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Table 1.Extent of damage to coral reefs of Maldives, Sri Lanka, India andBangladesh.1. a. Collection of shells andcorals by touristsb. Collection of shells andcorals for commercialpurposes:(i) souvenirs(ii) coral mining01-21-21-21-220- 10-22220- 12.Spearfishing01-200- 13.Collection of aquariumreef fishes0200- 15.Commercial fishing of reeffishes1-210- 106.Explosives used for fishingand for public works0- 120- 107.Poisons used for fishing??0- 108.Other fishing methodsdestructive to coral0- 1?009.Pesticides and detergents00- 10- 1010.Sedimentation from freshwater runoff00-11-21-211.a. Domestic sewage andeutrophication0- 10- 10- 1014.Industrial wastes01-20020.Dredging activities1-2?0- 1021.Construction activitieson reefs0?0022.Recreational impacts(scuba, snorkelling, boatand anchor damage)0- 11-20- 1024. Acunrhasrer problems0- 10-20- 10164
Figure 1. The major types of coral reefs in the Central Indian Ocean.165
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Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com
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of the IOC Marine Pollution Monitor
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PageMARGINAL SEASSTORM SURGES IN TH
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Marine PollutionAt present, marine
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THE INDIAN OCEAN --- AN ENVIRONMENT
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The subtropical anticyclonic gyre i
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GEOLOGICALBecause of its asymmetric
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RADIOACTIVE AND THERMAL WASTESIn co
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RESEARCH AND MONITORING ACTIVITIESM
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2-5, Mn 3-7, Zn 8-31, Fe 35-94, Pb
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Localized problems, both short-term
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HOLEMAN, J.N. (1968). The sediment
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UNEP/UNIDO (1982a). Industrial sour
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0-5-24 -I I I I I I I I I 11--25- A
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I*in '0( U N '0- '0 '0 N , p d'0I I
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C'EO IIFigure 6. Observations of oi
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Table 2.Ranges of Dissolved heavy m
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d.2 W2n2 n z0U.IzIO N m mENmIYEE*Ed
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Table 6. Population and related dat
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PROBLEMS IN THE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAP
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B2: How does the Agulhas Current in
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0Q0mbWbvx(U49
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Figure 6 Average wind stress curl f
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TETHYS AND P
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part of the Seychelles-Mascarene bl
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Much of the old Tethys seafloor has
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when there was little or no movemen
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scouring of the sediments by cold b
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CANDE, S.C. and MUTTER, J.C. (1982)
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SHACKLETON, N.J. and KENNETT, J.P.
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0EYNz 10c2XaYWeKB20LuUz a5 cl300 10
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CALCAREOUS FORAMINIFERANANNOFOSSIL
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GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF T
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The latest tectonic generalization
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LE PICHON, X. and HEIRTZLER, J.R. (
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AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT
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is the specific volume anomaly. Po
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circulation. At Nagappattinam, Madr
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Table 1.MarmagaoCochin1969-781958-7
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tFigure 2. An idealized coastal cur
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STATION : BOMBAY~ J , F I M .- , A
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STATION : COCHIN, J , F , M , A , M
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3007STATION : MADRASI J I F , M I A
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STATION : CALCUTTA, J l F , M , A ,
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RED TIDE§ IN THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
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were observed as early as 1770 duri
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diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP
Page 109 and 110: GACUTAN, R.Q., TABBU, M.Y., AUJERO,
Page 111 and 112: Table 1.Clinical symptoms of variou
Page 113 and 114: Table 3. Fish species implicated in
Page 115 and 116: FIGURE CAPTIONSFigure la. Trichodes
Page 118 and 119: (*14aEE15aHH15c120
Page 120 and 121: MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCE
Page 122 and 123: tonnes of monazite. Similar deposit
Page 124 and 125: Madagascar and the Red Sea. Within
Page 126 and 127: South Australian Basin: (Figs. 10-1
Page 128 and 129: Offshore placers are likely to occu
Page 130 and 131: MILLIMAN, J.D. (1974). Marine Carbo
Page 132 and 133: Thailand Tin 5560 (1980) NA 4.2 (19
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. The range (in percent) of
Page 136 and 137: Table 4. Chemical composition of po
Page 138 and 139: 141FIGURE - 1
Page 140 and 141: ~IT 73qw p' le' IS IFigure 4. Map s
Page 142 and 143: @A5 3 9 93 3 s 3 m4P 8O C ' . .' ,
Page 144 and 145: Figure 10. Map showng the abundance
Page 146 and 147: Figure 14. Map showing the distribu
Page 148 and 149: IFigure 17. Marine mineral explorat
Page 150 and 151: central are corals to the integrity
Page 152 and 153: Very little information is availabl
Page 154 and 155: leaving little trace of their exist
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCESAGASSIZ, A. (1903). The c
Page 158 and 159: PILLAI, C.S.G. (1969b). Studies on
Page 162 and 163: STATUS OF CRITICAL MARINE HABITATS
Page 164 and 165: OCCURRENCEThe distribution of reefs
Page 166 and 167: Mining of Reef RockMining of reef r
Page 168 and 169: -resource. Their significance deriv
Page 170 and 171: Coating of Aerial Roots by Fine Sed
Page 172 and 173: associated with the roots (e.g. GOE
Page 174 and 175: Temperature and SalinityThe effects
Page 176 and 177: significant numbers in the Red Sea,
Page 178 and 179: mersas are known to serve as nurser
Page 180 and 181: BURCHARD, J.E. (1979). Coral fauna
Page 182 and 183: HIRTH, H.F., KLIKOFF, L.G. and HARP
Page 184 and 185: MacNAE, W. (1974). Mangrove forests
Page 186 and 187: RINKEVITCH, B. and LOYA, Y. (1977).
Page 188 and 189: WALKER, D.I. and ORMOND, R.F.G. (19
Page 190 and 191: DAMMING AND DIVERSION OF RIVERSIn d
Page 192 and 193: FUTURE STUDIESWhat can marine scien
Page 194 and 195: !0OD9 -8 Nc80,a,u-3(dcab(Dbrr)8brr)
Page 196 and 197: 0 0-0 00 O0O 0% LD d- m cu 0 0202
Page 198 and 199: STORM SURGES IN THE BAY OF BENGAL*T
Page 200 and 201: low pressure centres over the Bay i
Page 202 and 203: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe writers wish to
Page 204 and 205: Table 1.Latitude and longitude of p
Page 207 and 208: 214
Page 209 and 210: 0Poa9nU0m0Yan-I2li7mYUVQk?401mc0mYm
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0In218
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221
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Table 3. Nomenclature used by India
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ANDHRAB A Y OFB E N G A L ,.16'LO 4
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INDIABAY OF-Point CalirnereLanka L-
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pressure in the South Pacific and l
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SWALLOW, J.C. (1983). Arabian Sea c
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234
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236
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scale wind phenomenon that occurs w
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Several two-dimensional models of t
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HARTMANN, M., LANGE, H., SEIBOLD, E
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Y-Model Domaint=6hrs.b-250 0 59 Xw-
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UELEVATIONS (m) ai 18 HOURS L2:-+EL
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HARMONIC CONSTITUENT K,Figure 8. Ob
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Age of Semi-Diurnal Tide (hrs)28".+
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! 5"BOTTOMFigure 13. Predicted mode
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OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS PELAGIC PR
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Low oxygen content in subsurface wa
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R/V Dr. F. Nansen trawl of 41 m hea
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thermocline temperature decreases s
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Nitrate - NitrogenSimilarly to phos
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The maximum standing stocks in the
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By April/May the demersal stocks ha
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in 6 months when spawning occurs. T
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REFERENCES3BANSE, K. (1968). Hydrog
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GILSON, H.C., (1937). The nitrogen
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ROYAL SOCIETY (1963). International
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APPENDIX:REGIONAL COOPERATIVE INVES
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20 015 20 25FEBOC015 20 25 30 35M A
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W0-8w0-Inww[r3a+eW281
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B35 36 a7 XlO+ 35 36 a7- Mar--- Fob
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a, A
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...... :'I. .. ,... .. 8.*.. ... ._
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ASTAT.Si -Si (OH14 in p M - d ~ n -
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YU0IwYY->02(33-1 II 1amLyY>02(33amL
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I I I I I10 Ic L0U0mI(dw -rlo u0w m
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III I I I0. 1....w'3...-0U-J..,....
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297
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clearly is too low. Because of low
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KARBE, L., THIEL, H., WEIKERT, H. a
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50010001 scoOxygen (rnl/l)0I1I2I3I4
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c1 oc50C10001500_j_///.///II:I? 0:3
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THE RED SEAPHYSIOGRAPHYThe Red Sea
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intensity of magnetization which co
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1969; SEARLE and ROSS, 1975). This
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y normal faulting. This is most int
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South of 19"N, the McKENZIE pole no
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BAUMANN, A., RICHTER, H. and SCHOEL
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EYAL, M., EYAL, Y., BARTOV, Y. and
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LEWIS, B.T.R. (1983). The process o
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TARLING, D.H. and MITCHELL, J.G. (1
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mC- 1000- 2000- 3000E0Figure 2.Sche
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-20b-0,20wFigure 4. Seismicity and
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kmaFigure 6. Summary of seismic ref
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kQ)Um 5U0c04 3N 4COQ)k3M*rlk332
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5 b'o w-Y EO'i Ii04!I 0I0I334
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II,'{34/,'0SOMALIAND: N. DANAKILFig
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spreadingvulcanismmblock faultingII
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SUPERFICIAL SEDIMENTS OF NORTHERN R
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normally sorted, with median diamet
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EL-SAYED (1983) used the trace meta
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BEHAIRY, AKA. (1983). Marine transg
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SHUKRI, N.M. (1953). Bottom deposit
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Table 2 Heavy metal concentrations
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EGYPTEl-Morgan 1Bargan IBargan 2Yub
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Figure 4. Distribution of minerals
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ARAGONITEHIGH HG-CALCITEFigure 6. T
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MARINE LIVING RESOURCES OF THE RED
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This elevated productivity may resu
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REVELLE (1981) mentioned that the p
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FISHELSON, L. (1964). Observation o
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