Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

MOVEMENT PATTERNS – THE ESSENCE OF SPORTS BIOMECHANICS Figure 1.4 Abduction and adduction of the arm about the shoulder joint and the thigh about the hip joint. Figure 1.5 Medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation of the arm about the shoulder joint. 7
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS Figure 1.6 Horizontal flexion and extension of the abducted arm about the shoulder joint. 8 SOME FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS The website for this book contains many video clips of various people performing some movements that are fundamental to sport and exercise. These people include the young and the old, male and female, who are shown walking, running, jumping and throwing in various conditions. These include: locomotion on a level and inclined treadmill and overground; vertical and broad jumping; underarm, sidearm and overarm throwing; in different footwear and clothing; and with and without skin markers to identify centres of rotation of joints. An in-depth study of these videos is recommended to all readers. The video sequences shown in the figures below have been extracted from these clips using the qualitative analysis package siliconCOACH (siliconCOACH Ltd, Dunedin, New Zealand; http://www.siliconcoach.com). When analysing any human movement, ask yourself, ‘What are the “constraints” on this movement?’ The constraints can be related to the sports task, the environment or the organism. This ‘constraints-led’ approach serves as a very strong basis from which to develop an understanding of why we observe particular movement patterns. In the video examples and the sequences in the figures below, an environmental constraint might be ‘overground’ or ‘treadmill’ (although this might also be seen as a task constraint). Jumping vertically to achieve maximum height is clearly a task constraint. Organismic constraints are, basically, biomechanical; they relate to a given individual’s body characteristics, which affect their movement responses to the task and environmental constraints. These biomechanical constraints will be affected, among many other things, by genetic make-up, age, biological sex, fitness, injury record and stage of rehabilitation, and pathological conditions. Not surprisingly, the movement patterns observed when one individual performs a specific sports task will rarely be identical to
Page 2: Introduction to Sports Biomechanics
Page 5 and 6: First edition published 1997 This e
Page 8 and 9: Contents List of figures x List of
Page 10 and 11: Study tasks 216 Glossary of importa
Page 12 and 13: FIGURES 1.26 Underarm throw - femal
Page 14 and 15: FIGURES 5.9 Typical path of a swimm
Page 16 and 17: Tables 2.1 Examples of slowest sati
Page 18 and 19: Preface Why have I changed the cove
Page 20 and 21: Introduction MISSING TEXT The first
Page 22: INTRODUCTION principal movements in
Page 25 and 26: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 29: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 69 and 70: Figure 2.2 ‘Principles’ approac
Page 81 and 82:
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 2.13 Identifying critical fe
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Figure 6.8 Main skeletal muscles: (
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
INDEX 282 balls air flow past 173 b
Page 307 and 308:
INDEX 284 energy 219 kinetic 219 mi
Page 309 and 310:
INDEX 286 isokinetic contraction 24
Page 311 and 312:
INDEX 288 muscle length-tension rel
Page 313 and 314:
INDEX 290 three-dimensional 146-7,
Page 315:
INDEX 292 validity 220 vantage poin
show all

Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?