SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENT IN GLENDALOUGH ... - Ian Cantwell
SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENT IN GLENDALOUGH ... - Ian Cantwell SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENT IN GLENDALOUGH ... - Ian Cantwell
low density which he explains by the inhospitable environment 1S2 . While much ofthemountain area does fall into this category, Map 6 153 shows that on the plateau, whichis artificiallydivided by a Baronial border on the Vartry river, there is a high density ofraths. Within the 60 square kilometres of the northern part of the plateau there areapproximately 40 raths giving a density of 1 rath per 1.5 square kilometres whichcompares with others areas ofbigh density154.It can be seen from map 6 155 that there are three zones ofsettlement: the valley systemand the plateau north and south. The valley systems was probably used primarily assummer pastures and a source of timber and wild food. Even though rath builderspreferred slope locations on hiUsides 1S6 it is likely that these valley slopes were toosteep for successful settlement. Environmental conditionssuch as heavy soils and bogswould also have made such sites unsuitable for permanent settlement. The oneenclosure in the valley system has not been recorded before and is to be found on agrassy islet in the middle ofthe Inehivore river, where it is in its rapids phase, and isabout 7m in diameter. The southern plateau has few ratbs which is probably due to itsoriginal marshy environment but would have been used as pasturage and a source oflight timber for wicker building materials and containers. Its damp environmentprobably madetheareaa useful sourcefor moss which wasusedheavilY in Dublin.There is a significant difference between the distnbution east and west ofthe river onthe northern end ofthe plateau. The eastern part representinga secular distributionandthe west a monastic estate distribution which does not appear to have been previouslynoted anywhere else in Ireland. Before discussingit in detail it must be noted that map6 represents settlement by the end ofthe 12th century and without excavation it is not152ibid. S9 &.61-2153Grogan, 1997 for~ size and associationslS4StoutM, (1997), p. 76-9215.5nekey assumption is thatan over20mindiameter areraths aDd all under areenclosures156&out M, (1997) pp. 106-737
, Map 6 Distribution ofRaths and Enclosures - C. 1200ILegendoI e•10I.!6.60m diameterBivallateChurchBullaunsHut Sites
- Page 1 and 2: SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENTINGLENDALOUGH
- Page 3: INTRODUCTIONIn 1990, due to family
- Page 6 and 7: "Geography is a permanentfactor in
- Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am deeply indebte
- Page 10 and 11: MEmODOLOGYIn 1996 two important wor
- Page 12 and 13: The fourth was the primary research
- Page 14 and 15: have been a tributary of the Avonmo
- Page 16 and 17: Pre-HoloceneAt the end of the perio
- Page 18 and 19: 4,6Q0-4,200BP, with an increase of
- Page 20 and 21: diagnostic ofhigh population pressu
- Page 22 and 23: Map2 Pre-Historic archaeology~. ._
- Page 24 and 25: must be careful in interpreting the
- Page 26 and 27: may be Downemore in Glassnamullen b
- Page 28 and 29: Knockadreet (Cnoc a' droichead); th
- Page 30 and 31: What is worth noting is the continu
- Page 32 and 33: include the creation ofa saintly ar
- Page 34 and 35: v1ap 4 Diffusion ofSelected Saints:
- Page 36 and 37: From around the ninth century Giend
- Page 38 and 39: Glendalough: Politieal contextDurin
- Page 40 and 41: understanding medieval ideologies,
- Page 42 and 43: Glendalough: Abbey and BishoprieIn
- Page 46 and 47: known how well this represents cont
- Page 48 and 49: Parish of Glendalough in the 1821.
- Page 50 and 51: What is unclear is the amount of un
- Page 53 and 54: The charters ofconfirmation to the
- Page 55 and 56: Dublin, John Cumin, was in exile 11
- Page 57 and 58: must pay for the wood 209 . This gr
- Page 59 and 60: appears to be the continuation ofth
- Page 61 and 62: 'IIIRoad to Plateau,,-- --Map 8 Cas
- Page 63 and 64: ecame Archdeacon of Glendalough and
- Page 65 and 66: obscure and even the great expert,
- Page 67 and 68: Glassnamullen was hived offfrom the
- Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 4CONQUESTANDSECULMUSATIONPo
- Page 71 and 72: Glenmalure, but the fact that descr
- Page 73 and 74: I Map 9 Politics and Conquest - 130
- Page 75 and 76: Castlekevin under siegeThe impact o
- Page 77 and 78: transition from grain to pastoral a
- Page 79 and 80: CHAPTERSDECLINE, RESURGENCE AND EXT
- Page 81 and 82: Resurgence - The political backgrou
- Page 83 and 84: ofthe lowlandsofthe Pale andthe ber
- Page 85 and 86: which were put into execution in th
- Page 87 and 88: succumbed to the Gaelic Dream when
- Page 89 and 90: year. However it was agreed and con
- Page 91 and 92: Whigmanstown, Glasmollin and Tollag
- Page 93 and 94: By 1636 there is a well utilised la
, Map 6 Distribution ofRaths and Enclosures - C. 1200ILegendoI e•10I.!6.60m diameterBivallateChurchBullaunsHut Sites
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