lifelong learning and distance higher education - Asia Pacific Region

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REFERENCESCommonwealth of Learning (COL). www.col.org.Daniel, John. (1998). Can you get my hard nose in focus? Universities, mass educationand appropriate technology. In Marc Eisenstadt and Tom Vincent, TheKnowledge Web. London: Kogan Page.Delors, Jaques. (1996). Learning: the Treasure Within. Report to UNESCO of theInternational Commission on Education for the Twenty-First Century. Paris:UNESCO.Faure, Edgar. (1972). Learning to Be: The World of Education Today and Tomorrow.Report of the International Commission on the Development of Education.Paris, UNESCO.G8 (formerly G7). (1999). The Cologne Charter. See Web site www.g7.utoronto.ca/g7summit/1999koln/charter.htmGibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman, S., Scott, P. and Trow, M. (1994).The New Production of Knowledge. London, Sage.Gibbons, Michael. (2003). L’avenir de l’enseignement dans un monde gloablisé. In GillesBreton and Michel Lambert (eds.), Globalisation et universités. Paris, UNESCO.Lajos, Támás. (1998). Open and distance learning in the internationalisation of highereducation. In Marijk van der Wende (ed.). Virtual Mobility: New Technologiesand the Internationalization of Higher Education. The Hague, NetherlandsOrganization for International Cooperation in Higher Education (NUFFIC).Roberts, Peter, and Chambers, Mark (eds.). (2001). Digital Developments in HigherEducation. Cambridge, UK, and Los Angeles, USA, Taylor Graham.Schuetze, Hans G., and Slowey, Maria. (2000). Higher Education and Lifelong Learners:International Perspectives on Change. London and New York, RoutledgeFalmer.UNESCO. (1998). Higher Education in the 21 st Century: Vision and Action. Final Reportof the World Conference on Higher Education. Paris, UNESCO.UNESCO. (2004). Final Report of the Meeting of Higher Education Partners (WorldConference on Higher Education + 5). Paris, UNESCO.UNESCO. (2004). Higher Education in a Globalized Society. UNESCO EducationPosition Paper. Paris, UNESCO.UNESCO Institute for Education. (2003). Annual Report 2003. Hamburg: UIE.Van der Wende, Marijk (ed.). (1998). Virtual Mobility: New Technologies and theInternationalization of Higher Education. The Hague, Netherlands Organizationfor International Cooperation in Higher Education (NUFFIC).UNESCO/OECD. (2005). Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border HigherEducation. Paris, UNESCO/OECD. See Web site http://unesco.org/education/amg/guidelines9
THE CONTRIBUTORChristopher McIntoshFormerly employed by the United Nations Development Programme and later by theUNESCO Institute for Education, Hamburg, as Executive Editor of the InternationalReview of Education. Currently teaching at the University of Bremen, Germany.E-mail: mcintoshofbremen@yahoo.de10
Page 1 and 2: PERSPECTIVES ONDISTANCE EDUCATIONLi
Page 3 and 4: The Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIn addition to the
Page 7 and 8: These are some of the issues that a
Page 9 and 10: What are the trends and issues in l
Page 11 and 12: of policy implications relating to
Page 13 and 14: evince important differences that c
Page 15 and 16: inequitable regulations governing t
Page 17: associations and groups of countrie
Page 21 and 22: INTRODUCTIONIn his 1996 report to U
Page 23 and 24: Lastly, our analysis of the situati
Page 25 and 26: diploma or similar certificates of
Page 27 and 28: force of the undertaking. Here agai
Page 29 and 30: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESUNESCO Task
Page 31 and 32: Notes1. This phrasing has been used
Page 33 and 34: goals (Daniel, 1996). Lifelong lear
Page 35 and 36: eported that group activity had red
Page 37 and 38: NEW AREAS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION:WO
Page 39 and 40: targets systematically for the use
Page 41 and 42: Rausch, A.S. (2003). A case study o
Page 43 and 44: correspondence teaching systems tha
Page 45 and 46: significant differences between syn
Page 47 and 48: In distance flexible- and blended-e
Page 49 and 50: STATE-FUNDED DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS ATUN
Page 51 and 52: Table 4.2: Fundable elements in dis
Page 53 and 54: sciences in 21 countries of the reg
Page 55 and 56: How a system is funded depends in p
Page 57 and 58: Litto, Fredric M. (2004). Digital l
Page 59 and 60: CHAPTER 5LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE A
Page 61 and 62: education, which was initiated by C
Page 63 and 64: So the virtual classroom acted as a
Page 65 and 66: In June 2002, when the course came
Page 67 and 68: RELEVANT INTERNET SITESFORCIIR proj
Page 69 and 70:
11. The approximate rate for 1€ w
Page 71 and 72:
The term modern distance education
Page 73 and 74:
the National Networked Consortium f
Page 75 and 76:
important resource for undeveloped
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standards have been proposed for th
Page 79 and 80:
The development of e-learning withi
Page 81 and 82:
RELEVANT INTERNET SITESCCRTVU Onlin
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MoE (2004b) The Notice on Running N
Page 85 and 86:
CHAPTER 7QUALITY ASSURANCE SURVEYOF
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(Paris, France, 28-29 June 2004) in
Page 89 and 90:
Examples of elaborated QA policies:
Page 91 and 92:
plans and produces its conventional
Page 93 and 94:
SHTVU (China)• Teaching• Teachi
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offers its programmes to Turkish ci
Page 97 and 98:
mega universities apply a set of st
Page 99 and 100:
RELEVANT INTERNET SITESThe Commonwe
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2. QA initiatives or publications b
Page 103 and 104:
assurance of ODL. This DST will be
Page 105 and 106:
Educational Planning has been respo
Page 107 and 108:
A system of weighting of the key qu
Page 109 and 110:
RELEVANT INTERNET SITESHigher Educa
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER 9THE FINNISH VIRTUAL UNIVER
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foreign providers. In Finland, the
Page 115 and 116:
to make the best use of new educati
Page 117 and 118:
The foremost task for the Service U
Page 119 and 120:
part of quality management. The aim
Page 121 and 122:
online courses; an educational tech
Page 123 and 124:
polytechnics, research institutions
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CHAPTER 10PROMOTING CROSS-BORDERREC
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The Bologna Declaration was followe
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indicators currently being used for
Page 131 and 132:
the qualification resulting from th
Page 133 and 134:
Table 9.1: Outline of the portfolio
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• Make sure that incoming student
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CHAPTER 11CHARTING THE EVOLUTIONOF
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Another common characteristic was t
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the current capacity of the educati
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conditions for success. Conditions
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Cultural and ethical issues in inte
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the cost and maintenance of learnin
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Research can be a useful tool for c
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REFERENCESBates, A. (1995). Technol
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Twigg, C. (2001). Quality Assurance
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y, for example, entering into partn
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and even greater steps, and the dec
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