible, indeed, necessary, I postulated in In 1991: AManifesto of Gender Responsibility (1991).3. The only translation of Kaffka's works, her short stories, is in Russian and a recent translationof her novel Színek és évek is into Italian not yet published.4. Although, for example, Anna Földes' Kaffka Margit: Pályakép (1987) is still in no way anevaluation of Kaffka's works from a feminist point of view, it at least recognizes the patriarchalideology prominent in the critical corpus on Kaffka. For example: "A kritikusokat megintelsősorban Kaffka témaválasztása, női látásmódja irritálja. Szemére vetik - nem teljesenalaptalanul - hogy férfi hőseit is nő szemszögéből nézi. Ami fordítva évszázadokon át nemokozott az irodalom történetében gondot, egyszer csak a realizmus megengedhetetlensérelmének, elfogultságának tekintendő" ("The critics are again, in the first instance irritatedby Kaffka's choice of theme and female [N.B. not 'feminisf] point of view. They reproach her- not without reason - for viewing her male protagonists from a female angle. What has notcaused a problem for centuries in the history of literature, suddenly becomes an unforgivableaffront towards realism and it is viewed as a biased (prejudiced) position") (123). Althoughbeyond the scope of this article, I question Földes's assessment of the male critical writings onKafka. Földes's insertion of "not without reason" is curious; does this mean agreement withthese critics?5. The most explicit reference to a feminist point of view is in Lóránt Czigány's The OxfordHistory of Hungarian Literature, in the chapter "The Writers of the Nyugat" under the heading"3. Women in Revolt: Margit Kaffka" (333-36).6. For a recent treatment of Kaffka and Richardson see Livia K. Wittmann, "Desire in FeministNarration: Reading Margit Kaffka and Dorothy Richardson," Canadian Review of ComparativeLiterature I Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 21. 3 (September 1994): forthcoming.7. To the trilogy of Richardson's Pilgrimage 1, with the novels Pointed Roofs (1915), Backwater(1916), and Honeycomb (1917).8. The story, until this time occurring in a provincial town, now depicts the urban environment ofthe capital.9. In Hungarian, the speaker is using the medieval term "asszonyi állat". In English, thetranslation of this term would be "the female animal." I found this linear translation too strong- although it corresponds to what the speaker says - and chose "female," in context alsoconnotating a negative perspective.
MARGIT KAFFKA AND DOROTHY RICHARDSON: A COMPARISON 95Works CitedBodnár, György, A "mese" lélekvándorlása. A modern magyar elbeszélés születése, Budapest:Szépirodalmi, 1988.Brunauer, Dalma H., "A Woman's Self-Liberation: The Story of Margit Kaffka (1880-1918),"Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies V.2 (Fall 1978): 31-42.—. "The Woman Writer in a Changing Society," Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 9. 3-4.(1982).Czigány, Lóránt, "Women in Revolt: Margit Kaffka" in The Oxford History of HungarianLiterature, Oxford: Clarendon, 1984. 333-36.Földes, Anna, Kaffka Margit: Pályakép, Budapest: Kossuth, 1987.Fromm, Gloria G., Dorothy Richardson: A Biography, Urbana-Chicago-London: U of Illinois P,1977.Fülöp, László, Kaffka Margit, Budapest: Gondolat, 1988.Hanscombe, Gillian E., "Introduction," Dorothy Richardson. Pilgrimage 1, Urbana and Chicago:U of Illinois P, 1979. 1-7.—. The Art of Life: Dorothy Richardson and the Development of Feminist Consciousness,London-Boston: Peter Owen, 1982.Kaffka, Margit, Színek és évek, Két nyár in Kaffka Margit regényei, Budapest: Szépirodalmi, 1962.I 53-322. II 513-86.Kemény, Gábor, "Kaffka Margit és a szociális lelkiismeret", Korunk IV (1929): 108-13. Klaniczay,Tibor, ed., "Margit Kaffka (1880-1918)," A History of Hungarian Literature, Budapest:Corvina, 1982. 381-83.Nemeskürly, István, "Kaffka Margit," Diák, írj magyar éneket. A magyar irodalom története1945-ig, Budapest: Gondolat, 1985. II 698-701.Schöpflin, Aladár, "Kaffka Margit" [1913], Magyar írók. Irodalmi arcképek és tollrajzok,Budapest: Nyugat, 1919. 164-174.Staley, Thomas F., Dorothy Richardson, Boston: Twayne, 1976.Szabolcsi, Miklós, ed., A magyar irodalom története 1905-től 1909-ig, Budapest: Akadémiai, 1965.216-42.Reményi, Joseph, "Margit Kaffka, Poet and Novelist, 1880-1918," Hungarian Writers andLiterature, New Brunswick-New Jersey: Rutgers UP, 1964. 284-91.Richardson, Dorothy, Pilgramage 1. Pointed Roofs (15-185), Backwater (189-346), Honeycomb(349-490), Urbana and Chicago: U of Illinois P, 1979.Russ, Joanna, "What Can a Heroine Do, or Why Women Can't Write," Susan K. Cornillon, ed.,Images of Women in Fiction: Feminist Perspectives, Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green UPopular P, 1973. 3-26.Tötösy de Zepetnek, Steven, "In 1991: A Manifesto of Gender Responsibility," Men's StudiesReview 8. 2 (Spring 1991): 16-18.Uglow, Jennifer S., comp, and ed. "Kaffka, Margit (1880-1918)," The Macmillan Dictionary ofWomen's Biography, London: Macmillan, 1982.Wittmann, Livia K., "Feministische Literaturkritik - ein Ansatz der vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft,"Comparative Literary Studies: Essays Presented to György Mihály Vajda, Szeged:József Attila Tudományegyetem, 1983. 117-28.—. "Desire in Feminist Narration: Reading Margit Kaffka and Dorothy Richardson," CanadianReview of Comparative Literature I Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 21. 3 (September1994): 399-415.
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MURDER IN THE MOUNTAINS 159Abády,
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CONTRIBUTORSMiklós BÁNFFYLászló
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