Cold Weather Catalog - Chromalox Precision Heat and Control

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Technical InformationProperties of SteamSaturated SteamTechnicalSaturated Steam — Thermodynamic Properties (nearest even digit)The thermodynamic properties of saturatedsteam are shown in the table to the right.Saturated steam is pure steam in directcontact with the liquid water from which it wasgenerated and at the same temperature andpressure as the water. For example, saturatedsteam at 50 psig has a temperature of 298°F.Steam pressure is commonly expressed aspsia or psig. Psia is pounds per square inchabsolute with reference to a perfect vacuum.Psig is pounds per square inch gauge withreference to atmospheric pressure of 14.7 psipsia = psig + 14.7 psi (1 atmosphere).The heat content of liquid is the heat energy inBtu/lb required to heat the liquid to the conditionindicated starting with water at 32°F.Latent heat is the heat energy in Btu/lbabsorbed when a pound of boiling water isconverted to a pound of steam at the sametemperature. The same amount of heat isreleased when the steam condenses back towater at the same temperature. Latent heatvaries with temperature.Gauge Btu/lb Sat. Gauge Btu/lb Sat.Press. Liquid Latent Steam Vapor Press. Temp. Liquid Latent Steam Vapor(psig) (°F) Heat Heat Total (ft 3 /lb) (psig) (°F) Heat Heat Total (ft 3 /lb)0 212 180 970 1150 27.0 70 316 286 898 1184 5.21 216 183 968 1151 25.0 75 320 290 895 1185 4.92 219 187 965 1152 24.0 80 324 294 892 1186 4.73 222 190 964 1154 22.5 85 328 298 889 1187 4.44 224 193 962 1155 21.0 90 331 302 886 1188 4.25 227 195 961 1156 20.0 95 335 306 883 1189 4.06 230 198 959 1157 19.5 100 338 309 881 1190 3.97 232 201 957 1158 18.5 110 344 316 876 1192 3.68 235 203 956 1159 18.0 120 350 322 871 1193 3.39 237 206 954 1160 17.0 125 353 325 868 1193 3.210 240 208 952 1160 16.5 130 356 328 866 1194 3.115 250 218 945 1163 14.0 140 361 334 861 1195 2.920 259 227 940 1167 12.0 150 366 339 857 1196 2.725 267 236 934 1170 10.5 160 371 344 853 1197 2.630 274 243 929 1172 9.5 170 375 348 849 1197 2.535 281 250 924 1174 8.5 180 380 353 845 1198 2.340 287 256 920 1176 8.0 190 384 358 841 1199 2.245 292 262 915 1177 7.0 200 388 362 837 1199 2.150 298 267 912 1179 6.7 220 395 370 830 1200 2.055 303 272 908 1180 6.2 240 403 378 823 1201 1.860 307 277 905 1182 5.8 250 406 381 820 1201 1.7565 312 282 901 1183 5.5 300 422 399 805 1204 1.48TECHNICALBoiler Feed Water TemperatureThe temperature of boiler feed water directly affectsthe steam output of a boiler. The followingtable can be used to determine the kilowatt ratingof a boiler when the steam load, gauge pressureand boiler feed water temperature are known.Example — A process requires 450 lbs ofsteam per hour at 75 psig. The available feedwater temperature is 50°F. From the chart,read the kW/lb required for 50°F water and agauge pressure of 75 psig. Multiply the factorby the pounds of steam: 0.3417 x 450 lbs =153.8 kW.Boiler Feed Water Temperature Vs. kW Required per Pound of SteamFeedSteam Gauge Pressure (psig)Water(°F) 0 2 10 15 25 40 50 75 100 125 15040 .3347 .3355 .3375 .3388 .3406 .3422 .3431 .3447 .3458 .3464 .347050 .3318 .3326 .3345 .3359 .3376 .3392 .3401 .3417 .3429 .3435 .344160 .3288 .3296 .3316 .3329 .3347 .3363 .3372 .3388 .3400 .3407 .341170 .3259 .3267 .3287 .3300 .3318 .3334 .3343 .3359 .3370 .3376 .338280 .3229 .3238 .3278 .3271 .3288 .3305 .3313 .3329 .3341 .3347 .335390 .3200 .3208 .3238 .3242 .3259 .3275 .3284 .3300 .3312 .3318 .3324100 .3171 .3179 .3199 .3212 .3229 .3246 .3255 .3271 .3283 .3288 .3294110 .3142 .3150 .317 .3183 .3200 .3217 .3225 .3242 .3253 .3259 .3265120 .3112 .3210 .314 .3154 .3171 .3187 .3196 .3212 .3224 .3230 .3236130 .3083 .3091 .3111 .3124 .3142 .3160 .3167 .3183 .3195 .3200 .3206140 .3054 .3062 .3082 .3095 .3113 .3129 .3137 .3154 .3165 .3171 .3177150 .3025 .3032 .3052 .3066 .3083 .3099 .3108 .3124 .3136 .3142 .3148160 .2995 .3003 .3029 .3036 .3054 .3070 .3079 .3095 .3107 .3113 .3118170 .2966 .2974 .2994 .3001 .3025 .3041 .3050 .3066 .3077 .3083 .3089180 .2937 .2945 .2964 .2978 .2995 .3011 .3020 .3036 .3048 .3054 .3060190 .2907 .2915 .2935 .2948 .2966 .2982 .2981 .3007 .3019 .3025 .3030200 .2878 .2886 .2906 .2919 .2937 .2953 .2962 .2978 .2989 .2995 .3001201
TechnicalTechnical InformationElectrical Fundamentals & Three Phase CalculationsOhm’s LawThe relationship between Wattage (heat) outputand the applied Voltage of electric resistanceheating elements is determined by a precisephysical rule defi ned as Ohm’s Law which statesthat the current in a resistance heating elementis directly proportional to the applied Voltage.Ohm’s Law is traditionally expressed as:Where: I = Amperes (Current)I = EE = VoltageRR = Ohms (Resistance)The same equation using the conventional abbreviationfor voltage is:Where: I = Amperes (Current)I = VV = VoltageRR = Ohms (Resistance)An unknown electrical value can be derived byusing any two known values in one of the variationsof Ohm’s Law shown at the right.Voltage & Wattage RelationshipsAn electric resistance element only producesrated Wattage at rated Voltage. It is commonfor electric heating elements and assembliesto be connected to a wide range of operatingVoltages. Since the Wattage output variesdirectly with the ratio of the square of theVoltages, the actual Wattage can be calculatedfor any applied Voltage. The relationship isexpressed by the equation below,Where: WA = Actual Wattage2WR = Rated WattageWA = WR x V A( V R2 ) VA = Applied VoltageVR = Rated VoltageVOLTSVOLTS =VOLTS =WATTSAMPERESWATTS X OHMSVOLTS = AMPERES X OHMSOHMSOHMS =OHMS =VOLTSAMPERESWATTSAMPERES 2OHMS = VOLTS 2WATTSIRVIWIWI 2OHM’S LAWWRV(VOLTS)(OHMS)RV 2WVRI(AMPS)(WATTS)WPercent of Rated Wattage for Various Applied VoltagesAMPERES =AMPERES =AMPERES =AMPERESVOLTSOHMSWATTSVOLTSWATTSOHMSWATTSWATTS = VOLTS x AMPERESWATTS = AMPERES 2 x OHMSWATTS = VOLTS 2OHMSAppliedRated VoltageVoltage 110 115 120 208 220 230 240 277 380 415 440 460 480 575110 100 91 84 28 25 23 21 16 8.4 7.0 6.2 5.7 5.2 3.7115 109 100 92 31 27 25 23 17 9.0 7.6 6.7 6.2 5.7 4.0120 119 109 100 33 30 27 25 19 10 8.4 7.4 6.8 6.3 4.3208 — — 300 100 89 82 75 56 30 25 22 20 19 13220 — — — 112 100 91 84 63 34 28 25 23 21 15230 — — — 122 109 100 92 69 37 31 27 25 23 16240 — — — 133 119 109 100 75 40 33 30 27 25 17277 — — — — — — 133 100 53 45 40 36 33 23380 — — — — — — — 188 100 84 74 68 63 44415 — — — — — — — — 119 100 89 81 75 52440 — — — — — — — — — 112 100 91 84 58460 — — — — — — — — — 123 109 100 92 64480 — — — — — — — — — — 119 109 100 70550 — — — — — — — — — — 156 143 131 91575 — — — — — — — — — — 171 156 144 100600 — — — — — — — — — — 186 170 156 109V 2RWVI 2 RWRVIThree Phase Equations (Balanced)Ohm’s Law, as stated above, applies to electricalresistance elements operated on singlephase circuits. Ohm’s Law can be modifedto calculate three phase values by adding acorrection factor for the phase Voltage relationships.The three phase equations showncan be applied to any balanced Delta or Wyecircuit. The terms used in the equations areidentifi ed below:VL = Line VoltageVP = Phase VoltageIL = Line Current (Amps)IP = Phase Current (Amps)WT = Total WattsR 1= R 2= R 3= Element ResistanceWc = Wattage per Circuit (Equal Circuits)Rc = Circuit Resistance in Ohms MeasuredPhase to Phase2023Ø DeltaI LR R 1 2 R 2 R 1 V PI PV LR 3R 3I LI LVP = VLVL = VPWT = 1.73 IL x VL WT = 3 (VL 2 ÷ R 1)IP = IL ÷ 1.73 IL = IP x 1.73WC = 1.73 IL x VL ÷ # CircuitsRC = (2 x VL 2 ) ÷ WC RC = VL 2 ÷ 0.5WCNote — For Open Delta connections, see nextpage.3Ø WyeVP = VL ÷ 1.73 VL = VP X 1.73WT = 1.73 IL x VL WT = VL 2 ÷ R 1IP = ILI PIL = IPWC = 1.73 IL x VL ÷ # CircuitsRC = (2 x VL 2 ) ÷ WC RC = VL 2 ÷ 0.5 WCNote — For Open Wye connections, see nextpage.V PV L
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The Right Products and Solutionsfor
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Cold Weather ProductsCommercialWT W
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ivCold Weather Products
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LUHHorizontal Blower Heater (cont
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ComfortLUH Horizontal Blower Heater
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HVHHorizontal or VerticalDischarge
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ComfortHVH Horizontal or Vertical D
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ComfortHVH Horizontal or Vertical D
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ComfortKUHHorizontal Blower Heater
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ComfortKUHHorizontal BlowerHeater (
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ComfortUBHigh Capacity HorizontalBl
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ComfortUB High Capacity Horizontal
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ComfortVUHVertical DeliveryBlower H
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ComfortVUHDiffuser Selection & Heat
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ComfortHD3DHose Down CorrosionResis
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ComfortHD3DHose Down Corrosion Resi
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CXH-AExplosion Proof Blower Heaterf
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ComfortCXH-AExplosion ProofBlower H
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ComfortCXH-AExplosion ProofBlower H
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ComfortDRAPortable Spot IndustrialS
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ComfortDRAPortable Spot IndustrialS
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ComfortCCHCabinet ConsoleBlower Hea
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ComfortCCHCabinet ConsoleBlower Hea
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ComfortHCHWall MountedConvection He
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ComfortHCHWall MountedConvection He
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ComfortHHorizontalConvection Heater
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ComfortCPHHPump HouseConvection Hea
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ComfortCVEPConvection HeaterFor Haz
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ComfortCVEP Convection Heater For H
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ComfortCAF-6Architectural DraftBarr
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ComfortCCAS-8Architectural Slope To
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ComfortCCAS-12Architectural Slope T
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ComfortCAF-12ArchitecturalConvectio
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ComfortCAF-20Architectural CabinetC
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ComfortChromaStarInfra-RedRadiant H
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ComfortChromaStarInfra-RedRadiant H
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ComfortChromaStarAccessories(cont
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ComfortRBC-1Overhead RadiantSpace H
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ComfortRBC-3Fixed Overhead RadiantS
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ComfortUTUA-LT430” Dia.Round Cros
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ComfortKRSingle Fixed ElementRadian
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ControlsWR80-EPExplosion Proof Room
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ControlsWTLWall MountedResidential
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Heating CableSRLSelf-RegulatingLow
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SRLSelf-Regulating LowTemperature (
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Heating CableSRPSelf-RegulatingProc
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Heating CableSRM/ESelf-RegulatingMe
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SRM/ESelf-RegulatingMedium Temperat
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Heating CableCWMConstant Wattage Me
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Heating CableMIMineral InsulatedHig
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MIMineral InsulatedHigh Temperature
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Heating CableMIMineral Insulated Hi
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Heating CableHSRLSelf-RegulatingLow
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Heating CableHSRMSelf-RegulatingMed
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Heating CableHSRMSelf-RegulatingMed
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Heating CableSRFApplication & Selec
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Heating CableSRFSelf-Regulating Fre
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Heating CableSRF-RGSelf-RegulatingR
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Heating CableEdge-Cutter ®Roof De-
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ControlsAPS-4CAutomatic Snow/IceMel
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ControlsSC-40CSatellite Contactor
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ControlsGIT-3AGutter IceMelting Con
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ControlsCIT-1Snow Sensor• Reliabl
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ControlsSIT-6EPavement Sensor• Re
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Heating CableU SeriesHeat Trace Con
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Heating CableDL & EL SeriesConnecti
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DLIntegrated ConnectionAccessories
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Heating CableDLIntegrated Connectio
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Heating CableELStandard ConnectionA
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Heating CableHLHazardous LocationCo
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Heating CableB100 & E100Heat Trace/
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Heating CableRBFHeat Traceor Pipe S
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Heating CableDLIntegrated Temperatu
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Controls®HTLSHeat Tracing LineSens
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Controls®HTLSTwo, Three and Four-L
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Page 167 and 168: ControlsFreeze ProtectionHeat Trace
Page 169 and 170: ControlsFreeze Protection Heat Trac
Page 171 and 172: ControlsFreeze Protection Heat Trac
Page 177 and 178: ComponentsPHD & PHDTHeavy Duty Fibe
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Page 181 and 182: ComponentsSLDHSilicone RubberInsula
Page 183 and 184: TechnicalTechnical InformationDeter
Page 185 and 186: Technical InformationGeneral Indust
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Page 189 and 190: TechnicalTechnical InformationTypic
Page 191 and 192: TechnicalTechnical InformationRadia
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Page 199 and 200: TechnicalHeat Tracing ProductsIndus
Page 201 and 202: Heat Tracing ProductsApplication &
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Page 205: TechnicalTechnical InformationDeter
Page 209 and 210: TechnicalTechnical InformationWirin
Page 211 and 212: Reference Data206TechnicalPressure-
Page 213 and 214: TechnicalReference DataPhysical & T
Page 215 and 216: TechnicalReference DataEquivalents
Page 217 and 218: TechnicalTechnical InformationNEMA
Page 219 and 220: TechnicalTechnical InformationHazar
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Cold Weather Catalog - Chromalox Precision Heat and Control

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