The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

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34 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.mistaken for something else. Then again, insects have enemiesin every stage of their existence—the egg, the larva, the pupa,ind the perfect form ; and the abundance of any one of theseanemies may render their survival impossible in a country otherwisewell suited to them. Ever bearing in mind these twoopposing classes of facts, we shall not be surprised at theenormous range of some groups of insects, and at the extremelocalization of others ; and shall be able to give a rational accountof many phenomena of distribution that would otherwise seemquite unintelligible
-CHAPTEK III.DISTRIBUTION AS AFFECTED BY THE CONDITIONS AND CHANGES OFTHE EARTH'SSURFACE.The distribution of animals over the earth's surface, is evidentlydependent in great measure upon those grand and importantcharacteristics of our globe, the study of which is termed physicalgeography. The proportion of land and water ; the outlines anddistribution of continents; the depth of seas and oceans; theposition of islands ;the height, direction, and continuity of mountainchains ;the position and extent of deserts, lakes, and forests ;the direction and velocity of ocean currents, as well as of prevalentwinds and hurricanes ; and lastly, the distribution of heat andcold, of rain, snow, and ice, both in their means and in theirextremes, have all to be considered when we endeavour toaccount for the often unequal and unsymmetrical manner inwhich animals are dispersed over the globe. But even thisknowledge is insufficient unless we inquire further as to theevidence of permanence possessed by each of thesefeatures, inorder that we may give due weight to the various causes thathave led to the existing facts of animal distribution.Land and Water.—The well-known fact that nearly threefourths of the surface of the earth isoccupied by water, and buta little more than one-fourth by land, is important as indicatingthe vast extent of ocean by which many of the continents andislands are separated from each other. But there is another fact
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
Page 16 and 17: —viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
Page 18 and 19: PREFACE.therefore designed a series
Page 20 and 21: xiiPREFACE.and conclusions would ha
Page 22 and 23: ::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
Page 25 and 26: 2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
Page 27 and 28: —CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
Page 29: —CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
Page 33: THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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Page 42 and 43: CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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Page 46 and 47: 14 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
Page 50 and 51: 18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
Page 54 and 55: ;22 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part
Page 56 and 57: 24 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part I
Page 58 and 59: 26 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part j
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Page 78 and 79: —46 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [par
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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84 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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86 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I
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131..88 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [p
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,62.:90 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [p
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.92 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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—94 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [par
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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—98 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [PAR
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———100 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL
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102 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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——chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OL
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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—174 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. |>art
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and176 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
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;178 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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——chap, x.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REG
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;chap. x.J THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 1
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—chap. x.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION
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Ghap. x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 18
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;chap, x.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 19
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-63
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—;,196 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [par
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—198 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
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200 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part in.
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202 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.
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—;204 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
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218 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m.a
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224 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART III
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226 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY [part hi.e
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 22
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chap, x.] THE PALÊARCTIC REGION 23
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;chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 2
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 23
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CHAP. X.J
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.CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION.
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—CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION. 2
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..)CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 24
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION. 2
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5cpqa
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chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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chap. xi.J THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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——chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGI
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—chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN KEGION.
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PLATE VI.SCENE IN MADAGASCAR, WITH
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:284 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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286 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part. hi
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288 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m.a
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.294 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART I'
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.296 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART II
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,298 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 11
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1302 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part II
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304 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 111
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306 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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.310 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 11
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312 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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CHAPTEE XII.THE ORIENTAL REGION.Thi
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 31
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—chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.
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Tm:aa #liFf;**!.'' liF* -H
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—;;332 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [par
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'334 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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336 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. l^rt hi.g
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE OEIENTAL REGION. 33
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PLATE IX.A MALAYAN FOREST, WITH SOM
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——348 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [pa
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356 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part Hi,
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;360 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [past hi
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364 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part in.
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.i366 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART I
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368 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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374 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PAET III
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:378 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [PART II
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.The382 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART
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N.384 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part n
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CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION
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chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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——chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN R
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;chap, xni.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION.
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;chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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—chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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..CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGIO
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-^PLATE X.z^f-^
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———416 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY.
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422 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part hi.
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—;428 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [past
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:.432 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part i
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442 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [part in.
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———chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN
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—;chap, xiu.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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—;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REG
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—:;chap, xni.] THE AUSTEALIAN REG
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xni.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiu.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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...CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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iCHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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.CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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.(HAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
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INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
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INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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