The Malay archipelago : the land of the orang-utan ... - Wallace Online
The Malay archipelago : the land of the orang-utan ... - Wallace Online The Malay archipelago : the land of the orang-utan ... - Wallace Online
868 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.customs, especially as these people often settle in their villagesand many native women.The trade carried on at Dobbo is very considei'able. Thisyear there were fifteen large praus from Macassar, and perhapsa hundred small boats from Ceram, Goram, and K^. TheMacassar cargoes are worth about 1,000/. each, and the otherboats take away perhaps about 3,000Z. worth, so that the wholeexports may be estimated at 18,000/. per annum. The largestand most bulky items are pearl-shell and trijDang, or hcchc-demer,with smaller quantities of tortoise-shell, edible birds'nests, pearls, ornamental woods, timber, and Birds of Paradise.These are purchased with a variety of goods. Of arrack, aboutequal in strength to ordinary West India rum, 3,000 boxes, eachcontaining fifteen half-gallon bottles, are consumed annually.Native cloth from Celebes is much esteemed for its durability,and large quantities are sold, as well as white English calico andAmei'ican unbleached cottons, common crockery, coarse cutlery,muskets, gunpowder, gongs, small brass cannon, and elejohants'tusks. These three last articles constitute the wealth of theAru people, with which they pay for tlieir wives, or which theyhoard up as " real property." Tobacco is in immense demandfor chewing, and it must be very strong, or an Aru man will notlook at it. Knowing how little these jDeople generally work, themass of produce obtained annually shows that the islands mustbe pretty thickly inhabited, especially along the coasts, as ninetenthsof the whole are marine productions.It was on the 2nd of July that we left Aru, followed by all theMacassar praus, fifteen in number, who had agreed to sail incompanj^ We passed south of Banda, and then steered duewest, not seeing laud for three days, till we sighted some lowislands west of Bouton. We had a strong and steady south-eastwind day and night, which carried us on at about five knots anhour, where a clipper ship would have made twelve. The skywas continually cloudy, dai'k, and threatening, with occasionaldrizzling showers, till we were Avest of Bouru, when it clearedup and we enjoyed the bright sunny skies of the dry season forthe rest of our voyage. It is about here, therefore, that theseasons of the eastern and western regions of the Archipelagoare divided. West of this line from June to December isgenerally fine, and often very dry, the rest of the year beingthe wet season. East of it the weather is exceedingly uncertain,each island, and each side of an island, having its own peculiarities.The difference seems to consist not so much in thedistribution of the rainfall as in that of the clouds and themoistness of the atmosphere. In Aru, for example, when weleft, the little streams were all dried up, although the weatherwas gloomy ; while in January, February, and March, wlien wehad the hottest sunshine and the finest days, they were alwaysflowing. The driest time of all the year in Aru occurs inSeptember and October, just as it does in Java and Celebes.
;XXXIII.] ARU ISLANDS.—PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 369The rainy seasons agree, tlierefore, with those of the westernislands, although the weatlier is very different. The Moluccasea is of a very deep blue colour, quite distinct from the clearlight blue of the Atlantic. In cloudy and dull weather it looksabsolutely black, and when crested with foam has a stern andangry aspect. The wind continued fair and strong during ourwhole voyage, and we reached Macassar in perfect safety on theevening of the 11th of July, having made the passage from Aru(more than a thousand miles) in nine and a half days.My expedition to the Aru Islands had been eminently successful.Although I had been for months confined to the house byillness, and had lost much time by the want of the means oflocomotion, and by missing the right season at the right place,I brought away with me more than nine thousand specimens ofnatural objects, of about sixteen hundred distinct species. Ihad made the acquaintance of a strange and little-known raceof men ; I had become familiar with the traders of the far EastI liad revelled in the delights of exploring a new fauna and flora,one of the most remarkable and most beautiful and least-knownin the world ; and I had succeeded in the main object for whichI Iiad undertaken the journey—namely, to obtain fine specimensof the magnificent Birds of Paradise, and to be enabled to observethem in their native forests. By this success I was stimulatedto continue my researches in the Moluccas and New Guinea fornearly five years longer, and it is still tlie portion of my travelsto which I look back with the most complete satisfaction.CHAPTER XXXIII.THE ARU ISLANDS.—PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ASPECTS OFNATURE.In this chapter I propose to give a general sketcli of thephysical geography of the Aru Islands, and of their isolation tothe surrounding countries ; and shall thus be able to incorporatethe information obtained from traders, and from the works ofother natui'alists, with my own observations in these exceedinglyinteresting and little-known regions.The Aru group may be said to consist of one very large centralisland with a number of small ones scattered round it. Thegreat island is called by the natives and traders " Tana-busar "(great or mainland), to distinguish it as a whole from Dobbo, orany of the detached islands. It is of an irregular oblong form,about eighty miles from north to south, and forty or fifty fromeast to west, in whicli direction it is traversed by three narrowchannels, dividing it into four portions. These channels arealways called rivers by the traders, which puzzled me much tillI passed through one of them, and saw how exceedingly ap-B B
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;XXXIII.] ARU ISLANDS.—PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 369<strong>The</strong> rainy seasons agree, tlierefore, with those <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> westernis<strong>land</strong>s, although <strong>the</strong> weatlier is very different. <strong>The</strong> Moluccasea is <strong>of</strong> a very deep blue colour, quite distinct from <strong>the</strong> clearlight blue <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Atlantic. In cloudy and dull wea<strong>the</strong>r it looksabsolutely black, and when crested with foam has a stern andangry aspect. <strong>The</strong> wind continued fair and strong during ourwhole voyage, and we reached Macassar in perfect safety on <strong>the</strong>evening <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 11th <strong>of</strong> July, having made <strong>the</strong> passage from Aru(more than a thousand miles) in nine and a half days.My expedition to <strong>the</strong> Aru Is<strong>land</strong>s had been eminently successful.Although I had been for months confined to <strong>the</strong> house byillness, and had lost much time by <strong>the</strong> want <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> means <strong>of</strong>locomotion, and by missing <strong>the</strong> right season at <strong>the</strong> right place,I brought away with me more than nine thousand specimens <strong>of</strong>natural objects, <strong>of</strong> about sixteen hundred distinct species. Ihad made <strong>the</strong> acquaintance <strong>of</strong> a strange and little-known race<strong>of</strong> men ; I had become familiar with <strong>the</strong> traders <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> far EastI liad revelled in <strong>the</strong> delights <strong>of</strong> exploring a new fauna and flora,one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most remarkable and most beautiful and least-knownin <strong>the</strong> world ; and I had succeeded in <strong>the</strong> main object for whichI Iiad undertaken <strong>the</strong> journey—namely, to obtain fine specimens<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> magnificent Birds <strong>of</strong> Paradise, and to be enabled to observe<strong>the</strong>m in <strong>the</strong>ir native forests. By this success I was stimulatedto continue my researches in <strong>the</strong> Moluccas and New Guinea fornearly five years longer, and it is still tlie portion <strong>of</strong> my travelsto which I look back with <strong>the</strong> most complete satisfaction.CHAPTER XXXIII.THE ARU ISLANDS.—PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ASPECTS OFNATURE.In this chapter I propose to give a general sketcli <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>physical geography <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Aru Is<strong>land</strong>s, and <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir isolation to<strong>the</strong> surrounding countries ; and shall thus be able to incorporate<strong>the</strong> information obtained from traders, and from <strong>the</strong> works <strong>of</strong>o<strong>the</strong>r natui'alists, with my own observations in <strong>the</strong>se exceedinglyinteresting and little-known regions.<strong>The</strong> Aru group may be said to consist <strong>of</strong> one very large centralis<strong>land</strong> with a number <strong>of</strong> small ones scattered round it. <strong>The</strong>great is<strong>land</strong> is called by <strong>the</strong> natives and traders " Tana-busar "(great or main<strong>land</strong>), to distinguish it as a whole from Dobbo, orany <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> detached is<strong>land</strong>s. It is <strong>of</strong> an irregular oblong form,about eighty miles from north to south, and forty or fifty fromeast to west, in whicli direction it is traversed by three narrowchannels, dividing it into four portions. <strong>The</strong>se channels arealways called rivers by <strong>the</strong> traders, which puzzled me much tillI passed through one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m, and saw how exceedingly ap-B B