lifelong learning and distance higher education - Asia Pacific Region

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National Networked Consortium for Agricultural Science and Education:www.uast.com.cn/National Bureau of Statistics of China: www.stats.gov.cn/english/index.htmPeople’s Daily Online: http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/sci-edu.htmlThe Digital Museum Project: www.edu.cn/20020118/3018035.shtml.The Modern Distance Education Project: www.cde.edu.cn/.Xinhua Online: www.chinaview.cn/REFERENCESReferences related to policy considerationCCoCPC (2002) The Report of the Sixteenth CPC’s National Conference.CCoCPC & SC (1999) The Decision on Strengthening Educational Reform and BoostingEducation of Overall Qualification. The Decision made by the CCoCPC and theSC at the Third National Meeting on Education in 1999.MoE (1998) The Action Plan for Invigorating Education Towards the Twenty FirstCentury (1998-2002).MoE (1999) The Guidelines for Development of MDE Resources.MoE (2000a) The Notice on Pilot Project of Web-based Courses Instruction; theRegulations for Development of MDE Resources.MoE (2000b) The Notice on Conducting Construction Engineering of Web-based Coursesfor New Century.MoE (2000c) The Measures for Managing Construction Engineering of Web-basedCourses for New Century.MoE (2001a) Stride from A Country of Tremendous Population to A Country of ProfoundHuman Resources. Beijing: Higher Education Press.MoE (2001b) The Notice on Establishing Annual Assessment and Report System forNetworked Colleges in the HEIs of Pilot MDE.(MoE, 2001c) The Essential Opinions on Construction and Management of ExternalStudy Centres for MDE.MoE (2002a) The Opinions on Strengthening of Administration for Networked Collegesin the HEIs of Pilot MDE and Advancing Instructional Quality.MoE (2002b) The Temporary Measures for Managing External Study Centres for MDE.MoE (2003a) The New Action Plan for Invigorating Education (2003-2007).MoE (2003b) Implemental Regulations for Developing National-level Excellent Courses.MoE (2004a) Survey of the Educational Reform and Development in China.75
MoE (2004b) The Notice on Running National Unified Examinations for SeveralCommon Foundation Courses for Networked Colleges in the HEIs of PilotMDE.MoE (2005) The Capacity-based Standards of Educational Technologies for Teachers atPrimary and Secondary Schools.General referencesCNNIC. (2005). The Fifteenth Statistical Survey Report on the Internet Development inChina. Beijing: January 2005. (www.cnnic.net.cn/download/2005/2005012701.pdf)DDP of MoE. (2003). Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 2002. Beijing: People’sEducation Press.DDP of MoE. (2004). Educational Statistics Yearbook of China 2003. Beijing: People’sEducation Press.Ding, X. (1994). China’s higher distance education – its four systems and their structuralcharacteristics at three levels, Distance Education, 15, 2, 327-46.Ding, X. (1995). China’s higher distance education – its system, structure andadministration, in AAOU, Structure and Management of Open LearningSystems. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the AAOU, NewDelhi, 20-22 February 1995, New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National OpenUniversity, 1: 260-74.Ding X. (1999a). A Comparative Study of Distance Higher Education Systems inAustralia and China (short version). A PhD Thesis. ZIFF PAPIERE 112. Hagen:FernUniversitat.Ding, X. (1999b). Distance Education in China. In Harry, K. (ed.) Higher EducationThrough Open and Distance Learning. London and New York: Routledge andthe COL. Chapter 9.2: 176-89.Ding, X. (2001a). China. In Jegede, O. and Shive, G. (eds.) Open and Distance Educationin the Asia Pacific Region. Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong Press.Chapter 1: 27-43.Ding, X. (2001b). Distance Education. Beijing: Beijing Normal University Press.Ding, X. (2002). Distance Education Study. Beijing: Capital Normal University Press.ICEM of CCRTVU. (2003). Education Statistics Yearbook of RTVUs in China 2002.Beijing: CCTVU Press.ISIC of NBSC. (1999). The Research Report on Information Capacity Building in China.Zhang, Y. (2004). A Survey Report on Modern Distance Education for Higher Educationin China. Chinese Journal of Distance Education, 2004 (8b).Zhu Zhiting. (2004). The progress of educational informatisation in China (conferencePPT), July 2004.Zhu Zhiting, Gu Xiaoqing & Wang Qiyun. (2003). A panorama of online education inChina, Educational Technology, XLIII, No.3, 2003.76
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PERSPECTIVES ONDISTANCE EDUCATIONLi
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The Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIn addition to the
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These are some of the issues that a
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What are the trends and issues in l
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of policy implications relating to
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evince important differences that c
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inequitable regulations governing t
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associations and groups of countrie
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THE CONTRIBUTORChristopher McIntosh
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INTRODUCTIONIn his 1996 report to U
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Lastly, our analysis of the situati
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diploma or similar certificates of
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force of the undertaking. Here agai
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESUNESCO Task
Page 31 and 32: Notes1. This phrasing has been used
Page 33 and 34: goals (Daniel, 1996). Lifelong lear
Page 35 and 36: eported that group activity had red
Page 37 and 38: NEW AREAS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION:WO
Page 39 and 40: targets systematically for the use
Page 41 and 42: Rausch, A.S. (2003). A case study o
Page 43 and 44: correspondence teaching systems tha
Page 45 and 46: significant differences between syn
Page 47 and 48: In distance flexible- and blended-e
Page 49 and 50: STATE-FUNDED DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS ATUN
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.2: Fundable elements in dis
Page 53 and 54: sciences in 21 countries of the reg
Page 55 and 56: How a system is funded depends in p
Page 57 and 58: Litto, Fredric M. (2004). Digital l
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 5LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE A
Page 61 and 62: education, which was initiated by C
Page 63 and 64: So the virtual classroom acted as a
Page 65 and 66: In June 2002, when the course came
Page 67 and 68: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESFORCIIR proj
Page 69 and 70: 11. The approximate rate for 1€ w
Page 71 and 72: The term modern distance education
Page 73 and 74: the National Networked Consortium f
Page 75 and 76: important resource for undeveloped
Page 77 and 78: standards have been proposed for th
Page 79 and 80: The development of e-learning withi
Page 81: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESCCRTVU Onlin
Page 85 and 86: CHAPTER 7QUALITY ASSURANCE SURVEYOF
Page 87 and 88: (Paris, France, 28-29 June 2004) in
Page 89 and 90: Examples of elaborated QA policies:
Page 91 and 92: plans and produces its conventional
Page 93 and 94: SHTVU (China)• Teaching• Teachi
Page 95 and 96: offers its programmes to Turkish ci
Page 97 and 98: mega universities apply a set of st
Page 99 and 100: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESThe Commonwe
Page 101 and 102: 2. QA initiatives or publications b
Page 103 and 104: assurance of ODL. This DST will be
Page 105 and 106: Educational Planning has been respo
Page 107 and 108: A system of weighting of the key qu
Page 109 and 110: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESHigher Educa
Page 111 and 112: CHAPTER 9THE FINNISH VIRTUAL UNIVER
Page 113 and 114: foreign providers. In Finland, the
Page 115 and 116: to make the best use of new educati
Page 117 and 118: The foremost task for the Service U
Page 119 and 120: part of quality management. The aim
Page 121 and 122: online courses; an educational tech
Page 123 and 124: polytechnics, research institutions
Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 10PROMOTING CROSS-BORDERREC
Page 127 and 128: The Bologna Declaration was followe
Page 129 and 130: indicators currently being used for
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Table 9.1: Outline of the portfolio
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• Make sure that incoming student
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CHAPTER 11CHARTING THE EVOLUTIONOF
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Another common characteristic was t
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the current capacity of the educati
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conditions for success. Conditions
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Cultural and ethical issues in inte
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the cost and maintenance of learnin
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Research can be a useful tool for c
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REFERENCESBates, A. (1995). Technol
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Twigg, C. (2001). Quality Assurance
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y, for example, entering into partn
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and even greater steps, and the dec
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