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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe writers wish to thank Mrs. Coralie Wallace for assistance in preparation of the diagrams.REFERENCESANON (1966). Bay of Bengal Pilot. Hydrographer of the Navy, London, 21 pp.CHAKRAVORTTY, K.C. and BASU, S.C. (1956). How to predict recurvature of storms in theBay of Bengal. In: Proceedings of the Tropical Cyclone Symposium, Brisbane, December1956. pp. 359-365. Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia.COHEN, S.P. and RAGHAVULU, C.V. (1979). The Andhra Cyclone of 1977, Individual andInstitutional Responses to Mass Death. Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 131P.DAS, P.K., MIYAZAKI, M. and JELESNIANSKI, C.P. (1978). Present techniques of storm surgeprediction. Report No. 500, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 87 pp.DUNN, G.E. (1962). The tropical cyclone problem in East Pakistan. Monthly Weather Review, 91,83-86.ELIOT, J. (1900). Handbook of cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal, 2 vols. Government of IndiaMeteorological Dept., Calcutta.FLIERL, G.R. and ROBINSON, A.R. (1972). Deadly surges in the Bay of Bengal: Dynamics andstorm tide tables. Nature, 239, 213-215.FRANK, N.L. and HUSSAIN, S.A. (1971). The deadliest tropical cyclone in history. Bulletin ofthe American Meteorological Society, 57,438-444.MOOLEY, D.A. (1980). Severe cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal, 1877-1977. Monthly WeatherReview, 108, 1647-1655.MOOLEY, D.A. and MOHILE, C.M. (1983). A study of the cyclonic storms incident on the differentsections of the coast around the Bay of Bengal. Mausam, 34, 139-152.MOWLA, K.G. (1968). Cyclogenesis in the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. Tellus, 20, 151-162.MURTY, T.S. (1984). Storm Surges - Meteorological Ocean Tides. Bulletin No. 12, CanadianJournal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 897 pp.MURTY, T.S. and HENRY, R.F. (1983). Recommendations for improving storm surge predictionin the Bay of Bengal area. Report to WMO-ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones, 11 pp.MURTH, T.S., FLATHER, R.A. and HENRY, R.F. (1986). The storm surge problem in the Bay ofBengal. Progress in Oceanography, 66, 195-233.PROUDMAN, J. (1929). The effects on the sea of changes in atmospheric pressure. MonthlyNotices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Geophysical Supplement, 2, 197-209.RAGHAVENDRA, V.K. (1973). A statistical analysis of the number of tropical storms anddepressions in the Bay of Bengal during 1890 to 1969. Indian Journal of Meteorology andGeophysics, 24, 125-130.209
RAO, N.S.B. (1968). On some aspects of local and tropical storms in the Indian area. Ph.D. thesis,University of Jadavapur, India, 262 pp.RATNAM, V. and NAYAR, P.S. (1966). Floods due to storm surges associated with cyclonicstorms. Indian Journal of Meteorology and Geophysics, 17,333-346.SHAH, B.V. (1983). Is the environment becoming more hazardous - A global survey 1947 to1980. Disasters, 7, No. 3, 202-209.WHITE, G.F. and HASS, J.E. (1975). Assessment of research on natural hazards. M.I.T. Press,Cambridge, MA, 487 pp.210
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Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com
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of the IOC Marine Pollution Monitor
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PageMARGINAL SEASSTORM SURGES IN TH
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Marine PollutionAt present, marine
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THE INDIAN OCEAN --- AN ENVIRONMENT
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The subtropical anticyclonic gyre i
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GEOLOGICALBecause of its asymmetric
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RADIOACTIVE AND THERMAL WASTESIn co
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RESEARCH AND MONITORING ACTIVITIESM
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2-5, Mn 3-7, Zn 8-31, Fe 35-94, Pb
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Localized problems, both short-term
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HOLEMAN, J.N. (1968). The sediment
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UNEP/UNIDO (1982a). Industrial sour
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0-5-24 -I I I I I I I I I 11--25- A
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I*in '0( U N '0- '0 '0 N , p d'0I I
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C'EO IIFigure 6. Observations of oi
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Table 2.Ranges of Dissolved heavy m
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d.2 W2n2 n z0U.IzIO N m mENmIYEE*Ed
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Table 6. Population and related dat
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PROBLEMS IN THE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAP
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B2: How does the Agulhas Current in
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0Q0mbWbvx(U49
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Figure 6 Average wind stress curl f
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TETHYS AND P
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part of the Seychelles-Mascarene bl
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Much of the old Tethys seafloor has
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when there was little or no movemen
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scouring of the sediments by cold b
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CANDE, S.C. and MUTTER, J.C. (1982)
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SHACKLETON, N.J. and KENNETT, J.P.
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0EYNz 10c2XaYWeKB20LuUz a5 cl300 10
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CALCAREOUS FORAMINIFERANANNOFOSSIL
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GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF T
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The latest tectonic generalization
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LE PICHON, X. and HEIRTZLER, J.R. (
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AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT
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is the specific volume anomaly. Po
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circulation. At Nagappattinam, Madr
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Table 1.MarmagaoCochin1969-781958-7
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tFigure 2. An idealized coastal cur
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STATION : BOMBAY~ J , F I M .- , A
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STATION : COCHIN, J , F , M , A , M
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3007STATION : MADRASI J I F , M I A
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STATION : CALCUTTA, J l F , M , A ,
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RED TIDE§ IN THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
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were observed as early as 1770 duri
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diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP
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GACUTAN, R.Q., TABBU, M.Y., AUJERO,
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Table 1.Clinical symptoms of variou
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Table 3. Fish species implicated in
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FIGURE CAPTIONSFigure la. Trichodes
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(*14aEE15aHH15c120
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MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCE
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tonnes of monazite. Similar deposit
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Madagascar and the Red Sea. Within
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South Australian Basin: (Figs. 10-1
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Offshore placers are likely to occu
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MILLIMAN, J.D. (1974). Marine Carbo
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Thailand Tin 5560 (1980) NA 4.2 (19
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Table 2. The range (in percent) of
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Table 4. Chemical composition of po
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141FIGURE - 1
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~IT 73qw p' le' IS IFigure 4. Map s
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@A5 3 9 93 3 s 3 m4P 8O C ' . .' ,
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Figure 10. Map showng the abundance
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Figure 14. Map showing the distribu
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IFigure 17. Marine mineral explorat
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central are corals to the integrity
Page 152 and 153: Very little information is availabl
Page 154 and 155: leaving little trace of their exist
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCESAGASSIZ, A. (1903). The c
Page 158 and 159: PILLAI, C.S.G. (1969b). Studies on
Page 160 and 161: Table 1.Extent of damage to coral r
Page 162 and 163: STATUS OF CRITICAL MARINE HABITATS
Page 164 and 165: OCCURRENCEThe distribution of reefs
Page 166 and 167: Mining of Reef RockMining of reef r
Page 168 and 169: -resource. Their significance deriv
Page 170 and 171: Coating of Aerial Roots by Fine Sed
Page 172 and 173: associated with the roots (e.g. GOE
Page 174 and 175: Temperature and SalinityThe effects
Page 176 and 177: significant numbers in the Red Sea,
Page 178 and 179: mersas are known to serve as nurser
Page 180 and 181: BURCHARD, J.E. (1979). Coral fauna
Page 182 and 183: HIRTH, H.F., KLIKOFF, L.G. and HARP
Page 184 and 185: MacNAE, W. (1974). Mangrove forests
Page 186 and 187: RINKEVITCH, B. and LOYA, Y. (1977).
Page 188 and 189: WALKER, D.I. and ORMOND, R.F.G. (19
Page 190 and 191: DAMMING AND DIVERSION OF RIVERSIn d
Page 192 and 193: FUTURE STUDIESWhat can marine scien
Page 194 and 195: !0OD9 -8 Nc80,a,u-3(dcab(Dbrr)8brr)
Page 196 and 197: 0 0-0 00 O0O 0% LD d- m cu 0 0202
Page 198 and 199: STORM SURGES IN THE BAY OF BENGAL*T
Page 200 and 201: low pressure centres over the Bay i
Page 204 and 205: Table 1.Latitude and longitude of p
Page 207 and 208: 214
Page 209 and 210: 0Poa9nU0m0Yan-I2li7mYUVQk?401mc0mYm
Page 211 and 212: 0In218
Page 214 and 215: 221
Page 216 and 217: Table 3. Nomenclature used by India
Page 218 and 219: ANDHRAB A Y OFB E N G A L ,.16'LO 4
Page 220 and 221: INDIABAY OF-Point CalirnereLanka L-
Page 222 and 223: pressure in the South Pacific and l
Page 224 and 225: SWALLOW, J.C. (1983). Arabian Sea c
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Page 228 and 229: 236
Page 230 and 231: scale wind phenomenon that occurs w
Page 232 and 233: Several two-dimensional models of t
Page 234 and 235: HARTMANN, M., LANGE, H., SEIBOLD, E
Page 236 and 237: Y-Model Domaint=6hrs.b-250 0 59 Xw-
Page 238 and 239: UELEVATIONS (m) ai 18 HOURS L2:-+EL
Page 240 and 241: HARMONIC CONSTITUENT K,Figure 8. Ob
Page 242 and 243: Age of Semi-Diurnal Tide (hrs)28".+
Page 244 and 245: ! 5"BOTTOMFigure 13. Predicted mode
Page 246 and 247: OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS PELAGIC PR
Page 248 and 249: Low oxygen content in subsurface wa
Page 250 and 251: R/V Dr. F. Nansen trawl of 41 m hea
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thermocline temperature decreases s
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Nitrate - NitrogenSimilarly to phos
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The maximum standing stocks in the
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By April/May the demersal stocks ha
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in 6 months when spawning occurs. T
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REFERENCES3BANSE, K. (1968). Hydrog
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GILSON, H.C., (1937). The nitrogen
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ROYAL SOCIETY (1963). International
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APPENDIX:REGIONAL COOPERATIVE INVES
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20 015 20 25FEBOC015 20 25 30 35M A
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W0-8w0-Inww[r3a+eW281
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B35 36 a7 XlO+ 35 36 a7- Mar--- Fob
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a, A
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...... :'I. .. ,... .. 8.*.. ... ._
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ASTAT.Si -Si (OH14 in p M - d ~ n -
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YU0IwYY->02(33-1 II 1amLyY>02(33amL
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I I I I I10 Ic L0U0mI(dw -rlo u0w m
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III I I I0. 1....w'3...-0U-J..,....
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297
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clearly is too low. Because of low
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KARBE, L., THIEL, H., WEIKERT, H. a
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50010001 scoOxygen (rnl/l)0I1I2I3I4
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c1 oc50C10001500_j_///.///II:I? 0:3
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THE RED SEAPHYSIOGRAPHYThe Red Sea
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intensity of magnetization which co
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1969; SEARLE and ROSS, 1975). This
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y normal faulting. This is most int
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South of 19"N, the McKENZIE pole no
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BAUMANN, A., RICHTER, H. and SCHOEL
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EYAL, M., EYAL, Y., BARTOV, Y. and
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LEWIS, B.T.R. (1983). The process o
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TARLING, D.H. and MITCHELL, J.G. (1
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mC- 1000- 2000- 3000E0Figure 2.Sche
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-20b-0,20wFigure 4. Seismicity and
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kmaFigure 6. Summary of seismic ref
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kQ)Um 5U0c04 3N 4COQ)k3M*rlk332
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5 b'o w-Y EO'i Ii04!I 0I0I334
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II,'{34/,'0SOMALIAND: N. DANAKILFig
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spreadingvulcanismmblock faultingII
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SUPERFICIAL SEDIMENTS OF NORTHERN R
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normally sorted, with median diamet
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EL-SAYED (1983) used the trace meta
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BEHAIRY, AKA. (1983). Marine transg
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SHUKRI, N.M. (1953). Bottom deposit
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Table 2 Heavy metal concentrations
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EGYPTEl-Morgan 1Bargan IBargan 2Yub
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Figure 4. Distribution of minerals
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ARAGONITEHIGH HG-CALCITEFigure 6. T
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MARINE LIVING RESOURCES OF THE RED
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This elevated productivity may resu
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REVELLE (1981) mentioned that the p
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FISHELSON, L. (1964). Observation o
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