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Offshore placers are likely to occur in areas covered by terrigenous sediments and near known onshoreplacers. Physical oceanographic studies also would be useful to indicate and to identify areas in whichthe energy regime is sufficient for such deposits to be formed. Collected data could be used forpostulating models which would aid in the development of exploration strategies and techniques.Biogenous deposits (i.e., corals and shells) are typical of tropical waters, and it would beappropriate if scientific studies result not only in economic potential and utilization, but also inachieving a basic understanding of the environmental parameters necessary for formation of thesedeposits. The basic studies on calcareous deposits also could provide insights into the formation ofreservoir rocks €or petroleum.The countries in the Indian Ocean region with limited resources perhaps initially could studychemogenous deposits in shallower areas of the continental margins, likely areas for the formation ofphosphatic deposits (i.e., upwelling and non-depositional environment), as these would providevaluable clues in understanding both recent and ancient deposits. This could be followed later by theexploration of the deep-sea deposits, i.e. polymetallic nodules.PRESENT INDIAN COLLABORATION PROGRAMMESIndian scientific institutions already have collaborative programmes with Sri Lanka andSeychelles, and a programme is being discussed with Mauritius. As a part of the programme with SriLanka, NI0 has organized a cruise in Sri Lankan waters, and some Sri Lankan scientists have beentrained in marine techniques at Goa. At the request of the Government of Seychelles, the -R/VGAVESHANI surveyed the Exclusive Economic zone (EEZ) of Seychelles and collected interestinginformation on the topography, sediments and the distribution of polymetallic nodules of this islandstate. As a part of this programme, parallel work was carried out in the nearshore areas; the resourcesof seaweeds were assessed, and the morphology of the coast and rate of siltation in the harbour werestudied. ~At the request of Government of Mauritius, NI0 is designing a programme to survey the EEZof Mauritius. This survey will be begun after approval by the two Governments.REFERENCESANON (1983). ORV SAGAR KANYA Report on test Research Cruises III-Malta to Bombay.BATURIN, G.N. (1982). Phosphorite on the sea floor. Development of Sedimentology. ElsevierScientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 33, 343 p.BEIERSDORF, H., KUDRASS, H. and STACKELBURG, U. VON (1980). GeologischesJahrbuch, 36, 1-86.BEZRUKOV, P.L. (1962). Okeanologiya, 2(6), 1014-1019.BEZRUKOV, P.L. (1973). Okeanologiya, 5.BEZRUKOV, P.L. and ANDRUSCHENKO, P.F. (1974). Internatl. Geol. Rev., 16(9), 1044-1061.BEZRUKOV, P.L., BATURIN, G.N. and BLISKOVSKIY, V.Z. (1979). In: MineralogicalComposition of Phosphorites, Izd Siberian section Akad. Nauk SSSR Novosibirsk.BROWN, G.A. (1971). Underwater J., 3(3), 166-175.CHARLIE, W. (1981). Mineral Industry of Australia. Department of Interior, 3,87-116.131
COOLEY, N., CRONAN, D.S. and MOORBY, S.A. (1979). Proc. Internatl. Colloq.of Genesis of Manganese Nodules, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.CRONAN, D.S. (1972). Trans, Amer. Geophys. Union, 53(4), 410.CRONAN, D.S. (1975a). Trans. Inst. Min. Metal., 84(B) 30-32.CRONAN, D.S. (1975b). Third Oceanology Internatl., Brighton, 118-120.CRONAN, D.S. and MOORBY, S.A. (1976). In: Marine Geological Investigation in the SouthwestPacific and Adjacent Areas, G.P. Glasby and H.R. Katz (eds.), 118-123.CRONAN, D.S. andMOORBY, S.A. (1981). J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 138, 527-539.CRONAN, D.S. and TOOMS, J.S. (1967). Deep-sea Res., 14,239-249.CRONAN, D.S. and TOOMS, J.S. (1968). Deep-sea Res., 15, 215-223.CRONAN, D.S. and TOOMS, J.S. (1969). Deep-sea Res., 16, 335-359.DUYVERMAN, H.J. (1981). J. Geol. Soc. Ind., 22,78-84.FAIRBRIDGE, R.W. (1966). The Encyclopedia of Oceanography. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.,1021 p.FRAZER, J.Z. and FISK, M.B. (1980). Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Ref. 80-16, 117 p.,(unpublished).FRAZER, J.Z. and FISK, M.B. (1981). Deep-sea Res., 28 A(12), 1533-1551.FRAZER, J.Z. and WILSON, L.L. (1980). Mar. Min., 2(3), 257-292.GLASBY, G.P. (1970). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 674.GLASBY, G.P. (1972). Mar. Geol., 13(1), 57-72.GLASBY, G.P. (1973). NZ J. Geol. Geophys., 16, 1-17.HEARTH, N.M.J.W. (1983). Indo-Sri Lanka Conf. Mar. Sci. and Tech., 1-18.INDIAN MINERAL YEAR BOOK (1981). Published by the Indian Bureau of Mines, Ministry ofSteel and Mines, Nagpw, India.KOBLENTZ-MISHKE, I.J., VOLKOVIONSKY, V.V. and KARANOVA, J.G. (1970). In:Scientific Exploration of the South Pacific, W.S. Wooster (ed.), National Academyof Sciences, Washington, DC., 183-193.KRISHNAN, M.S. (1968). Geology of India and Burma, Higginbothams Pvt. Ltd., Madras, 536 p.LECLAIRE, L. and PERSEIL, E.A. (1979). In: Sur la genese des nodules de manganese, C. Lalou(ed.), Proc. Internatl. Conf., CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France, 23-28.MANE, R.B. and GAWADE, M.K. (1974). Unpublished Report, DGM, Govt. Maharashtra,Nagpur, India.MERO, J.L. (1965). The Mineral Resources of the Sea. Elsevier Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 312 p.132
Page 1 and 2:
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Com
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of the IOC Marine Pollution Monitor
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PageMARGINAL SEASSTORM SURGES IN TH
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Marine PollutionAt present, marine
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THE INDIAN OCEAN --- AN ENVIRONMENT
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The subtropical anticyclonic gyre i
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GEOLOGICALBecause of its asymmetric
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RADIOACTIVE AND THERMAL WASTESIn co
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RESEARCH AND MONITORING ACTIVITIESM
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2-5, Mn 3-7, Zn 8-31, Fe 35-94, Pb
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Localized problems, both short-term
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HOLEMAN, J.N. (1968). The sediment
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UNEP/UNIDO (1982a). Industrial sour
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0-5-24 -I I I I I I I I I 11--25- A
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I*in '0( U N '0- '0 '0 N , p d'0I I
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C'EO IIFigure 6. Observations of oi
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Table 2.Ranges of Dissolved heavy m
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d.2 W2n2 n z0U.IzIO N m mENmIYEE*Ed
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Table 6. Population and related dat
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PROBLEMS IN THE PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAP
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B2: How does the Agulhas Current in
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0Q0mbWbvx(U49
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Figure 6 Average wind stress curl f
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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE TETHYS AND P
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part of the Seychelles-Mascarene bl
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Much of the old Tethys seafloor has
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when there was little or no movemen
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scouring of the sediments by cold b
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CANDE, S.C. and MUTTER, J.C. (1982)
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SHACKLETON, N.J. and KENNETT, J.P.
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0EYNz 10c2XaYWeKB20LuUz a5 cl300 10
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CALCAREOUS FORAMINIFERANANNOFOSSIL
Page 79 and 80: GEOLOGICAL-GEOPHYSICAL MAPPING OF T
Page 81 and 82: The latest tectonic generalization
Page 83 and 84: LE PICHON, X. and HEIRTZLER, J.R. (
Page 85 and 86: AN EXAMINATION OF THE FACTORS THAT
Page 87 and 88: is the specific volume anomaly. Po
Page 89 and 90: circulation. At Nagappattinam, Madr
Page 91 and 92: Table 1.MarmagaoCochin1969-781958-7
Page 93 and 94: tFigure 2. An idealized coastal cur
Page 95 and 96: STATION : BOMBAY~ J , F I M .- , A
Page 97 and 98: STATION : COCHIN, J , F , M , A , M
Page 99 and 100: 3007STATION : MADRASI J I F , M I A
Page 101 and 102: STATION : CALCUTTA, J l F , M , A ,
Page 103 and 104: RED TIDE§ IN THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
Page 105 and 106: were observed as early as 1770 duri
Page 107 and 108: diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP
Page 109 and 110: GACUTAN, R.Q., TABBU, M.Y., AUJERO,
Page 111 and 112: Table 1.Clinical symptoms of variou
Page 113 and 114: Table 3. Fish species implicated in
Page 115 and 116: FIGURE CAPTIONSFigure la. Trichodes
Page 118 and 119: (*14aEE15aHH15c120
Page 120 and 121: MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE INDIAN OCE
Page 122 and 123: tonnes of monazite. Similar deposit
Page 124 and 125: Madagascar and the Red Sea. Within
Page 126 and 127: South Australian Basin: (Figs. 10-1
Page 130 and 131: MILLIMAN, J.D. (1974). Marine Carbo
Page 132 and 133: Thailand Tin 5560 (1980) NA 4.2 (19
Page 134 and 135: Table 2. The range (in percent) of
Page 136 and 137: Table 4. Chemical composition of po
Page 138 and 139: 141FIGURE - 1
Page 140 and 141: ~IT 73qw p' le' IS IFigure 4. Map s
Page 142 and 143: @A5 3 9 93 3 s 3 m4P 8O C ' . .' ,
Page 144 and 145: Figure 10. Map showng the abundance
Page 146 and 147: Figure 14. Map showing the distribu
Page 148 and 149: IFigure 17. Marine mineral explorat
Page 150 and 151: central are corals to the integrity
Page 152 and 153: Very little information is availabl
Page 154 and 155: leaving little trace of their exist
Page 156 and 157: REFERENCESAGASSIZ, A. (1903). The c
Page 158 and 159: PILLAI, C.S.G. (1969b). Studies on
Page 160 and 161: Table 1.Extent of damage to coral r
Page 162 and 163: STATUS OF CRITICAL MARINE HABITATS
Page 164 and 165: OCCURRENCEThe distribution of reefs
Page 166 and 167: Mining of Reef RockMining of reef r
Page 168 and 169: -resource. Their significance deriv
Page 170 and 171: Coating of Aerial Roots by Fine Sed
Page 172 and 173: associated with the roots (e.g. GOE
Page 174 and 175: Temperature and SalinityThe effects
Page 176 and 177: significant numbers in the Red Sea,
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mersas are known to serve as nurser
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BURCHARD, J.E. (1979). Coral fauna
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HIRTH, H.F., KLIKOFF, L.G. and HARP
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MacNAE, W. (1974). Mangrove forests
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RINKEVITCH, B. and LOYA, Y. (1977).
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WALKER, D.I. and ORMOND, R.F.G. (19
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DAMMING AND DIVERSION OF RIVERSIn d
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FUTURE STUDIESWhat can marine scien
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!0OD9 -8 Nc80,a,u-3(dcab(Dbrr)8brr)
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0 0-0 00 O0O 0% LD d- m cu 0 0202
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STORM SURGES IN THE BAY OF BENGAL*T
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low pressure centres over the Bay i
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe writers wish to
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Table 1.Latitude and longitude of p
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214
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0Poa9nU0m0Yan-I2li7mYUVQk?401mc0mYm
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0In218
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221
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Table 3. Nomenclature used by India
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ANDHRAB A Y OFB E N G A L ,.16'LO 4
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INDIABAY OF-Point CalirnereLanka L-
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pressure in the South Pacific and l
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SWALLOW, J.C. (1983). Arabian Sea c
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234
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236
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scale wind phenomenon that occurs w
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Several two-dimensional models of t
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HARTMANN, M., LANGE, H., SEIBOLD, E
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Y-Model Domaint=6hrs.b-250 0 59 Xw-
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UELEVATIONS (m) ai 18 HOURS L2:-+EL
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HARMONIC CONSTITUENT K,Figure 8. Ob
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Age of Semi-Diurnal Tide (hrs)28".+
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! 5"BOTTOMFigure 13. Predicted mode
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OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS PELAGIC PR
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Low oxygen content in subsurface wa
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R/V Dr. F. Nansen trawl of 41 m hea
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thermocline temperature decreases s
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Nitrate - NitrogenSimilarly to phos
Page 256 and 257:
The maximum standing stocks in the
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By April/May the demersal stocks ha
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in 6 months when spawning occurs. T
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REFERENCES3BANSE, K. (1968). Hydrog
Page 264 and 265:
GILSON, H.C., (1937). The nitrogen
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ROYAL SOCIETY (1963). International
Page 268 and 269:
APPENDIX:REGIONAL COOPERATIVE INVES
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20 015 20 25FEBOC015 20 25 30 35M A
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W0-8w0-Inww[r3a+eW281
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B35 36 a7 XlO+ 35 36 a7- Mar--- Fob
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a, A
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...... :'I. .. ,... .. 8.*.. ... ._
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ASTAT.Si -Si (OH14 in p M - d ~ n -
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YU0IwYY->02(33-1 II 1amLyY>02(33amL
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I I I I I10 Ic L0U0mI(dw -rlo u0w m
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III I I I0. 1....w'3...-0U-J..,....
Page 288 and 289:
297
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clearly is too low. Because of low
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KARBE, L., THIEL, H., WEIKERT, H. a
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50010001 scoOxygen (rnl/l)0I1I2I3I4
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c1 oc50C10001500_j_///.///II:I? 0:3
Page 298 and 299:
THE RED SEAPHYSIOGRAPHYThe Red Sea
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intensity of magnetization which co
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1969; SEARLE and ROSS, 1975). This
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y normal faulting. This is most int
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South of 19"N, the McKENZIE pole no
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BAUMANN, A., RICHTER, H. and SCHOEL
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EYAL, M., EYAL, Y., BARTOV, Y. and
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LEWIS, B.T.R. (1983). The process o
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TARLING, D.H. and MITCHELL, J.G. (1
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mC- 1000- 2000- 3000E0Figure 2.Sche
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-20b-0,20wFigure 4. Seismicity and
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kmaFigure 6. Summary of seismic ref
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kQ)Um 5U0c04 3N 4COQ)k3M*rlk332
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5 b'o w-Y EO'i Ii04!I 0I0I334
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II,'{34/,'0SOMALIAND: N. DANAKILFig
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spreadingvulcanismmblock faultingII
Page 330 and 331:
SUPERFICIAL SEDIMENTS OF NORTHERN R
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normally sorted, with median diamet
Page 334 and 335:
EL-SAYED (1983) used the trace meta
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BEHAIRY, AKA. (1983). Marine transg
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SHUKRI, N.M. (1953). Bottom deposit
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Table 2 Heavy metal concentrations
Page 342 and 343:
EGYPTEl-Morgan 1Bargan IBargan 2Yub
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Figure 4. Distribution of minerals
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ARAGONITEHIGH HG-CALCITEFigure 6. T
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MARINE LIVING RESOURCES OF THE RED
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This elevated productivity may resu
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REVELLE (1981) mentioned that the p
Page 354 and 355:
FISHELSON, L. (1964). Observation o
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