Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 5.1 Calculation of the two-dimensional position of the whole body centre of mass; cadaver data adjusted to correct for fluid loss x-COORDINATE y-COORDINATE MOMENT = m′ym PROXIMAL DISTAL MASS CENTRE3 , ym MOMENT = m′xm MASS CENTRE3 , xm DISTAL xd PROXIMAL xp LENGTH RATIO1,2 lr SEGMENT MASS FRACTION m′ = mi/m Head and neck 0.081 0.500 Trunk 0.497 0.450 Right upper arm 0.028 0.436 Right forearm 0.016 0.430 Right hand 0.006 0.820 Right thigh 0.101 0.433 Right calf 0.046 0.433 Right foot 0.014 0.449 Left upper arm 0.028 0.436 Left forearm 0.016 0.430 Left hand 0.006 0.506 Left thigh 0.101 0.433 Left calf 0.046 0.433 Left foot 0.014 0.449 Whole body 1.000 — — — — = Σm′xm — — — = Σm′ym Notes: 1. Using simple ratios although many biomechanists use regression equations. 2. Defined as the distance of the centre of mass from the proximal point divided by the distance from the proximal to the distal point. Joint centre locations are given in Box 6.2. The proximal point is the proximal joint and the distal point is the distal joint except for the following. For the head and neck, the ‘proximal’ point is the top (vertex) of the head and the distal point is the midpoint of a line joining the tip of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra and the suprasternal notch (or of the line joining the two shoulder joint centres). For the trunk, the proximal point is the same as the distal point for the head and neck and the distal point is the midpoint of the line joining the hips. For the hand, the distal point is the third metacarpophalangeal joint (the third knuckle). For the foot, the proximal point is the most posterior point on the heel (calcaneus), and the distal point is the end of the second toe. 3. xm = xp + lr (xd −xp); ym = yp + lr (yd − yp).
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS 222 FURTHER READING Bartlett, R.M. (1999) Sports Biomechanics: Reducing Injury and Improving Performance, London: E & FN Spon. Chapter 4 provides a simple introduction to inverse dynamics without being too mathematical. Lees, A. and Lake, M. (2007) Force and pressure measurement, in C.J. Payton and R.M. Bartlett (eds) Biomechanical Evaluation of Movement in Sport and Exercise, Abingdon: Routledge. An up-to-date coverage of force and pressure measurement in sport.
Page 2:
Introduction to Sports Biomechanics
Page 5 and 6:
First edition published 1997 This e
Page 8 and 9:
Contents List of figures x List of
Page 10 and 11:
Study tasks 216 Glossary of importa
Page 12 and 13:
FIGURES 1.26 Underarm throw - femal
Page 14 and 15:
FIGURES 5.9 Typical path of a swimm
Page 16 and 17:
Tables 2.1 Examples of slowest sati
Page 18 and 19:
Preface Why have I changed the cove
Page 20 and 21:
Introduction MISSING TEXT The first
Page 22:
INTRODUCTION principal movements in
Page 25 and 26:
INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Figure 2.2 ‘Principles’ approac
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 2.13 Identifying critical fe
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 243: INTRODUCTION TO SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Page 265 and 266: Figure 6.8 Main skeletal muscles: (
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
INDEX 282 balls air flow past 173 b
Page 307 and 308:
INDEX 284 energy 219 kinetic 219 mi
Page 309 and 310:
INDEX 286 isokinetic contraction 24
Page 311 and 312:
INDEX 288 muscle length-tension rel
Page 313 and 314:
INDEX 290 three-dimensional 146-7,
Page 315:
INDEX 292 validity 220 vantage poin
show all

Introduction to Sports Biomechanics: Analysing Human Movement ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?