492 INDEX.Cams, and Gerstaeker on classification <strong>of</strong><strong>animals</strong>, 85Pr<strong>of</strong>essor, on classification <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cetacea,88Castor, European Pliocene, 113European Miocene, 120Casoryx, N. American Tertiary, 138Cathartes, Brazilian caves, 164Cave-fauna <strong>of</strong> Brazil, 143Cavia, European Miocene, 121in Brazilian caves, 144S. American Pliocene, 147Cebochcerus, European Eocene, 126Cebus in Brazilian caves, 144Celebes, physical features <strong>of</strong>, 389mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 426birds <strong>of</strong>, 428insects <strong>of</strong>, 434origin <strong>of</strong> fauna <strong>of</strong>, 436Centetidm, European Miocene, 118Ceratodus, remarkable Australian fish, 397Cercolabes in Brazilian caves, 145Cercopi<strong>the</strong>cus in European Pliocene, 112Cervidce, European Miocene, 120birthplace and migrations <strong>of</strong>, 155Cervus, European Pliocene, 113Indian Pliocene and Miocene, 122N. American Post-Pliocene, 130N. American Tertiary, 138in Brazilian caves, 144S. American Pliocene, 147Cetacea, European Pliocene, 112European Miocene, 119N. American Post-Pliocene, 130N. American Tertiary, 140Cetacea, classification <strong>of</strong>, 89range <strong>of</strong> Oriental genus, 374Ceylon and Malaya, resemblance <strong>of</strong> insects <strong>of</strong>,327Ceylonese sub-region, 326mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 327birds <strong>of</strong>, 327reptiles <strong>of</strong>, 327amphibia <strong>of</strong>, 327insects <strong>of</strong>, 327past history <strong>of</strong>, as indicated by its fauna,328Chalicomys, European Pliocene, 113Chalico<strong>the</strong>rium, European Miocene, 119Indian Miocene, 122fossil in N. China, 123Chamaleo, N. American Eocene, 165Chamois, figure <strong>of</strong>, 195Chatham Islands, birds <strong>of</strong>, 454Chelonia, classification <strong>of</strong>, 100Chelydra, European Pliocene, 165Chevrotain <strong>of</strong> Malaya, figure <strong>of</strong>, 336Chili should not be placed in <strong>the</strong> Palseaor Nearctic regions, 63China, fossil mammals in, resembling those <strong>of</strong>Indian and European Miocene, 362North, mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 222Chinchillida: in Brazilian caves, 145S. American Pliocene, 147Pliocene <strong>of</strong> Antilles, 148Chiroptera, classification <strong>of</strong>, 87list <strong>of</strong> Palsearctic genera <strong>of</strong>, 239list <strong>of</strong> Ethiopian genera <strong>of</strong>, 300range <strong>of</strong> Oriental genera <strong>of</strong>, 371list <strong>of</strong> Australian genera <strong>of</strong>, 475Chiroptera, European Eocene, 125in Brazilian caves, 144Chlamydolherium in Brazilian caves, 145Chmromorus, European Miocene, 119Chceropotiimvs, European Eocene, 126Chairo<strong>the</strong>riwn, Indian Miocene, 122Choneziphivs, European Pliocene, 112Chough, Alpine, figure <strong>of</strong>, 195Circuuipolar zones, objections to system <strong>of</strong>, 67Classification as affecting <strong>the</strong> <strong>study</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>distribution</strong>,83Clausilia, Eocene, 169Climate, as a limit to <strong>the</strong> range <strong>of</strong> mammalia,11gradual change <strong>of</strong>, before <strong>the</strong> glacial epoch,41Coleoptera. families selected for <strong>study</strong>, 103Palsearctic, 188number <strong>of</strong> Palsearctic species, 189<strong>of</strong> Central Europe, 196<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> M editerranean sub-region, 205<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Cape Verd Islands, 215<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Ethiopian region, 256S. African, 268<strong>of</strong> Madagascar, 282, 283<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Oriental region, 319<strong>of</strong> Indo-Malay sub-region, 342<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Australian region, 405affinity <strong>of</strong> Australian and South American406, 407<strong>of</strong> Celebes, 435<strong>of</strong> New Zealand, 457Collocalia, European Miocene, 161Colobus, European Miocene, 117Colonoceras, N. American Tertiary, 136Colossochelys <strong>of</strong> Indian Miocene, 123,U65Columbse, classification <strong>of</strong>, 96range <strong>of</strong> Palsearctic genera <strong>of</strong>, 248range <strong>of</strong> Ethiopian genera <strong>of</strong>, 311range <strong>of</strong> Oriental genera <strong>of</strong>, 384range <strong>of</strong> Australian genera <strong>of</strong>, 485Comoro islands, zoology <strong>of</strong>, 281Continents, <strong>distribution</strong> <strong>of</strong>, 37recent changes <strong>of</strong>, 38Continental extension in Mesozoic times, 156Corvus, European Miocene, 161Coryphndon, European Eocene, 126Cosmopolitan groups enumerated, 175Cricetodon, European Miocene, 120Cricetus, European Tliocene, 113Crocodiles, Eocene, 165Crocodilia, classification <strong>of</strong>, 100Crook-billed plovers <strong>of</strong> New Zealand, 456Crotch, Mr., on beetles <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Azores, 209Crowned-pigeon, figure <strong>of</strong>, 415Cryptornis, European Eocene, 163Ctenomys, S. American Pliocene, 147Cuba, extinct mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 148Curculionidium, Oolitic insect, 167Cyclostoma, Eocene, 169Cyllo sepulta, European Cretaceous, 167Cynoelurvs, in Brazilian caves, 144Cynopi<strong>the</strong>cus <strong>of</strong> Celebes, affinities <strong>of</strong>, 427Cyo<strong>the</strong>rium, European Eocene, 125D.Daptophilus, N. American Tertiary, 134Darwin, Mr., his explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cause <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> abundance <strong>of</strong> apterous insects inMsdeira, 211on <strong>the</strong> relation <strong>of</strong> flowers and insects, 463Dasyprocta, European Miocene, 121in Brazilian eaves, 144Dasypus, in Brazilian caves, 145S. American Pliocene, 147Dasyurus, Australian Post-Tertiary. 157David, Pere, his researches in China and Thibet,221, 222on birds <strong>of</strong> N. China, 226
INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. American Tertiary formations,138Palsearctic, 182probable cause <strong>of</strong> absence <strong>of</strong> from tropicalAfrica, 291Delphinus, European Pliocene, 112Dendrocyg na, European Miocene, 162Desman <strong>of</strong> S. Russia, figure <strong>of</strong>, 219Dicera<strong>the</strong>rium, N. American Tertiary, 137Dichobune, European Eocene, 12'iDicotyles, N. American Post- Pliocene, 130N. American Tertiary, 137in Brazilian caves, 144S. American Pliocene, 146birthplace and migrations <strong>of</strong>, 155Dicrocerus, European Miocene, 120Didelphys, European Eocene, 126N. American Post-Pliocene, 130in Brazilian caves, 145Didida:, 164Dinocerata, N. American Tertiary, 139Dinaceras, N. American Eocene, 139Dinoruis, allied form in European Eocene, 163<strong>of</strong> New Zealand and Australia, 164Dinoriiithidcc <strong>of</strong> New Zealand, 164Dino<strong>the</strong>riim, Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 116European Miocene, 120Miocene <strong>of</strong> Perim Island, 123Dinyctis, N. American Tertiary, 134Dinylus, European Miocene, 117Diplacodon,^. American Tertiary, 136Diprotodon, Australian Post-Tertiary, 157Dispersal <strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, 10<strong>of</strong> mamma' ia, 10<strong>of</strong> reptiles and amphibia, 28Distribution, affected by climate, 5affected by physical features, 5contrasts <strong>of</strong>, in similar climates, 5similarities <strong>of</strong>, in diverse climates, 6barriers as affecting, 6<strong>study</strong> <strong>of</strong>, dependent on a good classification,83<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> an adjunct to geology, 8<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> requires certain preliminarystudies, S<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong> dependent on physical geography,35<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, as affected by <strong>the</strong> glacial epoch.40<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, as affected by changes <strong>of</strong>vegetation, 43<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, as affected bv organic changes,44<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, hypo<strong>the</strong>tical illustration <strong>of</strong>,46<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, complexity <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> causes affecting<strong>the</strong>, 49<strong>of</strong> <strong>animals</strong>, problems in, 51<strong>of</strong> plants, as affected by <strong>the</strong> glacial epoch,42Dodo <strong>of</strong> Mauritius, 282Dolichopterus, European Miocene, 162Dommina, N. American Tertiary, 134Dorca<strong>the</strong>rium, European Miocene, 120Dremo<strong>the</strong>.rium, Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 116European Miocene, 120Dresser, Mr. H. E., on nor<strong>the</strong>rn range <strong>of</strong>European birds, 193Droma<strong>the</strong>ritim, N, American Triassic, 134oldest American mammal, 160Drnngo-shrike, Malayan figtne o p , 340Dryopntkecus European Miocene, 117E.East Africa, <strong>geographical</strong> features <strong>of</strong>, 258wide range <strong>of</strong> genera and species over, 259few special types in, 260East African sub-region, description <strong>of</strong>, 258genera and species ranging over <strong>the</strong> whole<strong>of</strong>, 259mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 260birds <strong>of</strong>, 260reptiles <strong>of</strong>, 260amphibia and fishes <strong>of</strong>, 260insects <strong>of</strong>, 260few peculiar types in, 260illustration <strong>of</strong> zoology <strong>of</strong>, 261East Australia, peculiar birds <strong>of</strong>, 440East Thibet, mammalia <strong>of</strong>, 222Eaton, Rev. A. E., on insects <strong>of</strong> KerguelenIsland, 211Echimyidiv, in Brazilian caves, 145Eckinogale, European Miocene, 118Ectognathus, N. American Eocene, 139Edentata, Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 116European Miocene, 121N. American Post-Pliocene, 130N. American Pliocene, 140<strong>of</strong> Brazilian caves, 145S. American Pliocene, 147Edentata, classification <strong>of</strong>, 90probable birthplace <strong>of</strong>, 155range <strong>of</strong> Ethiopian genera <strong>of</strong>, 305range <strong>of</strong> Oriental genus rf, 375Elephants, fossil <strong>of</strong> Indian M\ >cene, 123fossil in N. American Post- Pliocene formations,130birthplace and migrations <strong>of</strong>, 155Elephant shrews, 8. African, 267Elephas, Post-Pliocene, 112fossil in N. China, 123N. American Tertiary, 138Elliot, Mr., his great work on <strong>the</strong> birds oparadise, 415Elomis, European Miocene, 162Elo<strong>the</strong>rium, N. American Tertiary, 137, 139Elwes, Mr., on birds <strong>of</strong> Peisia, 204on true <strong>relations</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> birds <strong>of</strong> CentralIndia, 323Embasis, N. American Tertiary, 134Emu, figure <strong>of</strong>, 441Emys, Indian Miocene, 123Miocene and Eocene, 1 65Emydida, Indian Miocene, 123Enhydrion, Indian Miocene, 121Eobasileus, N. American Eocene, 139Eocene period, 124fauna <strong>of</strong> S. America, 148Ephemera, from <strong>the</strong> Lias, 167Bporeodon, N. American Tertiary, 138Equiiln; European Pliocene, 112Miocene <strong>of</strong> Greece, 115European Eocene, 125Eqmts, European Pliocene, 112Pust-Pliocene, 112Indian Miocene, 121N. American Post-Pliocene, 130N. American Tertiary, 135Brazilian caves, 144S. American Pliocene, 146Ereptodon, N. American Post- Pliocene, 130Erinaceus, European Miocene, 117Erythromachus <strong>of</strong> Rodriguez, 164Esthonyx, N. American Eocene, 139Ethiopian region should not include any part<strong>of</strong> India, 63defined, 7isubdivisions <strong>of</strong>, 73
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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386 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART III
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CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION
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chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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——chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN R
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;chap, xni.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION.
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;chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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—chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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..CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGIO
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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-^PLATE X.z^f-^
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———416 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY.
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442 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [part in.
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- Page 555 and 556: INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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- Page 563 and 564: INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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- Page 569 and 570: INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of