The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...
The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ... The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...
494 INDEX.Ethiopian region, general features of, 251zoological characteristics of, 25?mammalia of, 253great speciality of, 253birds of, 253reptiles of, 254amphibia of, 255fresh-water fish of, 255summary of vertebrates of, 255insects of, 255coleoptera of, 256terrestrial mollusca of, 257sub-regions of, 258Atlantic islands of, 269the probable past history of, 285tables of distribution of animals of, 293Ewtnys, N. American Tertiary, 140Euphrachis, S. American Pliocene, 147Europe, recent changes in physical geographyof, 39Miocene fauna of Central, 117Miocene fauna of, allied to existing faunaof tropical Asia and Africa, 124European sub-region, description of, 191forests of, 192mammalia of, 192birds of, 193reptiles and amphibia of, 195fresh-water fish of, 196insects of, 196islands of, 197Euryceros of Madagascar, figure of, 278Eurydon, in Brazilian caves, 145Euriitherium, European Eocene, 126Eutatus, S. American Pliocene, 147Eutelodon, European Eocene, 126Eutemnodus, S. American Eocene, 148Extinct mammalian fauna of Europe, generalconsiderations on, 126mammalia of N. America and Europe,comparison of, 140mammalia of the Antilles, 148mammalia of Old and New Worlds,general remarks on, 148fauna of New Zealand, 459Extinction of large animals, causes of, 158Fauna of Japan, general character and affinitiesof, 230of Patearetic region, general conclusionsas to, 231extinct, of Madagascar and MascareneIslands, 282Malayan, probable origin of, 359Moluccan, peculiarities of, 419Timorese, origin of, 422of Celebes, origin of, 436of New Zealand, origin of, 460Felis spelcea, 110Felis, Miocene of Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Indian Miocene, 121N. American Post-Pliocene, 129in Brazilian caves, 144Fernando Po, zoological features of, 265Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa Islands, birds of, 443Fishes, means of dispersal of, 29classification of, 101cosmopolitan groups of, 176of the Palaearctic region, 186of the European sub-region, 196of the Mediterranean sub-region, 205of the Manchurian sub-region. 227Fishes.fresh -water,table of Palaearctic familiesof, 227of the Ethiopian region, 255of South Africa, 268fresh-water, table of Ethiopian families of,298fresh-water, of the Oriental region, 318of the Indo-Malay sub-region, 341fresh-water, table of Oriental families of,369fresh-water, of the Australian region, 397fresh-water,resemblance of Australian andS. American, 400how the transmission may have takenplace, 401fresh-water, of New Zealand, 457Flamingoes, European Miocene, 162Flora, of New Zealand, as influenced by scarcityof insects, 462fossil of Australia, 467Flower, Professor, on classification of mammalia,85classification of carnivora, 87Flying Lemur, Malayan, figure of, 337Flying Opossum, figure of, 442Formosa, zoology of, 332Forests, essential to existence of many Europeananimals, 192Siberian, greatest extent of, 216G.Galapagos, scarcity of insects in, 463Galecynus, in European Pliocene, 112Galera, N. American Post- Pliocene, 13Galeospalax, European Miocene, 118Galeotherium, Post-Pliocene, 111Galethylax, European Eocene, 125Galictis, in Brazilian caves, 144Gallinse, classification of, 96range of Palaearctic genera of, 248range of Ethiopian genera of, 311range of Oriental genera of, 3S4range of Australian genera of, 485GoMus, Miocene of Greece, 116Gallus bravardi, European Pliocene, 161Gast
INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Oriental genera of, 386peculiar Australian genera of, 486Gray, Dr. J. E., on classification of Cetacea,88Greece, Upper Miocene deposits of, 115summary of Miocene fauna of, 116Groups peculiar to a region, how denned, 184Gulick, Rev. J. T., on Achatinellidas of theSandwich Islands, 446Giinther, Dr., his classification of reptiles, 98his classification of fishes, 101on gigantic tortoises of Galapagos and theMascarene Islands, 289on range of Indian reptiles in the Himalayas,329H.Haast, Dr. , on extinct birds of New Zealand,460Habitat, definition of, 4Hainan, zoology of, 334Haleyomis, European Eocene, 103Halitherium, European Pliocene, 112European Miocene, 119Helladotherium, Miocene of Greece, 116European Miocene, 120Hatteria of New Zealand, 456Helictis, Himalayan, figure of, 331Helix, Eocene, 169Hemibos, Indian Miocene, 122Hemicyon, European Miocene, 118Herpetotherium, N. American Tertiary, 134llesperomys, N. American Tertiary, 140in Brazilian caves, 145S. American Pliocene, 147Hesperomis, N. American Cretaceous, 164Heterodon, in Brazilian caves, 145Hexaprotodon, Indian Miocene, 122Hickman, Mr. John, on a cause of the extinctionof large animals, 158Himalayas, altitude reached by various groupsin the, 329, 333Hipparion, European Pliocene, 112Miocene of Greece, 115European Miocene, 119N. American Post-Pliocene, 130N. American Tertiary, 135Hippopotamus, Post- Pliocene, 112Europe m Pliocene, 113Indian Pliocene, 122Hipposyus, N. American Tertiary, 133Hippotheri-um, European Miocene, 119Indian Miocene, 122Hippotragus, European Miocene, 120Homalodontotherium, S. American Pliocene,146Homalophvs, European Miocene, 161Homocamelus, N. American Tertiary, 138Honevsuckers, birds specially adapted to"Australia, 392Hooker, Dr. , on deficiency of odours in NewZealand plants, 464Hoplocetus, European Pliocene, 112Hoplophoneus, N. American Tertiary, 134Hor&es, fossil, in Indian Miocene, 121perfect series of ancestral, in N. America,136probable birthplace of, 154Hutton, Capt. F. W., on origin of New Zealandfauna, 461Huxley, Professor, on zoological regions, 59division of animal kingdom by, 85Hycena, Post-Pliocene, 112Miocene of Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Hyoma, Indian Miocene, 121fossil in N. China, 123Hyrenwrctos in European Pliocene, 112European Miocene, 118Indian Miocene, 121S. American Pliocene, 146Hycenictis, Miocene of Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Hyrenidw, European Miocene, 118Hycenodon, European Miocene, 118European Eocene, 125N. American Tertiary, 134Hyomodontidoe, European Miocene, 118Hydrochcerus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130Hydrornis, European Miocene, 162Hyohippus, N. American Tertiary, 135Hyomoschns, European Miocene, 120Hyopotamus, European Miocene, 119N. American Tertiary, 137Hyopsodus, N. AmericanTertiary, 133Hyotherium, European Miocene, 119Hypertragulus, N. American Tertiary, 13SHypisodus, N. American Tertiary, 138Hi/psiprymnus, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157Hyrachyus, N. American Tertiary, 136Hyracodon, N. American Tertiary, 136Hyracoidea, classification of, 90Palaearetic, 242Ethiopian, 304Hyracotherium, supposed, in European Eocene,125European Eocene, 126Hystrix, European Pliocene, 113Miocene of Greece, 116N. American Tertiary, 140Ibidipodui, European Miocene, 162Ibidorhynclms, figure of, 331Iceland, zoology of, 198Icthyornis, N. American Cretaceous, 164Icticyon in Brazilian caves, 144Ictitherium, Miocene of Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Ictops, N. American Tertiary, 133India, Miocene fauna of, allied to that ofEurope, 123geological features of, 328Indian, sub-region, description of, 321supposed relation to Ethiopian region, 321mammalia of, 322birds of, 323reptiles and amphibia of, 326Indo-Chinese, sub-region, description of, 329zoological characteristics of, 330illustration of, 331reptiles of, 331amphibia of, 331insects of, 332islands belonging to, 333Indo-Malayan sub- region, description of, 334mammalia of, 336illustrations of, 336, 339birds of, 337remote geographical relations of, 339reptiles and amphibia of, 340fishes of, 341insects of, 341coleoptera of, 342terrestrial mollusca of, 343zoological relations of islands of, 345recent geographical changes in, 357probable origin of fauna of, 359Insects, means of dispersal of, 32
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Oriental genera <strong>of</strong>, 386peculiar Australian genera <strong>of</strong>, 486Gray, Dr. J. E., on classification <strong>of</strong> Cetacea,88Greece, Upper Miocene deposits <strong>of</strong>, 115summary <strong>of</strong> Miocene fauna <strong>of</strong>, 116Groups peculiar to a region, how denned, 184Gulick, Rev. J. T., on Achatinellidas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>Sandwich Islands, 446Giin<strong>the</strong>r, Dr., his classification <strong>of</strong> reptiles, 98his classification <strong>of</strong> fishes, 101on gigantic tortoises <strong>of</strong> Galapagos and <strong>the</strong>Mascarene Islands, 289on range <strong>of</strong> Indian reptiles in <strong>the</strong> Himalayas,329H.Haast, Dr. , on extinct birds <strong>of</strong> New Zealand,460Habitat, definition <strong>of</strong>, 4Hainan, zoology <strong>of</strong>, 334Haleyomis, European Eocene, 103Hali<strong>the</strong>rium, European Pliocene, 112European Miocene, 119Hellado<strong>the</strong>rium, Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 116European Miocene, 120Hatteria <strong>of</strong> New Zealand, 456Helictis, Himalayan, figure <strong>of</strong>, 331Helix, Eocene, 169Hemibos, Indian Miocene, 122Hemicyon, European Miocene, 118Herpeto<strong>the</strong>rium, N. American Tertiary, 134llesperomys, N. American Tertiary, 140in Brazilian caves, 145S. American Pliocene, 147Hesperomis, N. American Cretaceous, 164Heterodon, in Brazilian caves, 145Hexaprotodon, Indian Miocene, 122Hickman, Mr. John, on a cause <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> extinction<strong>of</strong> large <strong>animals</strong>, 158Himalayas, altitude reached by various groupsin <strong>the</strong>, 329, 333Hipparion, European Pliocene, 112Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 115European Miocene, 119N. American Post-Pliocene, 130N. American Tertiary, 135Hippopotamus, Post- Pliocene, 112Europe m Pliocene, 113Indian Pliocene, 122Hipposyus, N. American Tertiary, 133Hippo<strong>the</strong>ri-um, European Miocene, 119Indian Miocene, 122Hippotragus, European Miocene, 120Homalodonto<strong>the</strong>rium, S. American Pliocene,146Homalophvs, European Miocene, 161Homocamelus, N. American Tertiary, 138Honevsuckers, birds specially adapted to"Australia, 392Hooker, Dr. , on deficiency <strong>of</strong> odours in NewZealand plants, 464Hoplocetus, European Pliocene, 112Hoplophoneus, N. American Tertiary, 134Hor&es, fossil, in Indian Miocene, 121perfect series <strong>of</strong> ancestral, in N. America,136probable birthplace <strong>of</strong>, 154Hutton, Capt. F. W., on origin <strong>of</strong> New Zealandfauna, 461Huxley, Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, on zoological regions, 59division <strong>of</strong> animal kingdom by, 85Hycena, Post-Pliocene, 112Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Hyoma, Indian Miocene, 121fossil in N. China, 123Hyrenwrctos in European Pliocene, 112European Miocene, 118Indian Miocene, 121S. American Pliocene, 146Hycenictis, Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Hyrenidw, European Miocene, 118Hycenodon, European Miocene, 118European Eocene, 125N. American Tertiary, 134Hyomodontidoe, European Miocene, 118Hydrochcerus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130Hydrornis, European Miocene, 162Hyohippus, N. American Tertiary, 135Hyomoschns, European Miocene, 120Hyopotamus, European Miocene, 119N. American Tertiary, 137Hyopsodus, N. AmericanTertiary, 133Hyo<strong>the</strong>rium, European Miocene, 119Hypertragulus, N. American Tertiary, 13SHypisodus, N. American Tertiary, 138Hi/psiprymnus, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157Hyrachyus, N. American Tertiary, 136Hyracodon, N. American Tertiary, 136Hyracoidea, classification <strong>of</strong>, 90Palaearetic, 242Ethiopian, 304Hyraco<strong>the</strong>rium, supposed, in European Eocene,125European Eocene, 126Hystrix, European Pliocene, 113Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 116N. American Tertiary, 140Ibidipodui, European Miocene, 162Ibidorhynclms, figure <strong>of</strong>, 331Iceland, zoology <strong>of</strong>, 198Icthyornis, N. American Cretaceous, 164Icticyon in Brazilian caves, 144Icti<strong>the</strong>rium, Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 115European Miocene, 118Ictops, N. American Tertiary, 133India, Miocene fauna <strong>of</strong>, allied to that <strong>of</strong>Europe, 123geological features <strong>of</strong>, 328Indian, sub-region, description <strong>of</strong>, 321supposed relation to Ethiopian region, 321mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 322birds <strong>of</strong>, 323reptiles and amphibia <strong>of</strong>, 326Indo-Chinese, sub-region, description <strong>of</strong>, 329zoological characteristics <strong>of</strong>, 330illustration <strong>of</strong>, 331reptiles <strong>of</strong>, 331amphibia <strong>of</strong>, 331insects <strong>of</strong>, 332islands belonging to, 333Indo-Malayan sub- region, description <strong>of</strong>, 334mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 336illustrations <strong>of</strong>, 336, 339birds <strong>of</strong>, 337remote <strong>geographical</strong> <strong>relations</strong> <strong>of</strong>, 339reptiles and amphibia <strong>of</strong>, 340fishes <strong>of</strong>, 341insects <strong>of</strong>, 341coleoptera <strong>of</strong>, 342terrestrial mollusca <strong>of</strong>, 343zoological <strong>relations</strong> <strong>of</strong> islands <strong>of</strong>, 345recent <strong>geographical</strong> changes in, 357probable origin <strong>of</strong> fauna <strong>of</strong>, 359Insects, means <strong>of</strong> dispersal <strong>of</strong>, 32
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