Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

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Froude number 172 fundamental movement pattern approach 50 fundamental movements 8–35 fundamental position 4, 5, 225 fusiform muscles 244, 245 gain, EMG amplifier 261 general motion 89 genlocking 121–2, 127, 130, 152 geometry 111 geometry of motion 83–114 angular motion 93–6 coordination of joint rotations 96–103 linear motion and centre of mass 90–2 quantitative analysis 118–19 glenohumeral joint 239, 240 gliders 175, 176, 177 gliding (plane) joints 238–9 golf ball 175, 178, 179 golf club 199 golf swing 128 gradient 111 graphs 86 greater trochanter 233, 235 grip position 199 ground contact force 201, 202 data processing 210, 211, 212 moment of 210–12 ground reaction force 166, 167 group study design 117 gymnastics 61 angular kinetics 191–2 centre of mass 189 rotational movements 146, 147, 200, 201 hammer throw 29, 30, 32–3 Hawthorne effect 51 hidden line removal 119 hierarchical modelling see deterministic modelling high-pass filters, EMG signal 259, 261, 262 hinge joints 239 hip joints 229, 237 horizontal extension 6, 8, 227 horizontal flexion 6, 8, 227 horizontal plane 4 movements 227 hyaline articular cartilage 234, 238 hydrofoils 177 hyperabduction 226 hyperadduction 226 reduction of 226 thumb 228 hyperextension 5, 225 reduction of 225 hyperflexion 225 thumb 229 hysteresis, force plate 204, 205 INDEX ice hockey 169 ideal performance approach 59 image resolution 121 immersion technique 138 impact forces 180 impedance 279 input 262 impulse generation or absorption 77–8 impulse–momentum equation 185 impulse–momentum relationship 64, 77–8 impulse of a force 185 induced drag 176–7 inertia 75, 183 forces 182, 183 law of 192 minimisation of 77, 194 moments of 191–2 Newton’s law 184 inflexion, points of 112, 114 stationary 114 information feedback see feedback sources 49–50 innervation ratio 243 input impedance, EMG amplifiers 262 Institutional Research Ethics Committee 118, 128 integral 219 integration 188, 212, 219 intercarpal joints 238, 239 interdisciplinary approach 44–5, 55 internal rotation see medial rotation International Society of Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS) 49, 50 Internet 49 inter-operator variability 107–9 interventions, efficacy 58 intra-operator variability 107–9 inverse dynamics 119–20, 152 inversion 226 irregular bones 234 isokinetic conditions, muscular endurance under 275–6 285
INDEX 286 isokinetic contraction 246 isokinetic dynamometry 273–6 isokinetic exercise 279 isometric contraction 246, 279 isotonic contraction 246, 279 isotonic exercise 279 javelin throwing 29–30, 33, 35 angular momentum 196–7, 199 drag forces 175 impulse of force 185 lift forces 177 phase analysis 81 projection parameters 145 joint centres (of rotation) 237 determination 189 markers 127, 130, 133 joints 237–41 anatomical landmarks 235, 236 angle–time patterns see angle–time patterns cartilagenous 238 classification 238–40 close-packed position 240, 278 coordination of rotations see coordination fibrous 238 ligamentous 238 loose-packed position 279 muscle stabilising forces 256, 257 sagittal axes of rotation 237 stability and motion 240–1 synovial 238–40 Journal of Sports Sciences 50 journals 49, 50 jump(ing) 23–7 standing broad (or long) 26–7, 28 standing vertical 23, 24, 25–6 see also long jump; ski jumping kayaking 177 key events 78 kinaesthesis 75 kinematics 84, 111 quantitative analysis 118–19 vectors and scalars 140–1 see also geometry of motion kinetic energy 219 kinetic friction 168 kinetics 119–20, 164 angular (rotational) 191–5, 215 linear 215 knee 237 knuckle (metacarpophalangeal) joints 239, 240 lag 279 laminar flow 173, 174, 219 landmarks, anatomical 235, 236 lateral flexion 226, 227 lateral malleolus 235, 236 lateral (external) rotation 6, 7, 227 lateral tilt, pelvis 232 lateral twist, pelvis 231, 232 Latin names 224, 243–4 latissimus dorsi muscle 244 lawn bowling 29, 30, 31 law of action–reaction (interaction) 166, 184 law of inertia 192 law of momentum 192 law of reaction 193–4 length scales 127 lenses 122 distortions 124 focal length 126–7 levers 182, 183 lift 219 lift forces 177–80 ligaments 238 lighting 52, 128 linear motion 87–8, 90–2, 93 caused by rotation 146, 147 checking 196–9 Newton’s laws 184 load rate 211, 212 logical decision tree approach 45 long bones 234 longitudinal axis see vertical axis longitudinal muscles 244, 245 longitudinal study 117, 152 long jump hierarchical model 62–70 hitch kick technique 199–200 videography 127, 129 loose-packed position 279 low-pass filters EMG signal 259, 261, 263, 270–1 quantitative videography 134–6, 152, 153–7 lumbosacral joints 229 Magnus effect 177, 178, 179, 219 negative 179–80 malleoli 235, 236 markers errors related to 124 joint centre 127, 130, 133 recording without 107–9, 124
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Introduction to Sports Biomechanics
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First edition published 1997 This e
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Contents List of figures x List of
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Study tasks 216 Glossary of importa
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FIGURES 1.26 Underarm throw - femal
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FIGURES 5.9 Typical path of a swimm
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Tables 2.1 Examples of slowest sati
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Preface Why have I changed the cove
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Introduction MISSING TEXT The first
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INTRODUCTION principal movements in
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INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
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Figure 2.2 ‘Principles’ approac
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Figure 2.13 Identifying critical fe
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Page 257 and 258: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 265 and 266: Figure 6.8 Main skeletal muscles: (
Page 305 and 306: INDEX 282 balls air flow past 173 b
Page 307: INDEX 284 energy 219 kinetic 219 mi
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Page 313 and 314: INDEX 290 three-dimensional 146-7,
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