Medicinal Plants with Wound Healing and Antioxidant Activity ... - IJPI
Medicinal Plants with Wound Healing and Antioxidant Activity ... - IJPI
Medicinal Plants with Wound Healing and Antioxidant Activity ... - IJPI
- No tags were found...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031<strong>Medicinal</strong> <strong>Plants</strong> <strong>with</strong> <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Antioxidant</strong><strong>Activity</strong>: An Update1 Aggarwal Sushma* <strong>and</strong> Sardana Satish 21 Department of Pharmacy, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, INDIA2 Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, INDIAAbstract:For centuries, plants have been used to treat several diseases worldwide including woundhealing, <strong>and</strong> are still playing a major role in healthcare systems in many developing countries.<strong>Wound</strong> is defined as the disruption of the cellular <strong>and</strong> anatomic continuity of a tissue <strong>and</strong>may be produced by physical, chemical, thermal, microbial or immunological insult to thetissues. The process of wound healing consists of integrated cellular <strong>and</strong> biochemical eventsleading to re-establishment of structural <strong>and</strong> functional integrity <strong>with</strong> regain of strength ininjured tissues. During wound healing reactive oxygen species (ROS) or free radicals areproduced at the site of wound as a defence mechanism against invading bacteria but at highconcentrations ROS can induce severe tissue damage <strong>and</strong> decreasing the healing process bydamaging the cellular membranes, DNA, proteins <strong>and</strong> lipids. It has been found that manyplants or plant-derived compounds possess high levels of antioxidant properties <strong>and</strong> alsoshow wound-healing activities by scavenging these free radicals. This paper presents areview of plants <strong>with</strong> <strong>Wound</strong> healing <strong>and</strong> antioxidant activity. These are Acacia Senegal,Centellia asiatica, Curcuma longa, Ficus lutea, Plumbago indica , Wedelia trilobata ,Limonia Acidissima , Sphaeranthus amaranthoides ,Morinda citrifolia <strong>and</strong> many more. So itis the need of hour to search for “natural remedies” for the treatment of wounds <strong>with</strong> novelantioxidant activity.Keywords: <strong>Wound</strong>, <strong>Wound</strong> healing, <strong>Antioxidant</strong>, Free radical scavenger,Introduction:For centuries plants have been used in thetreatment of various diseases since timeimmemorial in both organised (Ayurveda<strong>and</strong> Unani) <strong>and</strong> unorganised (folk, tribal,native) forms [1] . Materia Medica of Indiaprovides a lot of information on thefolklore practice <strong>and</strong> traditional aspects oftherapeutically important natural products.Traditional systems of medicine in Indialike Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha <strong>and</strong>Homeopathy (AYUSH), are based on theuse of herbal medicines <strong>and</strong> constitute thebackbone of all these systems. The WHOestimates that about 80% of populationliving in developing countries rely almoston traditional medicines for their primaryhealthcare needs [2] . Today, a substantial*Corresponding AuthorAggarwal SushmaVolume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201330 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031number of drugs are developed fromplants that are active against a number ofdiseases including wound healing [3] .<strong>Wound</strong>s are physical injuries that result inan opening or breaking of the skin. <strong>Wound</strong>is defined as the disruption of the cellular<strong>and</strong> anatomic continuity of a living tissue.<strong>Wound</strong> may be produced by physical,chemical, thermal, microbial orimmunological insult to the tissues [4] .Types of wounds:<strong>Wound</strong>s are classified into differentcategories on the basis of underlying causeof wound creation <strong>and</strong> on the basis ofphysiology of wound healing as shownbelow-TYPES OF WOUNDSBased onunderlying causeofwound creationBased onPhysiology ofwound healingOpen woundsClosed woundsAcute woundsChronic wounds*Abrasion wounds*Lacration wounds*Incised wounds*Puncure wounds*Penetrationwounds*Gunshot wounds*Contusion*Hematomas* Crush injuriesVolume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201331 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031Mechanism of <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong><strong>Wound</strong> healing is a complex process <strong>and</strong>consists of integrated cellular <strong>and</strong>biochemical events that lead to reestablishmentof structural <strong>and</strong> functionalintegrity <strong>with</strong> regain of strength in injuredtissues. Proper healing of wounds isessential for the restoration of disruptedanatomical continuity <strong>and</strong> disturbedfunctional status of the skin.The response to injury is immediate <strong>and</strong>the damaged tissue or wound for properhealing passes through three broadphases [5, 6] . These are‣ The inflammatory phase‣ The fibroplastic phase‣ The remodelling phaseThe inflammatory phase prepares thearea for healing <strong>and</strong> immobilizes thewound by causing it to swell <strong>and</strong> becomepainful, so that movement becomesrestricted. The fibroplastic phase rebuildsthe structure <strong>and</strong> then the remodellingphase provides the final healed form.<strong>Wound</strong>s affect physical <strong>and</strong> mentalhealth of millions of patients <strong>and</strong> imposesignificant cost to them. [7] . Impairedwound healing can result into severemorbidity leading to long hospitalizationof patients. There are many factors thatcan interfere <strong>with</strong> wound healing process<strong>and</strong> thus causing improper or impairedwound healing. These factors includepoor nutrition, insufficient oxygenation,infection, prolonged inflammation, age,diabetes <strong>and</strong> other diseases, drugs,smoking, alcoholism, depression,oxidative stress <strong>and</strong> many more [8] .Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 2013Oxidative stress plays an important rolein impaired wound healing <strong>and</strong> causesdamage to the growing tissue at therepair site. Oxidative stress results froman imbalance between the generation ofreactive oxygen species <strong>and</strong> endogenousantioxidant systems. In the inflammatoryphase of wound healing, reactive oxygenspecies are produced as a defencemechanism against invading bacteria byneutrophills <strong>and</strong> macrophages, <strong>and</strong> lowlevels of ROS are also essentialmediators of intracellular signalling .<strong>Wound</strong> related non-phagocytic cells alsogenerate free radicals by involving nonphagocyticNADPH oxidase mechanism[9] . However, excessive amounts of ROSare deleterious due to their high reactivity<strong>and</strong> causes oxidative stress. The processof wound healing may be hampered bythe presence of these free radicals whichcan damage the cells surrounding thewound in excessive amount. At highconcentration ROSs also induce severtissue damage, pathogenesis of chronic,non-healing wound <strong>and</strong> even lead toneoplastic transformation which furtherdelay healing process by causing damageto cellular membranes, DNA , proteins<strong>and</strong> lipids[10] . Therefore, a tightregulation of ROS production <strong>and</strong>detoxification is crucial for the normalrepair process.<strong>Antioxidant</strong>s reduce these effects causedby oxidative stress by reacting <strong>with</strong> thesefree radicals or ROSs <strong>and</strong> act as freeradical scavengers. Free-radicalscavengingenzymes are cytoprotectiveenzymes that have an essential role in thereduction, deactivation <strong>and</strong> removal of32 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031ROS as well as in regulating the woundhealing process.Hence, if the plant or its extract havingantioxidant potentials could be a goodtherapeutic agent for accelerating thewound healing process <strong>and</strong> could beexpected to promote epithelisation bycontrolling oxidative stress. Botanicals<strong>with</strong> antioxidant or free radicalscavengingactivity thus can play asignificant role in healing of wounds [11] .The aim of treating wounds is to shortenthe time taken for healing <strong>and</strong> to reducerisks of undesired complications [12] .The wound healing activities of plantshave been explored in folklore. <strong>Plants</strong>promote therepairmechanisms in the natural way. Herbalmedicines in wound management involvedisinfection, debridement <strong>and</strong> providinga moist environment to encourage theestablishment of the suitable environmentfor natural healing process [13] . Extensiveresearch has been carried out in the areaof wound healing management throughmedicinal plants. Topical applications ofcompounds <strong>with</strong> free-radical-scavengingproperties in patients have shownimproved wound healing activity <strong>and</strong>also protect tissues from oxidativedamage [14]In this review an attempt has been madeto explore medicinal plants havingpotential wound healing <strong>and</strong> antioxidantproperties which could be beneficial intherapeutic practice <strong>and</strong> helpful forresearcher to develop new <strong>Wound</strong>healing formulations for human use. Alist of plants possessing both woundhealing <strong>and</strong> antioxidant properties ispresented in table1 <strong>with</strong> their botanicalname, family, part used <strong>and</strong>corresponding reference.Conclusion:Many plants used traditionally intreatment of wound also have potentialantioxidant activity. This review helpsthe researchers to explore plants for thetreatment of wounds <strong>with</strong> novelantioxidant activity that could bebeneficial in therapeutic practice.Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201333 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031Table: List of medicinal plants having wound healing <strong>and</strong> antioxidant activityS.N Botanical name Family Part used References1 Acacia Senegal (L. Wild) Fabaceae Bark [15]2 Acalypha indica L. Euphobiaceae Whole plant [15]3 Achyranthes aspera Linn Amaranthaceae Leaves [16]4 Allophyllus rubifolius (Hochst. Ex A Saphindaceae Leaf [15]Rich.) Engl.5 Allophylus africanus Beau, Sapindaceae Leaves [17]6 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Roots [18]7 Anagallis arvensis L. Primulaceae Aerial parts [19]8 Anagallis foemina Mill Primulaceae Aerial parts [19]9 Anogeissus dhofarica A.J. Scott Combretaceae Tubers [15]10 Anogeissus leiocarpus Combretaceae Leaves [18]11 Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Rubiaceae Whole plant [20]12 Aristolochia bracteolate L. Aristolochiaceae Leaves [21]13 Becium dhofarense Sebald Lamiaceae Shoot [15]14 Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf Zingiberaceae Rhizome [22]15 Bridelia ferruginea Benth Phyllanthaceae Leaf [23]16 Buddleja globosa Hope Scrophulariaceae Leaf [24]17 Centelia asiastica(L.)Urb Araliaceae Leaves [25]18 Chromolaena odorata L. Asteraceae Leaves [26]19 Cleod<strong>and</strong>rum infortunatum L. Verbenaceae Leaves [27]20 Combretum smeathmanii G. Don Combretaceae Leaves [28]21 Corchorus olitorius Tiliaceae Leaves [18]22 Cordia perrottetti L. Boraginaceae Bark [15]23 Couroupita guianensis Aublet Lecythiadaceae: Whole plant [29]24 Crateva magna Buch Ham Capparidaceae Leaves [30]25 Croton bonpl<strong>and</strong>ianum Euporbiaceae Leaves [31]26 Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Curcumin [32]27 Dendrophthoe falcate (L. f.) Ettingsh Loranthaceae Aerial parts [33]28 Ficus asperifolia Miq Moraceae Bark [34]29 Ficus lutea Vahl Moraceae Whole plant [15]Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201334 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031Refrences:1. Girach RD, Khan H, Ahmad M.Botanical identification of Thuharseldom used as Unani medicine.Hamdard Medicus 2003; vol.XLVI, No. 1:23-27.2. Mukherjee PK. Quality control ofHerbal drugs, An approach toEvaluation of Botanicals.; BuisnessHorizon, New Delhi , India, 2007,pp2-3.3. Fabricant DS, Farnsworth NR. Thevalue of plants used in Traditionalmedicine for drug Discovery.Environ Health Pers. 2001; 109 :69-75.4. Kumarasamyraja D, JeganathanNS, Manavalan R, A review onmedicinal plants <strong>with</strong> potentialwound healing activity.International J. of Pharma Sciences2012; 2 :105-111.5. Shetty S, Udupa S, Udupa LEvaluation of antioxidant <strong>and</strong>wound healing effect of alcoholic<strong>and</strong> aqueous extract of Ocimumsanctum Linn. in rats. Evd. basedcomplement alternat. Med. 2008;5: 95-101.6. Sidhu, GS, Mani H, Gaddipatti JP,Singh AK, Seth, P.,Banaudha,K.K., Patnaik, G.K.,Maheshwari, R.K.,. Curcuminenhances wound healing instreptozotocin induced diabetic rats<strong>and</strong> genetically diabetic mice.<strong>Wound</strong> Repair <strong>and</strong> Regeneration1999; 7: 362–374.7. Victor YA Barku, Yaw Opoku-Boahen, Ernest Owusu-Ansah,Nicholas T.K.D. Dayie, FrancisEnock Mensah. In-Vitroassessment of <strong>Antioxidant</strong> <strong>and</strong>Antimicrobial activities ofMethanol extracts of six woundhealing <strong>Medicinal</strong> plants. J. ofNatural sci. Res. 2013; 1:74-80.8. Nagori, B., Solanki, R., Role ofmedicinal plants in wound healing.Research Journal of <strong>Medicinal</strong><strong>Plants</strong> 2011; 5: 392–405.9. Griendling, KK, Sorescu D,FukaiMU. NADPH oxidase: role incardiovascular biology <strong>and</strong>diseases. Circulation Research2000; 86: 494–501.10. Jorge M P, Madjarof C, Ruiz A LT G, Fern<strong>and</strong>es A T, Rodrigues RA F, Sousa I M O, Foglio M A,Carvalho J E. Evaluation of woundhealing properties of Arrabidaeachica Verlot extract 2008; Journalof Ethnopharmacology 2008; 118:361–366.11. Kamath JV,Rana A.C. , ChaudharyAR. Prohealing effect ofCinnamomum zeylenicum bark .Phytotherapy research 2003;17:970-972.12. MacKay D, Miller A. Nutritionalsupport for wound healing.Alternative Medicine Review2003; 8: 359–377.13. Purna SK, Babu M. Collagen baseddressings: a review. Burns 2000; 6:54-62.14. Thiem B, GrosslinkaO.Antimicrobial activity of Rubuschamaemorus leaves. Fitoterapia2003; 75:93-95.Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201336 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-103115. Marwah RG, Fatope MO,Mahrooqi RA, Varma GB, AbadiHA, Al- Burtamani SK S.<strong>Antioxidant</strong> capacity of someedible <strong>and</strong> wound healing plants inOman. Food Chemistry. 2007; 101:465–470.16. Edwin S, Jarald E Edwin ,Deb L,Jain A, Kinger H, K.R. Dutt KR,Raj AA. <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>Antioxidant</strong><strong>Activity</strong>of Achyranthesaspera..Pharmaceutical biology 2008; V46: 824-828.17. Margaret O. Sofidiya1, Florence O.Jimoh, Adamu A. Aliero,AnthonyJ. Afolayan, Olukemi A. Odukoya<strong>and</strong> Oluwole B. Familoni.Evaluation of antioxidant <strong>and</strong>antibacterial properties of sixSapindaceae members. Journal of<strong>Medicinal</strong> <strong>Plants</strong> Research 2012;6(1):154-160.18. Victor Y. A. Barku, Yaw Opoku-Boahen, Ernest Owusu-Ansah,Nicholas T. K.D. Dayie, FrancisEnock Mensah. In-VitroAssessment of <strong>Antioxidant</strong> <strong>and</strong>Antimicrobial Activities ofMethanol Extracts of Six <strong>Wound</strong><strong>Healing</strong> <strong>Medicinal</strong> <strong>Plants</strong>. Journalof Natural Sciences Research 2013;3:74-80.19. Lopez V, Jager A K, Akerreta S,Cavero R Y, Calvo M.Pharmacological properties ofAnagallis arvensis L.(“scarletpimpernel”) <strong>and</strong> Anagallisfoemina Mill. (“bluepimpernel”)traditionally used as wound healingremedies in Navarra (Spain).Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2011; 134:1014–1017.20. Umachigi SP, Kumar GS,Jayaveera KN, Kumar DVK,KumarC.KA , Dhanapal.R.Antimicrobial, <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>Antioxidant</strong>Activitiesof Anthocephalus Cadamba. Afr JTradit Complement AlternMed. 2007; 4(4) : 481–487.21. Shirwaikar A, Somashekar AP,Udupa AL, Udupa S L,Somashekar S. <strong>Wound</strong> healingstudies of Aristolochia bracteolataLam. <strong>with</strong> supportive action ofantioxidantenzymes.Phytomedicine 2003; 10: 558–62.22. Jitvaropas R, SaenthaweesukS, Somparn N, ThuppiaA, Sireeratawong S, PhoolcharoenW. <strong>Antioxidant</strong>,antimicrobial <strong>and</strong>wound healing activities ofBoesenbergia rotunda.Nat ProdCommun. 2012 Jul; 7(7) : 909-912.23. Adetutu A, Morgan WA, CorcoranO. Antibacterial, antioxidant <strong>and</strong>fibroblast growth stimulationactivity of crude extracts ofBridelia ferruginea leaf, a woundhealingplant of Nigeria. Journal ofEthnopharmacology. 2011;133:116–119.24. Mensah AY, Sampson J, HoughtonPJ, Hyl<strong>and</strong>s PJ, Westbrook J, DunnCM. Effects of Buddleja globosaleaf <strong>and</strong> its constituents relevant towound healing. Journal ofEthnopharmacology ; 2001; 77:219–226.Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201337 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-103125. Shukla A, Rasik AM, Dhawan BN.Asiaticoside-induced elevation ofantioxidant Levels in healingwounds. Phytotherapy Research1999; 13:50–54.26. Thang PT, Patrick S, Teik LS,Yung CS. Anti-oxidant effects ofthe extracts from the leaves ofChromolaena odorata on hum<strong>and</strong>ermal fibroblasts <strong>and</strong> epidermalkeratinocytes against hydrogenperoxide <strong>and</strong> hypoxanthine–xanthine oxidase induced damage.Burns. 2001; 27:319–327.27. Gouthamch<strong>and</strong>ra K, Mahmood R,Manjunatha H. Free radicalscavenging, antioxidant enzymes<strong>and</strong> wound healing activities ofleaves extracts from Clerodendruminfortunatum L. EnvironmentalToxicology <strong>and</strong> Pharmacology2010; 30:11–18.28. Agyare C, Asase A, LechtenbergM, Niehues M, Deters A, HenselA. An ethnopharmacologicalsurvey <strong>and</strong> in vitro confirmation ofethnopharmacological use ofmedicinal plants used for woundhealing in Bosomtwi-Atwima-Kwanwoma area, Ghana. Journalof Ethnopharmacology. 2009;125:393–403.29. Umachigi SP, Jayaveera K.N.,Kumar ACK, Kumar GS.Antimicrobial, <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong> <strong>and</strong><strong>Antioxidant</strong> potential ofCouroupita guianensis in rats.Pharmacologyonline 2007; 3:269-281.30. Pattanaik S, Ch<strong>and</strong>ra SSI, Naik SS.Evaluation of free radicalscavenging activity, wound healingactivity <strong>and</strong> estimation of phenolic,flavonoid <strong>and</strong> proanthocyanidinecontents of the plant “Cratevamagna”. Asian Journal ofPharmaceutical <strong>and</strong> ClinicalResearch. 2012; Vol 5, Suppl 3:168-17131. Divya S , Krishna NK,Ramach<strong>and</strong>ran S, Dhanaraju MD.<strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong> <strong>and</strong> In Vitro<strong>Antioxidant</strong> Activities of Crotonbonpl<strong>and</strong>ianum Leaf Extract inRats. Global Journal ofPharmacology 2011; 5 (3): 159-163.32. Gopinath D, Ahmed M R, GomathiK, Chitra K, Sehgal P K,Jayakumar R. Dermal woundhealing processes <strong>with</strong> curcuminincorporated collagen films.Biomaterials. 2004; 25:1911–17.33. Pattanayak S P, Sunita P. <strong>Wound</strong>healing, anti-microbial <strong>and</strong>antioxidant potential ofDendrophthoe falcata (L.f)Ettingsh. Journal ofEthnopharmacology. 2008;120:241–247.34. Annan K, Houghton P J.Antibacterial, antioxidant <strong>and</strong>fibroblast growth stimulation ofaqueous extracts of Ficusasperifolia Miq. <strong>and</strong> Gossypiumarboreum L., <strong>Wound</strong>-healingplants of Ghana. Journal ofEthnopharmacology. 2008;119:141–144.Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201338 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-103135. Steenkamp V, Mathivha E, GouwsMC, Rensburg CEJ. Studies onantibacterial, antioxidawnt <strong>and</strong>fibroblast growth stimulation ofwound healing remedies fromSouth Africa. Journal ofEthnopharmacology 2004; 95:353–35736. Upadhyay NK, Kumar R,M<strong>and</strong>otra SK, Meena RN, SiddiquiMS, Sawhney RC. Safety <strong>and</strong>healing efficacy of Sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.) seedoil on burn wounds in rats. Food<strong>and</strong> Chemical Toxicology 2009;47:1146–1153.37. Reddy BS, Reddy RKK, NaiduVGM, Madhusudhana K, AgwaneSB, Ramakrishna S. Evaluation ofantimicrobial, antioxidant <strong>and</strong>wound-healing potentials ofHoloptelea integrifolia. Journal ofEthnopharmacology 2008;115:249–256.38. Ilango K, Chitra V. <strong>Wound</strong><strong>Healing</strong> <strong>and</strong> Anti-oxidantActivities of the Fruit Pulp ofLimonia acidissima Linn(Rutaceae) in Rats. TropicalJournal of PharmaceuticalResearch June 2010; 9(3): 223-230.39. Nualkaew S, Rattanamanee K,Thongpraditchote S, WongkrajangY, Nahrstedt A. Antiinflammatory,analgesic <strong>and</strong> woundhealing activities of the leaves ofMemecylon edule Roxb. Journal ofEthnopharmacology. 2009;121:278–281.Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201340. Rasal VP, Sinnathambi A, AshokP, Yeshmaina S. <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong><strong>and</strong> <strong>Antioxidant</strong> Activities ofMorinda citrifolia Leaf Extract inRats. Iranian Journal ofPharmacology & Therapeutics2008; 7:49- 52.41. Singh M, Govindarajan R, Nath V,Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S.Antimicrobial, wound healing <strong>and</strong>antioxidant activity ofPlagiochasma appendiculatumLehm. et Lind. Journal ofEthnopharmacology 2006;107:67–72.42. Sujin Jebakumar Kumar T,Balavigneswaran CK, Prakash S,Natheer Hassan Y, SrinivasakumarKP. Excision wound healing <strong>and</strong>antioxidant activity of different rootextractof Plumbagoindica,<strong>Medicinal</strong> Plant Research2012; 3(3): 13-19.43. Roy P, Amdekar S, Kumar A,Singh R, Sharma P, Singh V. Invivo antioxidative property,antimicrobial <strong>and</strong> wound healingactivity of flower extractsof Pyrostegia venusta (KerGawl) Miers. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2012; 140: 186-192.44. Berenguer B, Sanchez L M, QuilezA, Lopez-Barreiro M, deHaro O,Galvez J, et al. Protective <strong>and</strong>antioxidant effects of Rhizophoramangle L. against NSAID-inducedgastric ulcers. Journal ofEthnopharmacology 2006;103:194–200.45. Suntara I, Akkol EK, Senol FS,Keles H, Orhan IE. Investigating39 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OFREVIEW ARTICLEPHARMACEUTICAL INNOVATIONS ISSN 2249-1031wound healing, tyrosinaseinhibitory <strong>and</strong> antioxidant activitiesof the ethanol extracts of Salviacryptantha <strong>and</strong> Salvia cyanescensusing in vivo <strong>and</strong> in vitroexperimental models. Journal ofEthnopharmacology 2011; 135:71–77.46. Geethalakshmi R , SakravarthiC, Kritika T, Kirubakaran MA,Sarada DVL. Evaluation of<strong>Antioxidant</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Wound</strong> <strong>Healing</strong>Potentials of Sphaeranthusamaranthoides Burm.f. BioMedResearchInternational,Volume 2013 (2013), ArticleID 607109, 7 pages47. Bharathi RV, Veni BK, Jayashree,Suseela L, Thirumal M.<strong>Antioxidant</strong> <strong>and</strong> wound healingstudies on different extracts ofStereospermum colais leaf. Int. J.Res. Pharm. Sci. 2010;1, (4), 435-439.48. Lopes G C, Sanches A C C,Nakamura C V, Filho B P D,Hern<strong>and</strong>es L, Mello J C P.Influence of extracts ofStryphnodendron polyphyllumMart. <strong>and</strong> Stryphnodendronobovatum Benth. on thecicatrisation of cutaneous woundsin rats. Journal ofEthnopharmacology. 2005;99:265–72.49. Yusufoglu HS, Alquoumi SA.Antiinflammatory <strong>and</strong> woundhealing activity of Herbal Gelcontaining an <strong>Antioxidant</strong> Tamarixaphylla Leaf extract. InternationalJ. of Pharmacology 2011;7 (8) :829-835.50. Balekar N, Katkam NG, NakphengT,Jehtae K, Srichana T. Evaluationof the wound healing potentialof Wedelia trilobata (L.)leaves. JournalofEthnopharmacology 2012; 141,(3): 817-824.Volume 3, Issue 4, July − August 201340 | P a g ehttp://www.ijpi.org