Ocean chemistry and deep-sea sediments

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Ormen Lange - Seabed TopographyStoregga, 8200 yBP
Key questions for the underst<strong>and</strong>ing of slopefailure mechanisms• Does the initial slide start in the upper orlower part of the slope?• Which triggers are relevant for slide initiationin the upper or the lower slope?
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Ocean chemistryanddeep-sea sediment
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1. Introduction - Type of deep-sea
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Biogenic sedimentsBeneath high-prod
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Sediments in the open ocean are cal
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Carbonate oozePhytoplankton - Cocco
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Gastropod molluscs- pteropodsAragon
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Cold-water coral reefsExamples of d
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Zooplankton - Radiolaria
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Calcareous and Siliceousmicrofossil
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Nutrients and δ 13 C13δ C =1313(
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Modern and glacial Atlantic interme
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Clay mineralsKaolinite is formed by
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Turbidites
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LGM ice sheet extentIRD input
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Sedimentation rates
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2. Chemical cycles in the Oceans
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Steady state oceanWhat do the nutri
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Dissolved constituents arecoming fr
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A large part of the decomposed mate
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Phosphate distribution in oceansat
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Upper right: Nutrients areenriched
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3. Accumulation of pelagic biogenic
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Preservation of pelagic carbonatese
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1 2Ca 2+ concentrations inseawater
Page 58 and 59: Preservation of pelagic carbonatese
Page 60 and 61: The Lysoclineand the Carbonate Comp
Page 62 and 63: SUMMARY:• The solubility of calci
Page 64 and 65: Transport and deposition of dissolv
Page 66 and 67: Water mass stratification hinderpar
Page 68 and 69: Sedimentation ratesdetermine time r
Page 70: What causes the Gulfstream?Circulat
Page 73 and 74: • Transport of sediments to the o
Page 75 and 76: Sediment drifts• A major step in
Page 78 and 79: Sediment waves or mud waves
Page 81 and 82: Bottom currents and sediment drifto
Page 83 and 84: Downslope transport by gravitation
Page 85 and 86: IntroductionTwo factors are crucial
Page 87 and 88: Tsunami deposits on landIcelandStor
Page 89 and 90: Continental margin slope failuresDo
Page 91 and 92: Slide headwalls ArcticShelf
Page 93 and 94: Rotational slumps/faults at Stornes
Page 95 and 96: Glide planes and sediment typesThe
Page 97 and 98: Debris flow
Page 101 and 102: Downslopesedimenttransport•TMF•
Page 103 and 104: Sidescan Sonar and Seismic Images
Page 105 and 106: Continental margin slope failuresDo
Page 107: Solsikke - Seabed topographySlide d
Page 111 and 112: Slope angles - Section B
Page 113 and 114: Summary•Geological, morphological
Page 115 and 116: Mienert, J. & Weaver, P.P.W., eds.,
Page 117 and 118: Ice margin 18 000 BPGrand BanksSour
Page 119 and 120: Scotian Slope multibeamDownloaded f
Page 121 and 122: From Pickrill et al., 2001. OTC pap
Page 123 and 124: Upper and middle slope canyonseast
Page 125 and 126: Single channel airgun profile over
Page 127: Slope canyon incisions and sediment
Page 130 and 131: Diagenesisof sediments after burial
Page 132: Diagenesisof sediments after burial
Page 136 and 137: Diagenesisof sediments after burial
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Ocean chemistry and deep-sea sediments

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