feral at all yet and may tame immediately. Over eight weeks old, the amount of effortrequired for socialization and the uncertainty of the outcome rises significantly with eachpassing week. When the kitten reaches the twelve to sixteen week age range, it becomesincreasingly likely she will bond only to the personwho socializes her and hide and be wary of others,making her harder to adopt. Beyond sixteen weeks,most cats will remain feral at least to some degree,perhaps for the remainder of their lives.See the section in this chapter below on“Socializing feral kittens” for how to tame the littleones. For instructions on raising orphan kittens lessthan five weeks old, so-called “bottle babies,” seethe Kitten Care Handbook by Kitten Rescue(www.kittenrescue.org – click on “Cat Care”).• Friendly adult feralsphoto: Bryan KortisThere are many feral cats who come to know and trust their caretaker and will showthem affection, such as rubbing against their legs or even allowing themselves to be petor picked up. It’s hard to know, however, whether the cat will behave the same way in anew home, especially if someone unfamiliar would be adopting her. A gregarious natureis certainly a hopeful sign, but most likely she would need to go through a transitionperiod of confinement before her friendly outdoor ways resumed indoors (see the sectionon “Socializing feral teenagers & adults” later in this chapter).Many caretakers have observed how cats, after they’ve been spay/neutered, start totake more of a liking towards people. One indication a sterilized cat may have becomeadoptable is if he starts acting friendly towards strangers or does not run away or standout of arm’s reach when they approach. Bringing him indoors is probably a good idea atthat point, if it’s possible, because it can be dangerous for a cat living outdoors to be tootrusting of strangers. Veterinary care for adoptable catsThe standard veterinary care for a cat being placed as a pet in an indoor home differsfrom that of a feral who is going to be released. An adoptable cat should be thoroughlyexamined by a veterinarian and scanned for a microchip to identify a possible owner whois frantic to find her missing pet. If no owner is found, the cat should be tested for FIVand FeLV and treated as needed for fleas, worms, ear mites, upper respiratory infections,ringworm or any other conditions he may have before being introduced to a foster orpermanent home, especially if there are other cats in the household. Even if the cat gets aclean bill of health, he should not have contact with other cats in the household rightaway. Ask the veterinarian how long the new cat should be isolated from the others andwhat other precautions you should take.136
Socializing feral kittensSome feral kittens socialize the moment you pick them up and hold them in yourhands. Most take a little more work. As always in dealing with feral cats, you must bemindful of your own safety. Their parents have taught them to fear humans so rememberthat before sticking your hand in the carrier to grab one. A six week old kitten’s sharpteeth can injure you and, if frightened enough, he may bite. You have to let feral kittensget to know you a bit before you try to handle them. When they’re a more used to you,then you can carefully try touching them, using the techniques described here. A goodidea is to leave them alone and just talk to them for a day or two before attempting anyphysical contact.When introducing them to your home or shelter, place feral kittens in a confinedspace, like a large playpen or your bathroom (making sure first to locate and block offany holes in the wall or other spots inaccessible to you where they could hide). At first,they need to be kept in a confined, controlled space so they’ll be forced to deal with youwhen you want them to. Otherwise, if you just let them run loose in your home, they’llrun away whenever you approach and avoidinteracting with you, defeating any attempt tosocialize them.For the first two days, leave a carrier intheir space so they can go run into it and feelsafe when you enter their space. Talk to themwhen they hide in there, but don’t try to forcethem out. After a couple of days, if they’re stillrunning and hiding whenever you show up andwon’t come out, replace the carrier with acardboard box open on top. That way they stillfeel somewhat protected, but can see you andbegin to interact.A major goal of the socialization process isphoto: Bryan Kortisto get the kittens comfortable with being heldand touched. But before you try to touch them,get them to start touching you. One way to do this is by playing with them. A populartoy called a Cat Dancer, which is a wire with a piece of cardboard at the end, or a longwand with a string and feather are perfect. Kittens love chasing these. Sit down andbegin playing with them. Once they’re engrossed in the chase, run the feather or CatDancer haphazardly over your feet or legs and get the kittens to run over and touch youwhile they’re playing. They may romp on top of you right away or it may take a fewdays. Be patient if it does take time – they’re learning to trust you and need to move attheir own pace. Eventually, they’ll learn you’re safe to touch. All the while you’replaying, talk to them constantly so they get used to your voice.Once the kittens are at ease and used to touching your feet and legs, as demonstratedby their quickly wanting to play and showing no fear of your presence, reach downduring the play and stroke them once or twice on the back, but no more. Don’t let thetouching interrupt the play. Gradually, increase the amount of touching, avoiding lettingit get to the point where they act at all disturbed.137
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TNR HandbookThe Guide to Trap-Neute
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Table of ContentsForeword by Susan
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Chapter Ten: The Neighborhood Cats
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ForewordOne of the first ferals I e
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Introduction“If we keep ‘em in
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2. What is Trap-Neuter-Return?Trap-
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c) Fewer nuisance complaints. As me
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and as their hunger grows, they wil
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3. The TNR Process - An OverviewEve
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After you’ve determined how many
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for this purpose. Once you can talk
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like the board of a homeowners asso
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information provided because of the
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act to discourage cats from enterin
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epel. It operates on four “C” b
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• Free-standing fencesPurrfect Fe
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• Type of feeding stationThe perf
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Amazon (www.amazon.com) for “Le B
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will be drawn to this easily reache
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a search for “heated water bowl
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interior warm enough to prevent or
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food works best for your budget, th
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steroids, tranquilizers, anesthetic
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weather, loud construction work nea
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• Feralvilla Outdoor Cat ShelterD
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• Styrofoam boxesRestaurants and
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Another option is the Snuggle Safe
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apart. Knowing the correct number,
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4. Schedule the spay/neuterAfter yo
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three more traps than the number of
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Tomahawk Live Trap- Neighborhood Ca
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11 inches in height. In our opinion
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trap are attached. The transfer doo
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Feral cat densNeighborhood Cats Fer
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drop trap (code: KITDT) - see Figur
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That said, not every community offe
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practice. In our experience, there
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saving one day. Also remember, you
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intrusions you and others make into
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doing so. Don’t check too frequen
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Winter trappingSome trappers in nor
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around and inflict a severe bite or
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The bottle-and-string method is use
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you let her go right away, there is
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- Page 168: In memory ofBobby Kergis1952 - 2011