Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

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MOVEMENT PATTERNS – THE ESSENCE OF SPORTS BIOMECHANICS Explain the changes in these ratios through the sequence from slow walking to fast running. Hint: You may wish to reread the subsections on ‘Walking’ (pages 9–15) and ‘Running’ (pages 15–23) before undertaking this task. 5 Download the video sequences for the four standing vertical jumps and two standing long jumps for the young male from the book’s website. Try to explain why the height and distance jumped are affected by the use of the arms. Hint: You may wish to reread the subsection on ‘Jumping’ (pages 23–8) before undertaking this task. 6 Outline the three phases into which a throw is usually divided. What is the main function of each phase? Hint: You may wish to reread the subsection on ‘Throwing’ (pages 28–35) before undertaking this task. 7 Download a series of video sequences from the book’s website of various underarm, sidearm or overarm throwing movements by different people. Note and try to explain the differences between them. Hint: You may wish to reread the subsection on ‘Throwing’ (pages 28–35) before undertaking this task. 8 Outline the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative movement analysis and explain in what circumstances one would be preferred over the other. Hint: You may wish to reread the section on ‘Comparison of qualitative and quantitative movement analysis’ (pages 36–40) before undertaking this task. You should also answer the multiple choice questions for Chapter 1 on the book’s website. GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS (compiled by Dr Melanie Bussey) Axes The imaginary lines of a reference system along which position is measured. Axis of rotation An imaginary line about which a body or segment rotates. Ballistic Rapid movements initiated by muscular contraction but continued by momentum. Countermovement A movement made in the direction opposite to that of the desired direction of motion – as in a countermovement jump. Pathological movement An exceptionally (or awkwardly or inconveniently) and atypical example of movement usually linked to an underlying anatomical or physiological cause, such as injury or disease. Plane of motion A two-dimensional plane running through an object. Motion occurs in the plane or parallel to it. Motion in the plane is often called planar. Reference system A system of coordinates used to locate a point in space. Reliability The consistency of a set of measurements or measuring instrument. Spatial Refers to a set of planes and axes defined in three-dimensional space. 41
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 42 FURTHER READING Hay, J.C. (1993) The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. This well-regarded book by the late Dr James Hay was the first biomechanics text to influence my approach to the discipline some 30 years ago. He takes a typically mechanistic approach to biomechanics, but it is one of the easiest such texts for a student to follow. Read the sports chapters that interest you, as these are the greatest strength of the book – has any other biomechanics author had such knowledge and insight into so many sports movements?
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Introduction to Sports Biomechanics
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First edition published 1997 This e
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Contents List of figures x List of
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Study tasks 216 Glossary of importa
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FIGURES 1.26 Underarm throw - femal
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Figure 6.8 Main skeletal muscles: (
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INDEX 282 balls air flow past 173 b
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INDEX 284 energy 219 kinetic 219 mi
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INDEX 286 isokinetic contraction 24
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INDEX 288 muscle length-tension rel
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INDEX 290 three-dimensional 146-7,
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INDEX 292 validity 220 vantage poin
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