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MacNAE, W. (1974). Mangrove forests and fisheries. FAO Indian Ocean Fisheries Programme,IOFC/DEV/74/34.MARAGOS, J.E. (1972). A study of the ecology of Hawaiian reef corals. Thesis, University ofHawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii.MARSH, J.A. and GORDON, G.D. (1974). Marine environmental effects of dredging and powerplant construction. Univ. Guam Mar. Lab. Tech. Rept. 8,56 p.MARSHALL, S.M. and ORR, A.P. (193 1). Sedimentation on Low Isles reef and its relation to coralgrowth. Sci. Rept. Gt Barrier Reef Exped., 1,93-134.MASTALLER, M. (1979). Beitrage zur Faunistik und Okologie der Korallenriffe bei Aqaba, RotesMeer, unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Mollusken und Echinodermen. DissertationBochum, 337 p.McROY, C.P. (1974). Seagrass productivity: carbon uptake experiments in eelgrass, Zostera marina.Aquaculture, 4, 131-137.McROY, C.P., GOERING, J.J. and CHANEY, B. (1973). Nitrogen fixation associated withseagrasses. Limnol. Oceanogr., 18,998- 1002.MILLER, P.C. (1972). Bioclimate, leaf temperature and primary production in red mangrovecanopies in south Florida. Ecology, 53,22-45.MUKHERJEE, B.B. (1984). Mangrove forest types and their distribution in Sundabans, India. In:A.N. Soepadmo, A.N. Rao and D.J. Macintosh (eds.), Proceedings of Asian Symposium ofMangrove Environment: Research Management, 75-81.MUKHERJEE, A.K. and TIWARI, K.K. (1984). Mangrove ecosystem changes under inducedstress: the case history of the Sundaban, West Bengal, India. n: A.N. Soepadmo, A.N. Raoand D.J. Macintosh (eds.), Proceedings of Asian Symposium of Mangrove Environment:Research Management, 633-643.NAIKAI REGIONAL FISHERY RESEARCH LABORATORY (1967). Present states of thesubmerged vegetations in the Setonaikai (Inland Sea of <strong>Japan</strong>). Publ. Naikai Reg. Fish. Lab,Ser. C5, 21-38.NANSEI REGIONAL FISHERY RESEARCH LABORATORY (1974). Marine submergedvegetation in Setonaikai (Inland Sea of <strong>Japan</strong>): result of census in 1971. Nansei Reg. Fish.Res. Lab. pamphlet, 39 p.ODUM, W.E. and HEALD, E.J. (1972). Trophic analysis of an estuarine mangrove community.Bull. Mar. Sci., 22, 671-738.ODUM, W.E. and JOHANNES, R.E. (1975). The responses of mangroves to man-inducedenvironmental stress. In: E.J.F. Wood and R.E. Johannes (eds.), Tropical Marine Pollution,Elsevier Oceanography Series No. 12, Elsevier Sci. Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 52-63.OGDEN, J.C. (ed.) (1972). An ecological study of Tague Bay reef, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.Spec. Publ. Mar. Biol., West Indies Lab., St. Croix, No. 1, 57 p.ODGEN, J.C. and LOBEL, P.S. (1978). The role of herbivorous fishes and urchins in coral reefcommunities. Env. Biol. Fish., 3,49-63.OGDEN, J.C. (1980). Faunal relationships in Caribbean seagrass beds. In: R.C. Phillips and C.P.McRoy (eds.), Handbook of Seagrass Biology, Garland STPM Press, New York.189
O'GOWER, A.K. and WACASEY, J.W. (1967). Animal communities associated with Thalassia,Diplanthera and sand beds in Biscayne Bay. 1. Analysis of communities in relation to watermovements. Bull. Mar. Sci., 17, 175-210.OLINDO, P.M. and ASAVA, W.W. (1975). The establishment of marine national parks. RegionalMeeting on Marine Parks and Reserves, Teheran, Iran. IUCN Publ. New Series, No. 35.ORMOND, R.F.G. (1980).Report on the need for management and marine parks in the Egyptian RedSea. Report to the Egyptian Academy of Science, Cairo. University of York, U.K.ORTH, R.J. (1971). The effect of turtle grass, Thalassia testudinurn, on the benthic infaunacommunity structure in Bermuda. Bermuda Biological Station Spec. Publ. 9, 18-38.PARKER, P.L., GIBBS, A and LAWLER, R. (1963). Cobalt, iron and magnesium in a Texas bay.Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Texas, 1, 28-32.PATRIQUIN, D.G. (1973). Estimation of growth rate, production and age of the marine angiospermThalassia tesflrdinum Konig. Carib. J. Sci., 13, 111-123.PENHALE, P.A. (1 977). Macrophyte-epiphyte biomass and productivity in an eelgrasss (Zosteramarina) community. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 26, 211-224.PERTET, F.N. (1982). Kenya's experience in establishing coastal and marine protected areas. ThirdWorld Congress on National Parks and Protected Areas, Bali, Indonesia.PHILLIPS, R.C. and McROY, C.P. (eds.) (1980). Handbook of Seagrass Biology. Garland STPMPress, New York, 353 p.PILLAI, C.S.G. (1973). Coral resources of India with special reference to Palk Bay and Gulf ofMannar. Proc. Symp. Living Resources of Seas around India. Special Publ. Central MarineFisheries Research Institute, Cochin, 11,700-705.PILLAI, C.S.G. (1981). The endangered marine and terrestrial habitats of Minicoy Atoll inLakshadweep - A matter of concern for naturalists. MS, 28-1-28-24.PIYAKARNCHANA, T. (1980). The present state of mangrove ecosystems in southeast Asia and theimpact of pollution - Thailand. FAO/UNEP. SCS/80/WP/94e. South China Sea FisheriesDevelopment and Co-ordinating Programme, Manila.PLATT, T and SUBBA RAO, D.V. (1975). Primary production of marine microphytes. In: J.P.Cooper (ed.), Photosynthesis and Productivity in Different Environments. CambridgeUniversity Press, Cambridge, 3, 249-280.PRICE, A.R.G. (1982). Distribution of Penaeid shrimp larvae along the Arabian Gulf coast of SaudiArabia. J. Nat. Hist.,16, 745-757.PROCTOR, J. and SALM, R.V. (1974). Conservation in Mauritius. Report to IUCN.RANDALL, J.E. (1961). Overgrazing of algae by herbivorous fish. Ecology, 42,812.RANDALL, J.E. (1963). An analysis of the fish populations of artificial and natural reefs in theVirgin Islands. Carib. J. Sci., 3, 1-16.RANDALL, J.E. (1965). Grazing effect on seagrasses by herbivorous reef fishes in the West Indies.Ecology, 46,255-260.RAY, G.C. (1976). Critical marine habitats. IUCN publications New Series, No. 37, 15-59.190
Page 1 and 2:
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com
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of the IOC Marine Pollution Monitor
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PageMARGINAL SEASSTORM SURGES IN TH
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Marine PollutionAt present, marine
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THE INDIAN OCEAN --- AN ENVIRONMENT
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The subtropical anticyclonic gyre i
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GEOLOGICALBecause of its asymmetric
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RADIOACTIVE AND THERMAL WASTESIn co
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RESEARCH AND MONITORING ACTIVITIESM
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2-5, Mn 3-7, Zn 8-31, Fe 35-94, Pb
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Localized problems, both short-term
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HOLEMAN, J.N. (1968). The sediment
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UNEP/UNIDO (1982a). Industrial sour
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0-5-24 -I I I I I I I I I 11--25- A
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I*in '0( U N '0- '0 '0 N , p d'0I I
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C'EO IIFigure 6. Observations of oi
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Table 2.Ranges of Dissolved heavy m
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d.2 W2n2 n z0U.IzIO N m mENmIYEE*Ed
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Table 6. Population and related dat
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PROBLEMS IN THE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAP
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B2: How does the Agulhas Current in
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0Q0mbWbvx(U49
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Figure 6 Average wind stress curl f
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TETHYS AND P
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part of the Seychelles-Mascarene bl
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Much of the old Tethys seafloor has
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when there was little or no movemen
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scouring of the sediments by cold b
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CANDE, S.C. and MUTTER, J.C. (1982)
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SHACKLETON, N.J. and KENNETT, J.P.
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0EYNz 10c2XaYWeKB20LuUz a5 cl300 10
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CALCAREOUS FORAMINIFERANANNOFOSSIL
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GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF T
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The latest tectonic generalization
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LE PICHON, X. and HEIRTZLER, J.R. (
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AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT
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is the specific volume anomaly. Po
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circulation. At Nagappattinam, Madr
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Table 1.MarmagaoCochin1969-781958-7
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tFigure 2. An idealized coastal cur
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STATION : BOMBAY~ J , F I M .- , A
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STATION : COCHIN, J , F , M , A , M
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3007STATION : MADRASI J I F , M I A
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STATION : CALCUTTA, J l F , M , A ,
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RED TIDE§ IN THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
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were observed as early as 1770 duri
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diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP
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GACUTAN, R.Q., TABBU, M.Y., AUJERO,
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Table 1.Clinical symptoms of variou
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Table 3. Fish species implicated in
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FIGURE CAPTIONSFigure la. Trichodes
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(*14aEE15aHH15c120
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MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCE
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tonnes of monazite. Similar deposit
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Madagascar and the Red Sea. Within
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South Australian Basin: (Figs. 10-1
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Offshore placers are likely to occu
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MILLIMAN, J.D. (1974). Marine Carbo
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Thailand Tin 5560 (1980) NA 4.2 (19
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. The range (in percent) of
Page 136 and 137: Table 4. Chemical composition of po
Page 138 and 139: 141FIGURE - 1
Page 140 and 141: ~IT 73qw p' le' IS IFigure 4. Map s
Page 142 and 143: @A5 3 9 93 3 s 3 m4P 8O C ' . .' ,
Page 144 and 145: Figure 10. Map showng the abundance
Page 146 and 147: Figure 14. Map showing the distribu
Page 148 and 149: IFigure 17. Marine mineral explorat
Page 150 and 151: central are corals to the integrity
Page 152 and 153: Very little information is availabl
Page 154 and 155: leaving little trace of their exist
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCESAGASSIZ, A. (1903). The c
Page 158 and 159: PILLAI, C.S.G. (1969b). Studies on
Page 160 and 161: Table 1.Extent of damage to coral r
Page 162 and 163: STATUS OF CRITICAL MARINE HABITATS
Page 164 and 165: OCCURRENCEThe distribution of reefs
Page 166 and 167: Mining of Reef RockMining of reef r
Page 168 and 169: -resource. Their significance deriv
Page 170 and 171: Coating of Aerial Roots by Fine Sed
Page 172 and 173: associated with the roots (e.g. GOE
Page 174 and 175: Temperature and SalinityThe effects
Page 176 and 177: significant numbers in the Red Sea,
Page 178 and 179: mersas are known to serve as nurser
Page 180 and 181: BURCHARD, J.E. (1979). Coral fauna
Page 182 and 183: HIRTH, H.F., KLIKOFF, L.G. and HARP
Page 186 and 187: RINKEVITCH, B. and LOYA, Y. (1977).
Page 188 and 189: WALKER, D.I. and ORMOND, R.F.G. (19
Page 190 and 191: DAMMING AND DIVERSION OF RIVERSIn d
Page 192 and 193: FUTURE STUDIESWhat can marine scien
Page 194 and 195: !0OD9 -8 Nc80,a,u-3(dcab(Dbrr)8brr)
Page 196 and 197: 0 0-0 00 O0O 0% LD d- m cu 0 0202
Page 198 and 199: STORM SURGES IN THE BAY OF BENGAL*T
Page 200 and 201: low pressure centres over the Bay i
Page 202 and 203: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe writers wish to
Page 204 and 205: Table 1.Latitude and longitude of p
Page 207 and 208: 214
Page 209 and 210: 0Poa9nU0m0Yan-I2li7mYUVQk?401mc0mYm
Page 211 and 212: 0In218
Page 214 and 215: 221
Page 216 and 217: Table 3. Nomenclature used by India
Page 218 and 219: ANDHRAB A Y OFB E N G A L ,.16'LO 4
Page 220 and 221: INDIABAY OF-Point CalirnereLanka L-
Page 222 and 223: pressure in the South Pacific and l
Page 224 and 225: SWALLOW, J.C. (1983). Arabian Sea c
Page 226 and 227: 234
Page 228 and 229: 236
Page 230 and 231: scale wind phenomenon that occurs w
Page 232 and 233: Several two-dimensional models of t
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HARTMANN, M., LANGE, H., SEIBOLD, E
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Y-Model Domaint=6hrs.b-250 0 59 Xw-
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UELEVATIONS (m) ai 18 HOURS L2:-+EL
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HARMONIC CONSTITUENT K,Figure 8. Ob
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Age of Semi-Diurnal Tide (hrs)28".+
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! 5"BOTTOMFigure 13. Predicted mode
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OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS PELAGIC PR
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Low oxygen content in subsurface wa
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R/V Dr. F. Nansen trawl of 41 m hea
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thermocline temperature decreases s
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Nitrate - NitrogenSimilarly to phos
Page 256 and 257:
The maximum standing stocks in the
Page 258 and 259:
By April/May the demersal stocks ha
Page 260 and 261:
in 6 months when spawning occurs. T
Page 262 and 263:
REFERENCES3BANSE, K. (1968). Hydrog
Page 264 and 265:
GILSON, H.C., (1937). The nitrogen
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ROYAL SOCIETY (1963). International
Page 268 and 269:
APPENDIX:REGIONAL COOPERATIVE INVES
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20 015 20 25FEBOC015 20 25 30 35M A
Page 272 and 273:
W0-8w0-Inww[r3a+eW281
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B35 36 a7 XlO+ 35 36 a7- Mar--- Fob
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a, A
Page 278 and 279:
...... :'I. .. ,... .. 8.*.. ... ._
Page 280 and 281:
ASTAT.Si -Si (OH14 in p M - d ~ n -
Page 282 and 283:
YU0IwYY->02(33-1 II 1amLyY>02(33amL
Page 284 and 285:
I I I I I10 Ic L0U0mI(dw -rlo u0w m
Page 286 and 287:
III I I I0. 1....w'3...-0U-J..,....
Page 288 and 289:
297
Page 290 and 291:
clearly is too low. Because of low
Page 292 and 293:
KARBE, L., THIEL, H., WEIKERT, H. a
Page 294 and 295:
50010001 scoOxygen (rnl/l)0I1I2I3I4
Page 296 and 297:
c1 oc50C10001500_j_///.///II:I? 0:3
Page 298 and 299:
THE RED SEAPHYSIOGRAPHYThe Red Sea
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intensity of magnetization which co
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1969; SEARLE and ROSS, 1975). This
Page 304 and 305:
y normal faulting. This is most int
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South of 19"N, the McKENZIE pole no
Page 308 and 309:
BAUMANN, A., RICHTER, H. and SCHOEL
Page 310 and 311:
EYAL, M., EYAL, Y., BARTOV, Y. and
Page 312 and 313:
LEWIS, B.T.R. (1983). The process o
Page 314 and 315:
TARLING, D.H. and MITCHELL, J.G. (1
Page 316 and 317:
mC- 1000- 2000- 3000E0Figure 2.Sche
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-20b-0,20wFigure 4. Seismicity and
Page 320 and 321:
kmaFigure 6. Summary of seismic ref
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kQ)Um 5U0c04 3N 4COQ)k3M*rlk332
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5 b'o w-Y EO'i Ii04!I 0I0I334
Page 326 and 327:
II,'{34/,'0SOMALIAND: N. DANAKILFig
Page 328 and 329:
spreadingvulcanismmblock faultingII
Page 330 and 331:
SUPERFICIAL SEDIMENTS OF NORTHERN R
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normally sorted, with median diamet
Page 334 and 335:
EL-SAYED (1983) used the trace meta
Page 336 and 337:
BEHAIRY, AKA. (1983). Marine transg
Page 338 and 339:
SHUKRI, N.M. (1953). Bottom deposit
Page 340 and 341:
Table 2 Heavy metal concentrations
Page 342 and 343:
EGYPTEl-Morgan 1Bargan IBargan 2Yub
Page 344 and 345:
Figure 4. Distribution of minerals
Page 346 and 347:
ARAGONITEHIGH HG-CALCITEFigure 6. T
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MARINE LIVING RESOURCES OF THE RED
Page 350 and 351:
This elevated productivity may resu
Page 352 and 353:
REVELLE (1981) mentioned that the p
Page 354 and 355:
FISHELSON, L. (1964). Observation o
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