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100 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.genus Papilio which from some cause or other are not attackedby birds, and by so closely resembling these in form and colourthe female of Memnon and its ally also escape persecution.Two other species of this same section (Papilio antiphus andPapilio polyphontes) are so closely imitated by two femaleforms of Papilio theseus (which comes in the same section withMemnon), that they completely deceived the Dutch entomologistDe Haan, and he accordingly classed them as the same species !But the most curious fact connected with these distinct formsis, that they are both the otfsjDring of either form. A singlebrood of larvse wei-e bred in Java by a Dutch entomologist, andproduced males as well as tailed and tailless females, and thereis every reason to believe that this is always the case, and thatforms intermediate in character never occur. To illustrate thesephenomena, let us suppose a roaming Englislmian in some remoteisland to have two wives—one a black-haired, red-skinned Indian,the other a woolly-headed, sooty-skinned negress ; and that insteadof the children being mulattoes of brown or dusky tints,mingling the characteristics of each parent in varying degrees,all the boys should be as fair-skinned and blue-eyed as theirfather, while the gii'ls should altogether resemble their mothers.This would be thought strange enough, but the case of thesebutterflies is yet more extraordinary, for each mother is capablenot only of producing male offspring like the father, and femalelike herself, but also other females like her fellow wife, andaltogether differing from herself !The other species to which I have to direct attention is theKallima paralekta, a butterfly of the same family group as ourPurple Emperor, and of about the same size or larger. Its uppersurface is of a rich purple, variously tinged with ash colour, andacross the fore wings there is a broad bar of deep orange, sothat when on the w4ng it is very conspicuous. This species wasnot uncommon in dry woods and thickets, and I often endeavouredto capture it without success, for after flying a shortdistance it would enter a bush among dry or dead leaves, andhowever carefully I crept up to the spot I could never discoverit till it would suddenly start out again and then disappear in asimilar place. At length I was fortunate enough to see the exactspot where the butterfly settled, and though I lost sight of it forsome time, I at length discovered that it was close before myeyes, but that in its position of repose it so closely resembled adead leaf attached to a twig as almost certainly to deceive theeye even when gazing full upon it. I captured several specimenson the wing, and was able fully to understand the way in whichthis wonderful resemblance is produced.The end of the upper wings terminates in a fine point, just asthe leaves of many tropical shrubs and trees are pointed, whilethe lower wings are somewhat more obtuse, and are lengthenedout into a short thick tail. Between these two points there i-unsa dark curved line exactly representing the midrib of a leaf, and
viii.] SUMATRA. 101from this radiate on eaeh side a few oblique marks whicli wellimitate the lateral veins. These marks are more clearly seen onthe outer portion of the base of the wings, and on the inner sideLEAF BUTTERFLY IN FLIGHT AND REPOSE.towards the middle and apex, and they are produced by Rtria>and markings which are very common in allied species, butwhich are here modified and strengthened so as to imitate moreexactly the venation of a leaf. The tint of the under surface
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STORAGE-ITE'^iMAIN'-P9-Q30BU.B.C. L
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J( K/. ^ /.THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO
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TOCHARLES DARWINAUTHOR OF ''THE ORI
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PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITIONMy read
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—XPKEFACEhave known where they we
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xiiPREFACEgenerally employed one or
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XIVCONTEXTSTHE MOLUCCASCHAP.PAGEXIX
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOXSxviiMAPSMap sh
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;THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO.CHAPTEK I.PH
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I.] PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 5miles off,
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I.] PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY. 7there is a
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-I ^ D £*• '*-'*;0«r*'-'?rif5af
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10 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.the
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12 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.thr
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14 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.the
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16 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.CHA
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118 THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO. [chap.To
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—20 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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22 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.bel
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24 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.hav
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26 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai-.tr
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28 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.are
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 29som
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 31hun
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 33vai
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IV.] BORXEO—THE ORAXG-UTAN. 35aft
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAK 37and
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAN. 39rou
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IV.] BORNEO—THE ORAXG-UTAX. 41our
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IV. 1BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAK 43the
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i\-.l BORNEO—THE ORANG-UTAX. 45No
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,IV.] BORNEO—THE ORAXG-UTAX. 47My
Page 79 and 80: v.] BORNEO—JOURNEY IN THE INTERIO
Page 81 and 82: ;v.] BORXEO—JOURXEY IX THE IXTERI
Page 87 and 88: —v.] BORNEO—JOURNEY IN THE INTE
Page 97 and 98: VI.] BORNEO—THE DYAKS. 67dark pal
Page 99 and 100: VI.] BORXEO—THE DYAKS. 69some fru
Page 101 and 102: VI. 1BORNEO—THE DYAKS. 71vices, n
Page 103 and 104: VII.] JAVA. 73placed a Dutch Reside
Page 105 and 106: VII. 1 JAVA. 75rule in India, and t
Page 107 and 108: VII.] JAVA. 77there is a wooden gon
Page 109 and 110: VII.] JAVA. 79The courtyard and the
Page 111 and 112: VII.] JAVA. 81hill, and consists of
Page 113 and 114: VII.] JAVA. 83two small bamboo room
Page 115 and 116: VII.] JAVA. 85take his morning coiJ
Page 117 and 118: VII.] JAVA. 87are peculiar to the J
Page 119 and 120: vii.l JAVA. 89we were going to make
Page 121 and 122: VII.] JAVA. 91or ten of Rubiis, and
Page 123 and 124: VIII. 1 SUMATRA. 93neck are of an e
Page 125 and 126: VIII.] SUMATRA. 95abo\-e Palerabang
Page 127 and 128: VIII.] SUMATRA. 97little doubt, fro
Page 129: VIII.] SUMATRA. 99applies to the ma
Page 133 and 134: VIII.] SUMATRA. 103and give me a fi
Page 135 and 136: VIII.]SUMATRA. lOibut exquisitely s
Page 137 and 138: IX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE IXDO-MA
Page 139 and 140: IX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INDO-MA
Page 141 and 142: IX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE INDO-MA
Page 143 and 144: IX.] XATURAL HISTORY OF THE IXDO-MA
Page 145 and 146: X.] BALI AXD LOMBOOK. 115Rhinoceros
Page 147 and 148: X.] BALI AXD LOMBOCK. 117for cuttin
Page 149 and 150: ;X.] BALI AXD LOilBOCK. 119the aven
Page 151 and 152: X.] BALI AND LOMBOCK. T21of the gre
Page 153 and 154: X.] BALI AND LOMBOCK. 123tliese pes
Page 155 and 156: CUSTOMSXI.] LOMBOCK :OF THE PEOPLE.
Page 157 and 158: XI.] LOMBOCK : CUSTOMSOF THE PEOPLE
Page 161 and 162: CUSTOMSXI.] LOMBOCK :OF THE PEOPLE.
Page 163 and 164: CUSTOMSXI. 1LOMBOCK :OF THE PEOPLE.
Page 167 and 168: XII.] LOMBOCK: HOW THE KAJAH TOOK T
Page 169 and 170: HOWXIT.] LOMBOCK :THE RAJAH TOOK TH
Page 171 and 172: XIII.] TIMOK. 141"The needles which
Page 173 and 174: XIII.] TIMOR. 143not found at Coupa
Page 175 and 176: ;XIII.] TIMOR. 145fort is only a mu
Page 177 and 178: XIII.] TIMOR. 147tions might be fou
Page 179 and 180: XIII.] TIMOR. Id9the eastern part o
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xiii.] TIMOR. 151protected jjeople
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XIII.] TIMOR. 153trees fall as comp
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xiY.] KATUKAL HISTOKY OF TIMOR. 151
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In Flores.
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XIV.] NATURAL HISTORY OF TBIOR. 159
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XIV.] NATURAL HISTORY OF TIMOR. 161
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XV.] CELEBES. 163house. The streets
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XV.] CELEBES. 165objection to go in
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;XV.] CELEBES. 167door-step, and as
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'XVI.] CELEBES. 169hour we started
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XV. 1CELEBES. 171words of Malay, an
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XV.] CELEBES. 173while a long bambo
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XVI.] CELEBES. 175CHAPTER XVI.CELEB
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XVI.] CELEBES. 177tropical vegetabl
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aXVI.] CELEBES. 179trees, and overs
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—XVI. 1CELEBES. 181heavy loads of
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;XVI.] CELEBES. 183The geological s
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XVII.] CELEBES. 185CHAPTER XVII.CEL
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XVII.] CELEBES, 187port of Menado u
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190 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ne
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192 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ro
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I191 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.w
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196 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ho
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198 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.is
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200 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ab
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202 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.re
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204 THE JIALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.I
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206 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.se
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208 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai'.c
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210 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Th
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212 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.si
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—214 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap
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216 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pu
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218 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.th
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224 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.is
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226 THE JtlALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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II228 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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230 THE ilALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai-.
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232 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ye
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234 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ch
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236 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ab
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238 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ba
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240 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.we
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242 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [(^hap.n
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244 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cHAr.ha
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246 THE ]\IALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.
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248 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cHAr.re
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250 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chai-.r
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252 THE ilALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cnAr,b
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XXIV.] BATCHIAN. 253known bird. The
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—XXIV.] BATCHIAK 255a written ord
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XXIV.] BATCHIAN. 257having a much g
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XXIV.] BATCHIAX. 259Butterflies wer
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XXIV.] BATCHIAN. 261individuals. Wh
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XXIV.] BATCHIAK 263in the Moluccas.
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XXIV.] BATCHIAK 265usual and except
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XXV.] CERAM, GORAM, AND THE MATABEL
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270 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ve
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272 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.in
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—;I274 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [ch
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;276 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.p
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278 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap. x
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280 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap,Ce
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;282 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.i
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286 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.of
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;288 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.i
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290 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.or
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292 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.tr
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294 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.we
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296 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.co
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298 THE :MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.s
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300 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.la
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302 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pe
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304 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ob
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306 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap100
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xxvii.] THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE
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xxv-iii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISLAN
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sxYiii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISLAND
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xsviii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISLAND
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—xxviii.] MACASSAR TO THE ARU ISL
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XXIX.] THE K6 islands. 317we rounde
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sxix.] THE Kf; ISLANDS. 319Mongolia
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iXXIX.] THE Kfi ISLA]SrDS. 321littl
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XXIX.] THE Kfi ISLANDS. 323himself
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—XXIX.] THE Kl: ISLANDS. 325leave
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XXX.] THE ARU ISLANDS.—RESIDENCE
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—XXX.] THE ARU ISLANDS.—RESIDEX
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NATIVES OF ARU SHOOTING THE GREAT B
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338 THE JIALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.r
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340 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.sa
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342 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.tl
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344 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cHAf.Th
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.346 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cnAP.t
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348 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.as
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350 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pi
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"352 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.t
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354 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.I
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356 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.sc
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358 THE MALAY AECHIPELAGO. [chap.re
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360 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ne
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362 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.fi
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—364 THE aiALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cha
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366 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.fl
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868 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.cu
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370 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.pl
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372 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ma
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374 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chaklev
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376 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.CH
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378 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.qu
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S80 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.fr
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382 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.to
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384 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.da
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386 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.Ar
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388 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.ha
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390 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.an
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CH. xsxv.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO AVA
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XXXV.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO WAIGIOU
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XXXV.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO WAIGIOU
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xxxT.] VOYAGE FROM CERAM TO AVAIGIO
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xxxYi.] WAIGIOU. 401house could be
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XXXVI.]that the weatherwas uniDrece
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xxxvi.] WAIGIOU. 405Sultan of Tidor
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Sxxxvi.] WAIGIOU.407severe knocks o
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sxxvi.] WAIGIOU. 409curious disease
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412 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.so
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iU THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [chap.the
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416 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cHAr.fo
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418 THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. [cuap.st
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XXXVIII.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE. 41
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xxxviii.] THE CIKDS OF PARADISE. 42
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xxxviii.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE. 42
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secondXXXVIII.] THE BIRDS OF PARADI
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xsxviii.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE. 42
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—XXXVIII.] THE BIRDS OF PARADISE.
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XXXIX.] NATURAL HISTORY OF THE PAPU
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XL.] RACES OF MAN IN THE MALAY ARCH
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XL.] RACES OF MAX IX THE MALAY ARCH
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XL.] RACES OF MAX IX THE SLA.LAY AR
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'XL.] RACES OF MAN IN THE MALAY ARC
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APPENDIX.ON THE CRANIA AND THE LANG
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—APPE^'DIX. 461skull (70) in the
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—APPEXDIX. 463Having before had e
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APPENDIX. 465*9. Tomohon ;*10. Lang
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APPENDIX. 46745. Matabello.—Small
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.APPENDIX. 469OF THE Malay Akchipel
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APPENDIX. 471Languages of the Malay
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APPENDIX. 475Language? of the Malay
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.APPENDIX. 477Languages o? the Mala
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ArPEXDIX. 479Languages ofthe Malav
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INDEX.A.Abel, Dr. Clarke, his accou
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IXDEX. 499Batcliian, island of, 4 ;
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INDEX. 501specimens of, 29 ; the Om
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;INDEX. 503tion system, 196 ; femal
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INDEX. 505variety of, 265 ; of the
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;INDEX. 507Mahometan priest at DoLb
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INDEX. 509^Moluccas, tlie, 6 ; a fo
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";INDEX. 511Pelah, bad account of,
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;IXDEX. 513Snake on board, 267Snake
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•.INDEX. >15departure from, 360 ;
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University of British Columbia Libr
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^jl^^SlJ^'';
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