An online ergonomic evaluator for 3D product design

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490 The 3D viewer—SpinFire TM plays an integral part in the proposed system. It does serve as a lightweight interface for the user to access 3D data through the Internet. The API’s allow for easy customization and access to the Windows resources with JavaScript, C++, and Visual Basic. Coordinate transformation operations of translation, rotation, scaling, and their combination are also provided. These operations enable the user to manipulate 3D objects interactively over the network, which is one major advantage that 3D visualization technology has over other web-based multi-media tools. However, there are several limitations in the 3D viewer used in the system. It requires installation of a browser plug-in for the first time use, which may cause a security concern in certain enterprise applications. Another bigger restriction of the current ergonomic evaluator is that it does not allow for change of the product geometry or engineering attributes. The user can only determine the product arrangement (the relative positions between parts in the above case) instead of full-scale customization, due to the limited functions of the viewer. All the available commercial viewers [21,22,43,44] are quite deficient in this category. 5. Conclusions This paper has presented an online ergonomic evaluation system for 3D car interior design using web-based 3D visualization technology. This system does not require advanced CAD tools or virtual reality facilities. It provides a virtual human in digital model that acts as the actual user and enables interactions with the product. This digital human is constructed with anthropometry data that characterizes the body shape and size at different levels for adults in Taiwan. Car interior design is used in this study for demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed system. The user can adjust the car setting to fit the digital human through 3D GUI’s embedded in a browser via the Internet. An ergonomic evaluation engine calculates the induced stresses and forces corresponding to the posture created by the user. The calculation results are immediately prompted and help the user access the product design from the ergonomic aspect. In this manner, the user can tailor the product model according to individual preferences, and thus, C.-F. Kuo, C.-H. Chu / Computers in Industry 56 (2005) 479–492 online product personalization is effectively achieved, both technologically and economically. Additionally, this work has demonstrated the potential of 3D visualization technologies in the Internet-based mass customization, linking the end-customer to product design. They are applicable to other E-commerce activities, e.g. collection of marketing intelligences, customer relationship management (CRM), and customer-driven configuration to order (CTO). The ergonomic evaluation developed in this study is focused on biomechanical concerns. However, psychological factors also play an important role in evaluating a product and its acceptance by customers. More studies should be conducted on how to accomplish online psychological assessment for consumer products. In addition, the recent progress in force-feedback (haptic) devices brings up new opportunities for ergonomic evaluation. This technology enables on-line physical simulation that is likely to realize collaboratively distributed product assembly and testing. Another research worth of pursuing is to develop web-based 3D visualization technologies that allow the user to modify product design over the network. This requires novel meshing techniques for CAD models and advanced data structure for integration of engineering attributes. Our future research is concerned with this topic. References [1] M. Baxter, Product Design, Chapman & Hall Publication, London, 1995. [2] R. Feyen, Y. Liu, D. Chaffin, G. Jimmerson, B. Josepg, Computer-aided ergonomics: a case study of incorporating ergonomics analyses into workplace design, Applied Ergonomics 31 (2000) 291–300. [3] B. Kayis, P.A. Iskander, Three-dimensional human model for the IBM/CATIA system, Applied Ergonomics 25 (6) (1994) 395–397. [4] J. Rix, A. Heidger, C. Helmstadter, R. Quester, T. Ringhof, Integration of virtual human in CA design review, in: K. Landau (Ed.), Ergonomic Software Tools in Product and Workplace Design, IfAO Institut für Arbeitsorganisation, Stuttgart, Germany, 2000, pp. 183–194. [5] M. Launis, J. Lehtela, ErgoSHAPE: a design oriented ergonomic tool for AutoCAD, in: M. Mattila, W. Karkowski (Eds.), Computer Applications in Ergonomics, Occupational Safety, and Health, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1992, pp. 121–128. [6] J.W. McDaniel, Models for ergonomic analysis and design: COMBIMAN and CREW CHIEF, in: W. Karkowski, A.M.
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An online ergonomic evaluator for 3D product design

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