Ocean chemistry and deep-sea sediments

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Dissolved constituents arecoming from:• Rivers (4 x10 9 tons/year)• Volcanic eruptions• Hydrothermal vents• Dissolution of sediments
• In the photic zone thephytoplankton is grazedby the zooplankton.• The dead particles aremainly decomposed by,for example bacteria.• The organic matter isrecycled to the photiczone.• The organic matterconsists of oxygen,hydrogen, carbon,nitrogen, phosphorus.• Some particles sinkthrough the water columnand reach the seabed.
Page 1 and 2: Ocean chemistryanddeep-sea sediment
Page 3 and 4: 1. Introduction - Type of deep-sea
Page 5 and 6: Biogenic sedimentsBeneath high-prod
Page 7 and 8: Sediments in the open ocean are cal
Page 9: Carbonate oozePhytoplankton - Cocco
Page 12 and 13: Gastropod molluscs- pteropodsAragon
Page 15 and 16: Cold-water coral reefsExamples of d
Page 17 and 18: Zooplankton - Radiolaria
Page 20 and 21: Calcareous and Siliceousmicrofossil
Page 22 and 23: Nutrients and δ 13 C13δ C =1313(
Page 24: Modern and glacial Atlantic interme
Page 28 and 29: Clay mineralsKaolinite is formed by
Page 30: Turbidites
Page 33: LGM ice sheet extentIRD input
Page 37: Sedimentation rates
Page 40 and 41: 2. Chemical cycles in the Oceans
Page 42 and 43: Steady state oceanWhat do the nutri
Page 46 and 47: A large part of the decomposed mate
Page 48 and 49: Phosphate distribution in oceansat
Page 50 and 51: Upper right: Nutrients areenriched
Page 52 and 53: 3. Accumulation of pelagic biogenic
Page 54 and 55: Preservation of pelagic carbonatese
Page 56 and 57: 1 2Ca 2+ concentrations inseawater
Page 58 and 59: Preservation of pelagic carbonatese
Page 60 and 61: The Lysoclineand the Carbonate Comp
Page 62 and 63: SUMMARY:• The solubility of calci
Page 64 and 65: Transport and deposition of dissolv
Page 66 and 67: Water mass stratification hinderpar
Page 68 and 69: Sedimentation ratesdetermine time r
Page 70: What causes the Gulfstream?Circulat
Page 73 and 74: • Transport of sediments to the o
Page 75 and 76: Sediment drifts• A major step in
Page 78 and 79: Sediment waves or mud waves
Page 81 and 82: Bottom currents and sediment drifto
Page 83 and 84: Downslope transport by gravitation
Page 85 and 86: IntroductionTwo factors are crucial
Page 87 and 88: Tsunami deposits on landIcelandStor
Page 89 and 90: Continental margin slope failuresDo
Page 91 and 92: Slide headwalls ArcticShelf
Page 93 and 94: Rotational slumps/faults at Stornes
Page 95 and 96:
Glide planes and sediment typesThe
Page 97 and 98:
Debris flow
Page 101 and 102:
Downslopesedimenttransport•TMF•
Page 103 and 104:
Sidescan Sonar and Seismic Images
Page 105 and 106:
Continental margin slope failuresDo
Page 107 and 108:
Solsikke - Seabed topographySlide d
Page 109 and 110:
Key questions for the understanding
Page 111 and 112:
Slope angles - Section B
Page 113 and 114:
Summary•Geological, morphological
Page 115 and 116:
Mienert, J. & Weaver, P.P.W., eds.,
Page 117 and 118:
Ice margin 18 000 BPGrand BanksSour
Page 119 and 120:
Scotian Slope multibeamDownloaded f
Page 121 and 122:
From Pickrill et al., 2001. OTC pap
Page 123 and 124:
Upper and middle slope canyonseast
Page 125 and 126:
Single channel airgun profile over
Page 127:
Slope canyon incisions and sediment
Page 130 and 131:
Diagenesisof sediments after burial
Page 132:
Page 136 and 137:
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Ocean chemistry and deep-sea sediments

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