Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

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INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 6 The anatomy of human movement Introduction 224 The body’s movements 225 The skeleton and its bones 232 The joints of the body 237 Muscles – the powerhouse of movement 241 Electromyography – what muscles do 258 Experimental procedures in electromyography 265 EMG data processing 268 Isokinetic dynamometry 273 Summary 276 Study tasks 276 Glossary of important terms 278 Further reading 280 Knowledge assumed Basic axes and planes of movement (Chapter 1) Analysis of sports movements (Chapters 1 to 4) Relationship between force and movement (Chapter 5) Basic muscle physiology (see Further reading) 223
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 224 INTRODUCTION In this chapter we will consider the anatomical principles that apply to movement in sport and exercise and how the movements of the sports performer are generated. Anatomy is an old branch of science, in which the use of Latin names is still routine in the English-speaking world. As most sports biomechanics students do not, understandably, speak Latin, the use of Latin words will be avoided, unless necessary, in this chapter; so, for example, Latin names of the various types of joint are not used. Where this avoidance is not possible, and this includes the naming of most muscles, some brief guidance to the grammar of this antique language is given. We shall also look at how electromyography can be used in the study of sports movements and the use of isokinetic dynamometry in recording muscle torques. BOX 6.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter you should be able to: define the planes and axes of movement, and name and describe all of the principal movements in those planes in sport and exercise identify the functions of the skeleton and give examples of each type of bone describe typical surface features of bone and how these can be recognised superficially understand the tissue structures involved in the joints of the body and the factors contributing to joint stability and mobility identify the features of synovial joints and give examples of each class of these joints understand the features and structure of skeletal muscles classify muscles both structurally and functionally describe the types and mechanics of muscle contraction and appreciate how tension is produced in muscle understand how the total force exerted by a muscle can be resolved into components depending on the angle of pull appreciate the applications of electromyography to the study of sports skills understand why the recorded EMG differs from the physiological signal and how to use EMG measuring equipment in sports movements describe the main methods of quantifying the EMG signal in the time and frequency domains appreciate how and why isokinetic dynamometry is used to record the net muscle torque at a joint.
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Introduction to Sports Biomechanics
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First edition published 1997 This e
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Contents List of figures x List of
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Study tasks 216 Glossary of importa
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FIGURES 1.26 Underarm throw - femal
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FIGURES 5.9 Typical path of a swimm
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Tables 2.1 Examples of slowest sati
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Preface Why have I changed the cove
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Introduction MISSING TEXT The first
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INTRODUCTION principal movements in
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INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
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Figure 2.2 ‘Principles’ approac
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Figure 2.13 Identifying critical fe
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INDEX 282 balls air flow past 173 b
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INDEX 284 energy 219 kinetic 219 mi
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INDEX 286 isokinetic contraction 24
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INDEX 288 muscle length-tension rel
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INDEX 290 three-dimensional 146-7,
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INDEX 292 validity 220 vantage poin
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