The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

490 INDEX.Animals, rapid multiplication of, 10Anisacodon, N. American Tertiary, 137Anoa of Celebes, peculiarities of, 428Anoplotheriidce, European Miocene, 119Anoplotherium, European Miocene, 1 19European Eocene, 126S. American Eocene, 148Anseres, arrangement of, 98peculiar Palasarctic genera, 250peculiar Ethiopian genera of, 313peculiar Australian genera of, 487Antelopes in the Indian Miocene deposits, 122birthplace and migrations of, 155Paliearctic, 182Antelotherhim, Indian Miocene, 122Anthracothcrid.ee, N. American Tertiary, 137Anthraeotherium, European Miocene, 119Antiacodon, N. American Tertiary, 133Antilles, Pliocene Mammalia of, 148Antilope, Post-Pliocene, 112in Brazilian caves, 144Antiquity of the genera of insects, 166of the genera of land and freshwatershells, 168Aphanapteryx of Mauritius, 164Aphelotherium, European Eocene, 125Aquila, European Miocene, 161Archcenpteryx, Bavarian Oolite, 163Arctic zone not a separate region, 68Arctocyon, European Eocene, 125Arctodus, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130Arctomys, European Pliocene, 113Arctotherium in Brazilian caves, 144S. American Pliocene, 146Argus pheasant, figure of, 339peculiarity in display of plumage, andconfirmation of Mr. Darwin's views,340Artiodactyla, European Eocene, 126N. American Tertiary, 137S. American Pliocene, 146Arvicola, European Pliocene, 113in Brazilian caves, 145S. American Pliocene, 147S. American Eocene, 148Auchena, N. American Post-Pliocene, 130Auckland Islands, birds of, 455Australia, physical features of, 387Australia and S. America, supposed land connectionbetween, 398Australian region, description of, 387zoological characteristics of, 390mammalia of, 390birds of, 391reptiles of, 396amphibia of, 397fresh-water fish of, 397summary of vertebrata of, 397supposed land-connection of with 8. America,398insects of, 403lepidoptera of, 404coleoptera of, 405land shells of, 407sub-regions of, 408early history of, 465Australian sub-region, mammalia of, 438illustration of mammalia of, 439birds of, 440illustration of fauna of, 441Austro- Malayan sub-region, physical featuresof, 388zoology of, 409Aye-aye, figure of, 278Azores, visited by European birds, 17birds of, 207Azores, butterflies of, 207beetles of, 207, 209peculiarly modified birds of, 207stragglers to, 208how stocked with animal life, 208BBabirusa of Celebes, peculiarities of, 42bBadger, figure of, 195Balaam, European Pliocene, 112Balwnodon, European Pliocene, 112Baly, Mr, on Phytophaga of Japan, 230Banca, its peculiar species and solution of aproblem in distribution, 356Barriers, as affecting distribution, 6permanence of, as affecting distribution, 7to the dispersal of birds, 17Bates, Mr., on Carabidaeof Japan, 228on Longicorns of Japan, 230Bathmodon, N. American Tertiary, 13€Bathrodon, N. American Tertiary, 133Batrachia, Tertiary, 165Bats, powers of flight of, 15classification of, 87of New Zealand, 450Bears, probable cause of absence of, fromtropical Africa, 291Beaver, N. American Tertiary, 140Beetles, families selected for study, 103from the Lias, 167of Azores, 207of Japan, 228Belemnoziphius, European Pliocene, 112Belt, Mr. , his theory of a great Siberian lakeduring the glacial epoch, 218on change of climate caused by diminutionof obliquity of ecliptic, 466Birds, means of dispersal of, 15dispersal of by winds, 16American, found in Europe, 16reaching the Azores, 17barriers to dispersal of, 17limited by forests, 17classification of, 93Miocene of Greece, 116extinct, 160fossil of Palrearetic region, 161European of Miocene period, 161Eocene of Europe, 162relations of, 162extinct of North America, 163recently extinct in New Zealand, 164Cretaceous of N. America, 164remains of in Brazilian caves, 164recently extinct in Madagascar and theMascarene Islands, 164cosmopolitan groups of, 176numerous genera, Palaearetic, 1S3of the European sub-region, 193northern range of in Europe, 193of the zone of pine forests, 194of Iceland, 198of the Mediterranean sub-region, 203of Malta, 206 (note)of Azores, 207of the Cape Verd Islands, 215of Siberian sub-region, 219Oriental found in Siberia, 219extreme northern Asiatic, 219of northern Asiatic forests, 220of the Manchurian sub-region, 223Pal^arctic genera of, in the Manchuriansub-region, 224