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290 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.or thatch in universal use, while the product of the trunk is thestaple food of some hundred thousands of men.When sago is to be made, a full-grown tree is selected justbefore it is going to flower. It is cut down close to the ground,the leaves and leaf-stalks cleared away, and a broad strip ofSAGO CLUB.the bark taken off" the upper side of the trunk. This exposesthe pithy matter, which is of a rusty colour near the bottom ofthe tree, but higher up pure white, about as hard as a dryapple, but witli woody fibres running througli it about a quarterof an inch apart. This pith is cut or broken down into a coarseSAGO WASHING.powder by means of a tool constructed for the purpose—a clubof hard and heavy wood, having a piece of sharp quartz rockfirmly embedded into its blunt end, and projecting about halfan inch. By successive blows of this, narrow strips of the pithare cut away, and fall down into the cylinder formed by thebark. Proceeding steadily on, the whole trunk is cleared out
XXV.] CERAM, GORAM, AND THE MATABELLO ISLANDS. 291leaving a skin not more than half an inch in thickness. Thismaterial is carried away (in baskets made of the slieathingbases of the leaves) to tlie nearest water, where a wasliingmachineis put up, which is composed almost entirely of thesago tree itself. The large sheathing bases of the leaves formthe troughs, and the fibi'ous covering fi-om the leaf-stalks of theyoung cocoa-nut the strainer. Water is poured on the mass ofpith, which is kneaded and pressed against the strainer till thestarch is all dissolved and has passed through, when the fibrousrefuse is thrown away, and a fresh basketful put in its place.The water charged with sago starch passes on to a trougji, witha depression in the centre, where the sediment is deposited, thesurplus water trickling off by a shallow outlet. When thetrough is nearly full, the mass of starch, which has a slightreddish tinge, is made into cylinders of about tliirty pounds'weight, and neatly covered with sago leaves, and in this stateis sold as raw sago.Boiled with water this forms a thick glutinous mass, with arather astringent taste, and is eaten with salt, limes, and chillies.Sago-bread is made in large quantities, by baking it into cakesin a small clay oven containingsix or eight slits side by side,each about three-quarters ofan inch wide, and six or eightinches square. The raw sago isbroken up, dried in the sun,powdered, and finely sifted.The oven is heated over a clearfire of embers, and is lightlyfilled with the sago-jDowder.The ojienings are then covered^ago oven.with a flat piece of sago bark,and in about five minutes the cakes are turned out sufficientlybaked. The hot cakes are very nice with butter, and whenmade w4th the addition of a little sugar and grated cocoa-nutare quite a delicacy. They are soft, and something like cornflourcakes, but have a slight characteristic flavour which is lostin the refined sago we use in this country. When not wantedfor immediate use, they are dried for several days in the sun,and tied up in bundles of twenty. They will then keep foryears ; they are very hard, and very rough and dry, but thepeople are used to them from infancy, and little children may beseen gnawing at them as contentedly as ours wdth their breadand-butter.If dipped in water and then toasted, they becomealmost as good as when fresh baked ; and thus treated they weremy daily substitute for bread with my coflee. Soaked andboiled they make a very good pudding or vegetable, and servedwell to economize our rice, which is sometimes difficult to get sofar east.It is truly an exti-aordinary sight to witness a whole tree-U 2
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STORAGE-ITE'^iMAIN'-P9-Q30BU.B.C. L
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J( K/. ^ /.THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO
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TOCHARLES DARWINAUTHOR OF ''THE ORI
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITIONMy read
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—XPKEFACEhave known where they we
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xiiPREFACEgenerally employed one or
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XIVCONTEXTSTHE MOLUCCASCHAP.PAGEXIX
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOXSxviiMAPSMap sh
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;THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO.CHAPTEK I.PH
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I.] PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 5miles off,
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I.] PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 7there is a
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-I ^ D £*• '*-'*;0«r*'-'?rif5af
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10 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.the
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12 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.thr
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14 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.the
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16 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.CHA
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118 THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO. [chap.To
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—20 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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22 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.bel
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24 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.hav
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26 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai-.tr
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28 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.are
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 29som
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 31hun
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 33vai
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IV.] BORXEO—THE ORAXG-UTAN. 35aft
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAK 37and
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 39rou
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORAXG-UTAX. 41our
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IV. 1BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAK 43the
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i\-.l BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAX. 45No
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,IV.] BORNEO—THE ORAXG-UTAX. 47My
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v.] BORNEO—JOURNEY IN THE INTERIO
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;v.] BORXEO—JOURXEY IX THE IXTERI
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—v.] BORNEO—JOURNEY IN THE INTE
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VI.] BORNEO—THE DYAKS. 67dark pal
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VI.] BORXEO—THE DYAKS. 69some fru
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VI. 1BORNEO—THE DYAKS. 71vices, n
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VII.] JAVA. 73placed a Dutch Reside
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VII. 1 JAVA. 75rule in India, and t
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VII.] JAVA. 77there is a wooden gon
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VII.] JAVA. 79The courtyard and the
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VII.] JAVA. 81hill, and consists of
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VII.] JAVA. 83two small bamboo room
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VII.] JAVA. 85take his morning coiJ
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VII.] JAVA. 87are peculiar to the J
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vii.l JAVA. 89we were going to make
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VII.] JAVA. 91or ten of Rubiis, and
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VIII. 1 SUMATRA. 93neck are of an e
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VIII.] SUMATRA. 95abo\-e Palerabang
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VIII.] SUMATRA. 97little doubt, fro
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VIII.] SUMATRA. 99applies to the ma
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viii.] SUMATRA. 101from this radiat
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VIII.] SUMATRA. 103and give me a fi
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VIII.]SUMATRA. lOibut exquisitely s
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IX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE IXDO-MA
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IX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INDO-MA
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IX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INDO-MA
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IX.] XATURAL HISTORY OF THE IXDO-MA
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X.] BALI AXD LOMBOOK. 115Rhinoceros
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X.] BALI AXD LOMBOCK. 117for cuttin
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;X.] BALI AXD LOilBOCK. 119the aven
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X.] BALI AND LOMBOCK. T21of the gre
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X.] BALI AND LOMBOCK. 123tliese pes
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CUSTOMSXI.] LOMBOCK :OF THE PEOPLE.
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XI.] LOMBOCK : CUSTOMSOF THE PEOPLE
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CUSTOMSXI.] LOMBOCK :OF THE PEOPLE.
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CUSTOMSXI. 1LOMBOCK :OF THE PEOPLE.
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XII.] LOMBOCK: HOW THE KAJAH TOOK T
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HOWXIT.] LOMBOCK :THE RAJAH TOOK TH
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XIII.] TIMOK. 141"The needles which
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XIII.] TIMOR. 143not found at Coupa
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;XIII.] TIMOR. 145fort is only a mu
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XIII.] TIMOR. 147tions might be fou
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XIII.] TIMOR. Id9the eastern part o
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xiii.] TIMOR. 151protected jjeople
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XIII.] TIMOR. 153trees fall as comp
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xiY.] KATUKAL HISTOKY OF TIMOR. 151
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In Flores.
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XIV.] NATURAL HISTORY OF TBIOR. 159
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XIV.] NATURAL HISTORY OF TIMOR. 161
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XV.] CELEBES. 163house. The streets
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XV.] CELEBES. 165objection to go in
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;XV.] CELEBES. 167door-step, and as
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'XVI.] CELEBES. 169hour we started
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XV. 1CELEBES. 171words of Malay, an
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XV.] CELEBES. 173while a long bambo
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XVI.] CELEBES. 175CHAPTER XVI.CELEB
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XVI.] CELEBES. 177tropical vegetabl
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aXVI.] CELEBES. 179trees, and overs
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—XVI. 1CELEBES. 181heavy loads of
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;XVI.] CELEBES. 183The geological s
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XVII.] CELEBES. 185CHAPTER XVII.CEL
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XVII.] CELEBES, 187port of Menado u
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190 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ne
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192 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ro
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I191 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.w
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196 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ho
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198 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.is
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200 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ab
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202 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.re
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204 THE JIALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.I
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206 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.se
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208 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai'.c
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210 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Th
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212 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.si
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—214 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap
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216 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pu
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218 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.th
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220 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.th
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;222 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.t
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224 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.is
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226 THE JtlALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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II228 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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230 THE ilALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai-.
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232 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ye
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234 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ch
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236 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ab
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238 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ba
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240 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.we
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Page 287 and 288: XXIV.] BATCHIAN. 253known bird. The
Page 289 and 290: —XXIV.] BATCHIAK 255a written ord
Page 291 and 292: XXIV.] BATCHIAN. 257having a much g
Page 293 and 294: XXIV.] BATCHIAX. 259Butterflies wer
Page 295 and 296: XXIV.] BATCHIAN. 261individuals. Wh
Page 297 and 298: XXIV.] BATCHIAK 263in the Moluccas.
Page 299 and 300: XXIV.] BATCHIAK 265usual and except
Page 301: XXV.] CERAM, GORAM, AND THE MATABEL
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Page 343 and 344: xxvii.] THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE
Page 345 and 346: xxv-iii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISLAN
Page 347 and 348: sxYiii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISLAND
Page 349 and 350: xsviii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISLAND
Page 351 and 352: —xxviii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISL
Page 353 and 354: XXIX.] THE K6 islands. 317we rounde
Page 355 and 356: sxix.] THE Kf; ISLANDS. 319Mongolia
Page 357 and 358: iXXIX.] THE Kfi ISLA]SrDS. 321littl
Page 359 and 360: XXIX.] THE Kfi ISLANDS. 323himself
Page 361 and 362: —XXIX.] THE Kl: ISLANDS. 325leave
Page 363 and 364: XXX.] THE ARU ISLANDS.—RESIDENCE
Page 367 and 368: —XXX.] THE ARU ISLANDS.—RESIDEX
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NATIVES OF ARU SHOOTING THE GREAT B
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338 THE JIALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.r
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340 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.sa
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342 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.tl
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344 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cHAf.Th
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.346 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cnAP.t
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348 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.as
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350 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pi
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"352 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.t
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354 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.I
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356 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.sc
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358 THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO. [chap.re
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360 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ne
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362 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.fi
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—364 THE aiALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cha
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366 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.fl
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868 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.cu
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370 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pl
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372 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ma
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374 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chaklev
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376 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.CH
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378 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.qu
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S80 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.fr
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382 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.to
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384 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.da
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386 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ar
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388 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ha
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390 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.an
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CH. xsxv.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO AVA
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XXXV.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO WAIGIOU
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XXXV.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO WAIGIOU
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xxxT.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO AVAIGIO
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xxxYi.] WAIGIOU. 401house could be
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XXXVI.]that the weatherwas uniDrece
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xxxvi.] WAIGIOU. 405Sultan of Tidor
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Sxxxvi.] WAIGIOU.407severe knocks o
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sxxvi.] WAIGIOU. 409curious disease
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412 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.so
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iU THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.the
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416 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cHAr.fo
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418 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cuap.st
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XXXVIII.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE. 41
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xxxviii.] THE CIKDS OF PARADISE. 42
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xxxviii.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE. 42
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secondXXXVIII.] THE BIRDS OF PARADI
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xsxviii.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE. 42
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—XXXVIII.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE.
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XXXIX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE PAPU
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XL.] RACES OF MAN IN THE MALAY ARCH
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XL.] RACES OF MAX IX THE MALAY ARCH
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XL.] RACES OF MAX IX THE SLA.LAY AR
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'XL.] RACES OF MAN IN THE MALAY ARC
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APPENDIX.ON THE CRANIA AND THE LANG
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—APPE^'DIX. 461skull (70) in the
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—APPEXDIX. 463Having before had e
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APPENDIX. 465*9. Tomohon ;*10. Lang
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APPENDIX. 46745. Matabello.—Small
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.APPENDIX. 469OF THE Malay Akchipel
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APPENDIX. 471Languages of the Malay
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APPENDIX. 475Language? of the Malay
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.APPENDIX. 477Languages o? the Mala
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ArPEXDIX. 479Languages ofthe Malav
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INDEX.A.Abel, Dr. Clarke, his accou
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IXDEX. 499Batcliian, island of, 4 ;
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INDEX. 501specimens of, 29 ; the Om
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;INDEX. 503tion system, 196 ; femal
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INDEX. 505variety of, 265 ; of the
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;INDEX. 507Mahometan priest at DoLb
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INDEX. 509^Moluccas, tlie, 6 ; a fo
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";INDEX. 511Pelah, bad account of,
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;IXDEX. 513Snake on board, 267Snake
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•.INDEX. >15departure from, 360 ;
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University of British Columbia Libr
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^jl^^SlJ^'';
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