139736eo.pdf (20MB) - Japan Oceanographic Data Center
139736eo.pdf (20MB) - Japan Oceanographic Data Center 139736eo.pdf (20MB) - Japan Oceanographic Data Center
Figure 6 Average wind stress curl for July 1979in N/m3. Negative values aredashed. (From WYLIE and HINTON, 1982).51
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE NORTHERNINDIAN OCEAN - A PERSPECTIVEV.V. VARADACHARINational Institute of OceanographyDona Paula, 403 004 GoaIndiaABSTRACTThe northern Indian Ocean, including the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the adjacentgulfs, is unique in respect of its physical oceanography and meteorology because of the monsoons.Nowhere else does the Ocean undergo such regular, widespread and large-scale seasonal changesin wind forcing and consequent changes in the characteristics of the ocean, especially thecirculation. The uniqueness of the northern Indian Ocean and the monsoons led to severalinternational expeditions such as IIOE, ISMEX, MONEX etc., which provided basic data on theoceanography and meteorology of the area. In spite of all these expeditions, our knowledge of thearea is still quite meagre.In order to understand the interannual variability of the monsoons and the mechanisms thatdetermine their variability and predictability, several components have been identified in the TOGA(Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere) and WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment)programme defined by CCCO (the Joint SCOR-IOC Committee on Climatic Changes and theOcean) for the northern Indian Ocean. Some of the important elements of the programmes are theseasonal cycles of the Somali current system and the equatorial current system, the Arabian Seasurface temperature variations, cross-equatorial fluxes, the surface-layer dynamics, the exchangeof energy between the ocean and the atmosphere etc. The sea-level variations, the dynamics ofeddies and the transport processes, vertical and horizontal mixing, temperature and salinitydistribution and the upwelling dynamics of the area are also of significance in our understanding ofthe interannual variability of the monsoons. The monsoon-dependent ocean circulation and otherphysical characteristics of the waters of the area have important impacts on other characteristics,such as biological productivity, distribution of nutrients, etc.In addition to the climatic variability of the area, studies on problems such as the genesis ofcyclones in the Bay of Bengal, storm surges on the east coast of India, etc., will be of great interestand importance.53
- Page 1 and 2: Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com
- Page 3 and 4: of the IOC Marine Pollution Monitor
- Page 5: PageMARGINAL SEASSTORM SURGES IN TH
- Page 9 and 10: Marine PollutionAt present, marine
- Page 11 and 12: THE INDIAN OCEAN --- AN ENVIRONMENT
- Page 13 and 14: The subtropical anticyclonic gyre i
- Page 15 and 16: GEOLOGICALBecause of its asymmetric
- Page 17 and 18: RADIOACTIVE AND THERMAL WASTESIn co
- Page 19 and 20: RESEARCH AND MONITORING ACTIVITIESM
- Page 21 and 22: 2-5, Mn 3-7, Zn 8-31, Fe 35-94, Pb
- Page 23 and 24: Localized problems, both short-term
- Page 25 and 26: HOLEMAN, J.N. (1968). The sediment
- Page 28 and 29: UNEP/UNIDO (1982a). Industrial sour
- Page 30 and 31: 0-5-24 -I I I I I I I I I 11--25- A
- Page 32 and 33: I*in '0( U N '0- '0 '0 N , p d'0I I
- Page 34: C'EO IIFigure 6. Observations of oi
- Page 38 and 39: Table 2.Ranges of Dissolved heavy m
- Page 40 and 41: d.2 W2n2 n z0U.IzIO N m mENmIYEE*Ed
- Page 42 and 43: Table 6. Population and related dat
- Page 44 and 45: PROBLEMS IN THE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAP
- Page 46: B2: How does the Agulhas Current in
- Page 50 and 51: 0Q0mbWbvx(U49
- Page 54 and 55: THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TETHYS AND P
- Page 56 and 57: part of the Seychelles-Mascarene bl
- Page 58 and 59: Much of the old Tethys seafloor has
- Page 60 and 61: when there was little or no movemen
- Page 62 and 63: scouring of the sediments by cold b
- Page 64 and 65: CANDE, S.C. and MUTTER, J.C. (1982)
- Page 66: SHACKLETON, N.J. and KENNETT, J.P.
- Page 71 and 72: 0EYNz 10c2XaYWeKB20LuUz a5 cl300 10
- Page 75: CALCAREOUS FORAMINIFERANANNOFOSSIL
- Page 79 and 80: GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF T
- Page 81 and 82: The latest tectonic generalization
- Page 83 and 84: LE PICHON, X. and HEIRTZLER, J.R. (
- Page 85 and 86: AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT
- Page 87 and 88: is the specific volume anomaly. Po
- Page 89 and 90: circulation. At Nagappattinam, Madr
- Page 91 and 92: Table 1.MarmagaoCochin1969-781958-7
- Page 93 and 94: tFigure 2. An idealized coastal cur
- Page 95 and 96: STATION : BOMBAY~ J , F I M .- , A
- Page 97 and 98: STATION : COCHIN, J , F , M , A , M
- Page 99 and 100: 3007STATION : MADRASI J I F , M I A
- Page 101 and 102: STATION : CALCUTTA, J l F , M , A ,
Figure 6 Average wind stress curl for July 1979in N/m3. Negative values aredashed. (From WYLIE and HINTON, 1982).51