lifelong learning and distance higher education - Asia Pacific Region

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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESMinistry of Education, Finlandwww.minedu.fiFinnish Virtual Universitywww.virtualuniversity.fiThe Finnish Virtual University (FVU) is a partnership of all the 21 Finnish universities.It is based on collaboration, division of labour, shared knowledge and expertise of thesemember universities. It promotes online learning and teaching and develops compatibleinformation infrastructures.Virtual Polytechnicwww.virtuaaliamk.fi/channels/www/eng/etusivu.htmlThe Virtual Polytechnic is the Finnish polytechnics’ national co-operation organisationthat promotes and develops online learning and teaching, networking and network-basedservices.Open Universitieswww.avoinyliopisto.fi/english/index.htmlOpen university education is arranged in co-operation with the subject departmentsof the universities. It corresponds to regular degree studies both in terms of objectivesand requirements. Open universities cannot award degrees, but the credits obtained inthem are transferable and can be used counted towards a degree after enrolment in auniversity.The university programmes for the third age are a special form of open university.Their aim is to impart knowledge of topical research findings to older people, as wellas to offer them opportunities for independent studies at the university level withoutformal qualification requirements. The University of the Third Age (UTA) is a meetingplace for scientific knowledge and life experience.University Continuing Education Networkwww.dipoli.hut.fi/uce/english/index.htmlUniversity Continuing Education Network (UCEF) is a co-operative organisation forthe extension education institutions in the Finnish universities. Every Finnish universityis represented in the network, usually by their continuing education director. UCEFwas founded in 1990. The headquarters is located at Helsinki University of TechnologyLifelong Learning Institute Dipoli.National Electronic Librarywww.lib.helsinki.fi/finelib/english/The National Electronic Library (FinELib) acquires Finnish and internationalresources in support of teaching, learning and research. FinELib negotiates user-rightsagreements for electronic resources on a centralised basis for its member organisations.Helsinki University Library, The National Library of Finland, is responsible forFinELib operations and development.CSC, the Finnish IT centre for sciencewww.csc.fi/suomi/info/index.phtml.enCSC is the Finnish IT centre for science, administered by the Ministry of Education.CSC provides modelling, computing, and information services for universities,118
polytechnics, research institutions and industrial companies. Funet communicationlinks, maintained by CSC, provide research workers with Finland’s widest selectionof scientific software and databases and Finland’s most powerful supercomputingenvironment.European Higher Education Area and the Bologna processwww.bologna-berlin2003.de/pdf/Communique1.pdfwww.bologna-bergen2005.no/The Bologna Declaration aims at the establishment of a European area of highereducation by the end of this decade. This area should promote the mobility of people,the transparency and recognition of qualification, the quality and European dimensionof higher education, the attractiveness of European institutions for third countrystudents.Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in theEuropean Region (the Lisbon Convention), 1997http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/165.htmThe Convention, jointly drafted by the Council of Europe and UNESCO, is designedto facilitate the mutual recognition of qualifications between countries of the Europeanregion.REFERENCESMinistry of Education. (2004a). Development Plan for Education and Research2003−2008. Publication of the Ministry of Education, Finland 2004:8. www.minedu.fi/julkaisut/koulutus/2004/opm08/opm08.pdfMinistry of Education. (1999). Education, Training and Research in the InformationSociety − A National Strategy for 2000−2004. Publication of the Ministry ofEducation, Finland. www.minedu.fi/julkaisut/information/englishU/welcome.htmlMinistry of Education. (2000). Information Strategy for Education and Research2000−2004: Implementation Plan. Publication of the Ministry of Education,Finland. www.minedu.fi/julkaisut/pdf/tietostrategia/toimeenpanosuunnitelmaENG.pdfMinistry of Education. (2004b). The Information Society Programme for Education,Training and Research 2004−2006. Publication of the Ministry of Education,Finland 2004:14. www.minedu.fi/julkaisut/koulutus/2004/opm14/opm14.pdfMinistry of Education. (2004c). Management and Steering of Higher Education inFinland. Publication of the Ministry of Education, Finland 2004:20. www.minedu.fi/julkaisut/koulutus/2004/opm20/opm20.pdf119
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PERSPECTIVES ONDISTANCE EDUCATIONLi
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The Commonwealth of Learning (COL)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIn addition to the
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These are some of the issues that a
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What are the trends and issues in l
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of policy implications relating to
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evince important differences that c
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inequitable regulations governing t
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associations and groups of countrie
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THE CONTRIBUTORChristopher McIntosh
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INTRODUCTIONIn his 1996 report to U
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Lastly, our analysis of the situati
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diploma or similar certificates of
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force of the undertaking. Here agai
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESUNESCO Task
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Notes1. This phrasing has been used
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goals (Daniel, 1996). Lifelong lear
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eported that group activity had red
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NEW AREAS FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION:WO
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targets systematically for the use
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Rausch, A.S. (2003). A case study o
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correspondence teaching systems tha
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significant differences between syn
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In distance flexible- and blended-e
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STATE-FUNDED DUAL-MODE SYSTEMS ATUN
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Table 4.2: Fundable elements in dis
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sciences in 21 countries of the reg
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How a system is funded depends in p
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Litto, Fredric M. (2004). Digital l
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CHAPTER 5LIFELONG LEARNING IN THE A
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education, which was initiated by C
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So the virtual classroom acted as a
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In June 2002, when the course came
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RELEVANT INTERNET SITESFORCIIR proj
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11. The approximate rate for 1€ w
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Page 125 and 126: CHAPTER 10PROMOTING CROSS-BORDERREC
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Page 151 and 152: REFERENCESBates, A. (1995). Technol
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Page 155 and 156: y, for example, entering into partn
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