SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENT IN GLENDALOUGH ... - Ian Cantwell

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Glendalough: Abbey and BishoprieIn the above discussion it has been assumed that the civitas of Glendalough was oneorganisation. This is unlikely to be completely accurate as the valley held both anabbacy and bishopric. The evidence of charters and grants around 1200 indicates thatthey were in fact separate organisations with separate administrations and landholdings. What the sources don't indicate was the division of land within the valleythough it is reasonably good on holdings ofeach in Leinster (Map 5 146 ) . The MonasticCity contains both the cathedral and associated buildings but it is unclear whether theAbbot or Bishop controlled it or maybe it was jointly controlled. It appears that theBishopric controlled little else in the valley or in the neighbourhood unlike theMonastery- who directly held three monastic estates: Fertir, Magmersa and Umail. 147Magmersa has not yet been identified but is possibly in West Wicklow as the prefixMagh (plain) is only found west of the mountains. It may be south of Umail in UiMuiredaig territory148. Umail is the old name for the Glen of Imaal and it wasconnected to Glendalough by a 3m wide road made up ofirregularly sized slabs. It wasestimated that the 17.7 km road would take nine years to build based on 25 menworking a six day week for eight months in the year. Though wide enough for wheeledvehicles the current irregular surface is thought to preclude this149.Fertir: a Monastic EstateThe Rath (or ringfort) has been shown to be the main type of settlement for themajority of fanners in the early Christian period up to the 12th century. Themorphology, distribution and farm size has been recently analysed by Stout 150 .In hisdiscussion on distribution 151 , he states that the Barony ofBallincor North is an area of14~ Shamhrain, op. cit. pp. 194 & 197147A/en•s Register. eel. McNeill C., Dublin, 1950, pp. 2 & 21148Mac Shamhrain, pers. comm.149Long, op. cit. p. 1781508toot M (1997), op. cit.151ibid. pp. 48-9336
•• ••••••••••••--========"ll Okmi SmMap 5 Distribution ofParuchia in Modem Co. Wicklow by Civil Parish & Leinster(afterMacSh~am)j --~ ~Legend• •BishopricAbbacy
Page 1 and 2: SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENTINGLENDALOUGH
Page 3: INTRODUCTIONIn 1990, due to family
Page 6 and 7: "Geography is a permanentfactor in
Page 8 and 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI am deeply indebte
Page 10 and 11: MEmODOLOGYIn 1996 two important wor
Page 12 and 13: The fourth was the primary research
Page 14 and 15: have been a tributary of the Avonmo
Page 16 and 17: Pre-HoloceneAt the end of the perio
Page 18 and 19: 4,6Q0-4,200BP, with an increase of
Page 20 and 21: diagnostic ofhigh population pressu
Page 22 and 23: Map2 Pre-Historic archaeology~. ._
Page 24 and 25: must be careful in interpreting the
Page 26 and 27: may be Downemore in Glassnamullen b
Page 28 and 29: Knockadreet (Cnoc a' droichead); th
Page 30 and 31: What is worth noting is the continu
Page 32 and 33: include the creation ofa saintly ar
Page 34 and 35: v1ap 4 Diffusion ofSelected Saints:
Page 36 and 37: From around the ninth century Giend
Page 38 and 39: Glendalough: Politieal contextDurin
Page 40 and 41: understanding medieval ideologies,
Page 44 and 45: low density which he explains by th
Page 46 and 47: known how well this represents cont
Page 48 and 49: Parish of Glendalough in the 1821.
Page 50 and 51: What is unclear is the amount of un
Page 53 and 54: The charters ofconfirmation to the
Page 55 and 56: Dublin, John Cumin, was in exile 11
Page 57 and 58: must pay for the wood 209 . This gr
Page 59 and 60: appears to be the continuation ofth
Page 61 and 62: 'IIIRoad to Plateau,,-- --Map 8 Cas
Page 63 and 64: ecame Archdeacon of Glendalough and
Page 65 and 66: obscure and even the great expert,
Page 67 and 68: Glassnamullen was hived offfrom the
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 4CONQUESTANDSECULMUSATIONPo
Page 71 and 72: Glenmalure, but the fact that descr
Page 73 and 74: I Map 9 Politics and Conquest - 130
Page 75 and 76: Castlekevin under siegeThe impact o
Page 77 and 78: transition from grain to pastoral a
Page 79 and 80: CHAPTERSDECLINE, RESURGENCE AND EXT
Page 81 and 82: Resurgence - The political backgrou
Page 83 and 84: ofthe lowlandsofthe Pale andthe ber
Page 85 and 86: which were put into execution in th
Page 87 and 88: succumbed to the Gaelic Dream when
Page 89 and 90: year. However it was agreed and con
Page 91 and 92: Whigmanstown, Glasmollin and Tollag
Page 93 and 94:
By 1636 there is a well utilised la
Page 95 and 96:
integration into English and Europe
Page 97 and 98:
SettlementThe Hearth Money Rolls of
Page 99 and 100:
can be organised differently to a s
Page 101 and 102:
Over the period there are various p
Page 103 and 104:
APPENDIXlPOLLEN RESEARCH IN GLENDAL
Page 105 and 106:
Notwithstanding the problems ofinte
Page 107 and 108:
Glendalough, Co. Wicl\lowPoll en Pe
Page 109 and 110:
CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBOAGE TO CAL
Page 111 and 112:
advantage to be able to return to t
Page 113 and 114:
eformers such as LanfrancofPavia an
Page 115 and 116:
His canonisation is an excellent ex
Page 117 and 118:
In conclusion the history ofthe Chu
Page 119 and 120:
Castlekevin LineArtOge----------1--
Page 121 and 122:
Inquisition at Castle Keuyn. 1257-6
Page 123 and 124:
I went to view.the lands of the Var
Page 125 and 126:
In the Study area the main element
Page 127 and 128:
ABBREVIATIONSAlen'sReg.: Calendarof
Page 129 and 130:
Cantwell Ian, DiamondHill, RD.H.F.J
Page 131 and 132:
Long Harry, Three Settlements ofGae
Page 133 and 134:
Smyth AlfredP., Kings, Saintsand Sa
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SOCIETY AND SETTLEMENT IN GLENDALOUGH ... - Ian Cantwell

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