139736eo.pdf (20MB) - Japan Oceanographic Data Center
139736eo.pdf (20MB) - Japan Oceanographic Data Center 139736eo.pdf (20MB) - Japan Oceanographic Data Center
SUBRAHMANYAN, R. (1954b). A new member of the Euglenineae, Protoeuglena noctilucae gen.et sp. nov., occurring in Noctiluca miliaris SURIRAY, causing green discolouration of theSea off Calicut. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., 39, 118-127.SUDARA, S. (1984). Red tide and PSP phenomena in Thailand. Paper presented at theCSIRO-WESTPAC Red tide Workshop, Cronulla, 18-20 June 1984.SWEENEY, B.M. (1978). Ultrastructure of Noctiluca miliaris (Pyrrophyta) with green flagellatesymbionts. J. Phycology, 14, 116- 120.'TAKANO, H. (1956). Harmful blooming of minute cells of Thalassiosira decipiens in coastal waterin Tokyo Bay. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 12,63-67.TAKAYAMA, H. and ADACHI, R. (1984). Gymnodinium nagasakiense sp. nov. a red-tide formingdinophyte in the adjacent waters of Japan. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 31,7-14.TANGEN, K. (1983). Shellfish poisoning and the occurrence of potentially toxic dinoflagellates inNorwegian waters. Sarsia, 68, 1-7.TAYLOR, D.L. and SELIGER, H. (1979). Toxic dinoflagellate blooms. Developments in MarineBiology, vol. 1, Elsevier North-Holland, 497.TAYLOR, F.J.R. (1984). Toxic dinoflagellates: taxonomic and biogeographic aspects with emphasison Protogonyaulax. In: E.P. Ragelis (ed.), Seafood toxins, Amer. Chem. Soc. SymposiumSeries 262,77-97.WHITELEGGE, T. (1891). On the recent discolouration of the waters of Port Jackson. Records ofthe Australian Museum, 1,179-192.WOOD, E.J.F. (1964). Studies in microbial ecology of the Australasian region. 5. Microbiology ofsome Australian estuaries. Nova Hedwigia, 8,461-527.YAMOCHI. S. (1984). Mechanisms for outbreak of Heterosinma akashiwo red tide in Osaka Bav.Japan. part 3.' Release of vegetative cells from bottok mud. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 45,343-348.YASUMOTO, T., OSHIMA, Y., SUGAWARA, W., FUKUYO, Y., OGURI, H., IGARASHI, T.and FUJITA, N. (1978). Identification of Dinophysis fortii as the causative organism ofdiarrhetic shellfish poisoning. Bull. Japanese Soc. Sci. Fisheries, 46, 1405-141 1.112
Table 1.Clinical symptoms of various types of fish and shellfish poisoning.Causative Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa, Dinophysis fortii; Gambierdiscus toxicus.organism Protogonyaulaxxtamarensis; Protogonyaular Dinophysis acuminata; Ostreopsis siamensis;catenella; Gymnodinium catenatumDinophysis acutaProrocentrum limaSymptomsmild case:tingling sensation or numbness aroundlips, gradually spreading to face andneck; prickly sensation in fingertipsand toes; headache, dizziness, nausea,vomiting, diarrhoeasevere case:incoherent speech; progression ofstiffness and non-coordination oflimbs; general weakness and feelingof lightness; slight respiratorydifficulty; rapid pulse.after 30 min to afew hours: diarrhoea,nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain.Symptoms develop within12-24 hrs of eating fish.Gastro-intestional symptoms:diarrhoea, abdominal painnausea, vomitingNeurological symptoms:Numbness and tingling ofhands and feet; cold objectsfeel hot to touch; difficultyin balance; low heart rate andblood pressure; rashesExtreme case:Muscular paralysis; pronouncedrespiratory difficulty; chokingsensation; death through respiratoryparalysis may occur within 2 to 24 h afteringestionIn extreme cases,death through respiratoryfailureTreatmentPatient has stomach pumped and is givenartificial respiration. No lastingeffects.Recovery after 3 days,irrespective of medicaltreatment.No antitoxin or specifictreatment is available.Neurological symptoms maylast for months and evenyears. Calcium may helprelieve symptoms.113
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- Page 158 and 159: PILLAI, C.S.G. (1969b). Studies on
Table 1.Clinical symptoms of various types of fish and shellfish poisoning.Causative Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressa, Dinophysis fortii; Gambierdiscus toxicus.organism Protogonyaulaxxtamarensis; Protogonyaular Dinophysis acuminata; Ostreopsis siamensis;catenella; Gymnodinium catenatumDinophysis acutaProrocentrum limaSymptomsmild case:tingling sensation or numbness aroundlips, gradually spreading to face andneck; prickly sensation in fingertipsand toes; headache, dizziness, nausea,vomiting, diarrhoeasevere case:incoherent speech; progression ofstiffness and non-coordination oflimbs; general weakness and feelingof lightness; slight respiratorydifficulty; rapid pulse.after 30 min to afew hours: diarrhoea,nausea, vomiting,abdominal pain.Symptoms develop within12-24 hrs of eating fish.Gastro-intestional symptoms:diarrhoea, abdominal painnausea, vomitingNeurological symptoms:Numbness and tingling ofhands and feet; cold objectsfeel hot to touch; difficultyin balance; low heart rate andblood pressure; rashesExtreme case:Muscular paralysis; pronouncedrespiratory difficulty; chokingsensation; death through respiratoryparalysis may occur within 2 to 24 h afteringestionIn extreme cases,death through respiratoryfailureTreatmentPatient has stomach pumped and is givenartificial respiration. No lastingeffects.Recovery after 3 days,irrespective of medicaltreatment.No antitoxin or specifictreatment is available.Neurological symptoms maylast for months and evenyears. Calcium may helprelieve symptoms.113
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