<strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> is the high quality of the residents and fellows. They are the true engine of <strong>Bascom</strong><strong>Palmer</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>.”New DiscoveriesThe 1980s was a decade of continued growth in clinical services and education programs, with anemphasis on basic scientific research in several new areas. The arrival of laser surgery opened the doorto more effective vision correction and many other types of treatment. <strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong>’s reputation forhigh quality clinical care continued to grow and, for the first time, the <strong>Institute</strong> was ranked the #1 eyehospital in the United States in a 1984 survey of ophthalmologists by Good Housekeeping.1989Target pressurePaul F. Palmberg, M.D., Ph.D., coins theterm “target pressure” in the AmericanAcademy of Ophthalmology’s guide toglaucoma treatment.1991John G. Clarkson, M.D.,Norton stepsdown as chairmanafter 33 yearsat the helm andClarkson is namedas the secondchairman of<strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong><strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>.1991Macular holesurgeryWilliam Smiddy,M.D., <strong>Bascom</strong><strong>Palmer</strong> vitreoretinalspecialist,is among the firstphysicians toperform surgeryto close amacular hole.12
In 1982, <strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong>’s clinicians performedapproximately 4,000 laser procedures.featureAt this time, <strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong>’s researchers were studying how to use lasers to cut corneal tissue,treat diseased tissue inside the eye and prevent the growth of abnormal scar tissue or tumor cellsinside the eye. Meanwhile, <strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong>’s clinicians were quick to put this advanced technology toclinical use. In 1982, they performed approximately 4,000 laser procedures. Ophthalmologists beganusing the excimer laser to reshape the cornea in a procedure known as photorefractive keratectomy.Lasers helped <strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong>’s physicians treat many other types of vision problems. By theearly 1990s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had approved clinical trials with lasersfor correcting nearsightedness, farsightedness and astigmatism. FDA approval for LASIK and otherrefractive surgeries came in 1995.In 1988, Clarkson directed a multicenter central vein occlusion study, examining a retinal disorderthat causes bleeding from retinal blood vessels. Funded by the National <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> (NEI), the studylooked at whether early photocoagulation (laser) therapy was the best treatment to prevent furthercomplications and loss of vision.Meanwhile, Knighton was conducting laboratory research on the retinal nerve fiber layer, whichis damaged by glaucoma at an early stage well before the loss of visual sensitivity. His work led theway to better explanations of why some nerve bundles worked better than others. “There is a hugebenefit to being a researcher in a clinical department,” said Knighton. “You can interact with thephysicians and learn what would be most useful to them. Later on, you can see the results of yourlaboratory work being put into practice in the patients’ eye clinics.”After joining the faculty in 1986, Eduardo C. Alfonso, M.D., focused his research and clinicalactivities on corneal transplants, infections of the cornea and ocular pathology. Alfonso became medicaldirector of the ocular microbiology laboratory and began studying artificial corneas, which could beused for patients awaiting transplants in developing nations where donor tissue is often scarce.Advances in <strong>Eye</strong> CareSoon after David T. Tse, M.D., joined the <strong>Bascom</strong> <strong>Palmer</strong> faculty in 1986, he was faced with anextremely challenging case. A 21-year-old patient was facing a deadly cancerous tumor in the tearproducinglacrimal gland that extended all the way into his brain. “Based on actuarial data at thattime, 80 percent of all patients with this lethal orbital tumor would die within ten years,” said Tse.“We decided to try something new in order save this young man’s life.”1991 FactsNumber of patients103,6200Surgical procedures8,3691993William W.Culbertson,M.D.,identifies theherpes virus asa cause of acuteretinal necrosis,a devastatinginfection of theretina.1993Janet Davis, M.D., M.A.leads the fight to savevision in AIDS-relatedeye disease.13