Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

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Jumping MOVEMENT PATTERNS – THE ESSENCE OF SPORTS BIOMECHANICS Figures 1.13 to 1.19), are not necessarily the best movement pattern representation for these purposes. Jumps, as well as throws, are often described as ‘ballistic’ movements – movements initiated by muscle activity in one muscle group, continued in a ‘coasting’ period with no muscle activation, and terminated by deceleration by the opposite muscle group or by passive tissue structures, such as ligaments. Many ballistic sports movements can be subdivided biomechanically into three phases: preparation, action and recovery. Each of these phases has specific biomechanical functions. In countermovement jumps from a standing position, such as those in Figures 1.20 to 1.25, the preparation is a lowering phase, which puts the body into an advantageous position for the action (raising) phase and stores elastic energy in the eccentrically contracting (lengthening) muscles. The action phase has a synchronised rather than sequential structure, with all leg joints extending or plantar flexing together. The recovery phase involves both the time in the air and a controlled landing, the latter through eccentric contraction of the leg muscles. Figure 1.20 Standing countermovement vertical jump with hands on hips. Top left: starting position; top right: lowest point; bottom left: take-off; bottom right: peak of jump. 23
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS Figure 1.21 Standing countermovement vertical jump with normal arm action. Top left: starting position; top right: top point of arm swing; middle left: lowest point; middle right: take-off; bottom: peak of jump. 24 Jumps that involve a run-up, such as the long or high jump, or that have a more complex structure, such as the triple jump, benefit from being divided into more than three phases. In jumps with arm movements, the coordination of the arm actions with those of the legs is very important to performance.
Page 2: Introduction to Sports Biomechanics
Page 5 and 6: First edition published 1997 This e
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of figures x List of
Page 10 and 11: Study tasks 216 Glossary of importa
Page 12 and 13: FIGURES 1.26 Underarm throw - femal
Page 14 and 15: FIGURES 5.9 Typical path of a swimm
Page 16 and 17: Tables 2.1 Examples of slowest sati
Page 18 and 19: Preface Why have I changed the cove
Page 20 and 21: Introduction MISSING TEXT The first
Page 22: INTRODUCTION principal movements in
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 45: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 69 and 70: Figure 2.2 ‘Principles’ approac
Page 91 and 92: Figure 2.13 Identifying critical fe
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INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
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Figure 6.8 Main skeletal muscles: (
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INDEX 282 balls air flow past 173 b
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INDEX 284 energy 219 kinetic 219 mi
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INDEX 286 isokinetic contraction 24
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INDEX 288 muscle length-tension rel
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INDEX 290 three-dimensional 146-7,
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INDEX 292 validity 220 vantage poin
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