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and emotions of the person are caused by the person’s non-improved social environment and disturbing experiences theyhave lived and are still living in.RECOMMANDATIONSThe following recommendations are based on the findings of this study; and include:1. People have to be educated about mental illness. This can be achieved through village gatherings, making use of media, andmaking information about the illness available. Young, middle age and elderly people have to be taught about mental illnessby engaging them in programs that demonstrates how the life of the mentally ill person can be improved should they livewithin an environment. Programs may include peer counseling to enhance mentally ill socialization levels, recreationalactivities that are consistent with their capabilities; in the acute phase, keep activities short and simple. Educating people bymaking information accessible helps the mentally ill person and their community and families to reduce the stigma attachedto mental illness and its victims. For instance for clients to become self-managers, it is essential they learn every thing theycan about their diagnosis and treatment strategies and their families should be included in this educational process.2. The community agencies have to be developed. The community agent can be a social therapist. The community therapistoffer therapy and teach problem-solving and social skills to the community at large without discrimination but giving eachindividual activity that suits their capabilities. They also ensure that medications are being taken properly. They shouldcoordinate available community services, guide clients through the community system, and perhaps most importantly, helpprotect client’s rights.3. The community health professionals and families of the mentally ill should help the mentally ill people by setting limits onthe time the mentally ill people talk about their failures because they may get more depressed or their grandiose beliefs thatmay cause them deny that they need help, by teaching them positive affirmations as a way to counter act negative talkwhich may cause the mentally ill to relapse.4. Engaging the mentally ill people in community activities and families helps them in identifying purposefully with life. Theyshould have opportunity for sense of belonging, value to friends’ short term goals, availability of supportive people andmake use of spiritual resources to decrease distress to facilitate early recovery of their condition.5. The department of Mental Health Department’s decentralization of its activities should facilitate adequate implementationof the Government’ goal of good health for all as well as the provision of funds needed for the treatment and support of thevictims.REFERENCESACA Code of Ethics & Standards of Practice, 1995.Accessed 21 April 2007 from www.counseling.org/Resources/CodeOfEthics/TP/Home/CT2.aspxAndreasen, N.C. (2001). Resolution of Polarization in Psychiatry. Accessed 17 March 2007 frommensanamonographs.tripod.com/id105.htmlAnglo-Ugandan Research, 1999: Healing mental illness the traditional way. Accessed 21 April 2007 fromhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/332641.stmAPA (American Psychological Association). 2000. DSM-IV text revision. Washington. DC: Author.Barnes, M & Marple, N. A. (1992). Women and Mental health: Challenging the Stereotypes. Britain. Birmingham.BBC News 2000 in the News Press for Change. Accessed 7 May 2007 from http://www.pfc.org.uk/node/692Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. NewYork: Guilford Press.Becker, H. S. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York: Free Press.Bockoven, J.S. (1963).Moral Treatment in American Psychiatry. New York, Springer Publishing Coy.185
Capuzzi, D & Gross. R. (2005). Counseling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions, 3 rd Edition. New York,Prentice HallComer, R.J. (2004).Abnormal Psychology. New York, Worth Publishers.Fontaine, L. k. (2003). Mental Health Nursing. 5 th Ed. New Jersey. Pearson Education. Inc.Gilligan, J.(2001). What works in Residential Care? Accessed 3 May 2007 from www.acu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/53962/WHAT_WORKS_IN_RESIDENTIAL_CARE_for_MYC_2209.pdfGoffman, E. (1963). Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York. Prentice Hall.Harpham, T. & Blue, I. B. (1996). Urbanisation and Mental Health in Developing Countries. England. Avebury.McPherson, S., Richardson, P. & Leroux, P. (2003). Clinical Effectiveness in Psychotherapy and Mental Health. London.Karnac.Miles, A. 1988. The Mentally-ill in the Contemporary Society: A Sociological Introduction. 2 nd Ed. Basil. BlackwellMohlomi Report, Lesotho 2000.Accessed 20 June 2005 from http://www.who.int/hac/techguidance/pht/womenshealth/Lesotho_Report_women_in_crisis_June2005.pdf.National Association of Psychiatric Health System (NAPHS)(1999), Assessing Performance at the Millennium. Access11 May 2007 from http://www.mhsip.org/assessing.htmPiajet, J. (1973). The Psychology of the Child. New York, Basic Books.Scaife, J. 2001. Supervision in the Mental Health Professions: A Practitioner’s guide. Canada. Brunner- Routledge.Sharma, T. (2000). Insights and treatment options for psychiatric disorders guided by functional MRI. Journal of ClinicalInvestigation, vol.112, 10-18Swartz, L. 1998. Culture and Mental Health: A Southern African View. Oxford University Press. SA Cape Town. SASzasz, T. S. 1970. The Manufacture of Madness: A Comparative Study of the Inquisition and the Mental HealthMovement. Syracuse. New York. Syracuse University Press.Szasz, T. S. 2000. Second Commentary on “Aristotle’s Function Argument.” Philosophical Psychiatry. Psychology. 7 (1),3 – 16Torrey, E. F. 2001. Surviving Schizophrenia: A manual for Families Consumers and Providers. 4 th Ed. New York. HarperCollins.Zust, B. L. 2000. Effect of Cognitive Therapy on Depression in Rural, Battered Women. Archives of Psychiatry Nursing.14 (2), 51-63.186
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