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—450 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.New Zealand, there would have been formed an island-continentnot much inferior in extent to Australia itself.New Zealand is wholly situated in the warmer portion ofthe Temperate zone, and enjoys an exceptionally mild andequable climate. It has abundant moisture, and thus comeswithin the limits of the South-Temperate forest zone ; and thisleads to its productions often resembling those of the tropical,but moist and wooded, islands of thePacific, rather than thoseof the temperate, but arid and scantily wooded plains of Australia.The two islands of New Zealand are about the sameextent (approximately) as the British Isles, but the difference inthe general features of their natural history is very great.Thereare, in the former, no mammalia, less than half as many birds,very few reptiles and fresh-water fishes, and an excessive andmost unintelligible poverty of insects; yet, considering thesituation of the islands and their evidently long-continuedisolation, the wonder rather is that their fauna is so variedand interesting as it is found to be. Our knowledge of thisfauna, though no doubt far from complete, is sufficientlyample ; and it will be well to give a pretty full account ofit, in order to see what conclusions may be drawn as to itsorigin.Mammalia.—The only mammals positivelyknown as indigenousto New Zealand are two bats, both peculiar to it,Scotophiliatuberculatus and Mystadna tuberculata. The former isallied to Australian forms ;the latter is more interesting, asbeing a peculiar genus of the family Noctilionidae, which doesnot exist in Australia ; and in having decided resemblances tothe Phyllostomidse of South America, so that it may almost beconsidered to be a connecting link between the two families.forest rat is said to have once abounded on the islands, and tohave been used for food by the natives ; but there is much doubtas to what it really was, and whether it was not an introducedspecies. The seals are wide-spread antarctic forms which haveno geographical significance.Birds.—About 145 species of birds are natives of New Zealand,of which 88 are waders or aquatics, leaving 57 land-birds belong-A
—:;chap, xni.] THE AUSTEALIAN REGION. 451ing to 34 genera. Of this latter number, 16, or nearly half xarepeculiar ; and there are also 5 peculiar genera of waders andaquatic birds, making 21 in all. Of the remaining genera ofland-birds, four are cosmopolite or of very wide range, while theremainder are characteristic of the Australian region. Thefollowing is a list of the Australian genera found in NewZealand : Sphenmacus, Gerygone, Orthonyx (Sylviidse) ; Graucalus(Campephagidse) ; Rhipidura (Muscicapidse) ; Anthochwra (Meliphagidae); Zosterops (Dicaeida?) ; Cyanoramphus (Platycercidse)Carpophaga (Columbidse) ; Hieracidea (Falconidse) ; Tribonyx(Rallidae). Besides these there are several genera of widerange, as follows :Anthus (Motacillidse) ; Hirundo (Hirundinidse); Chrysococcyx, Eadynamis (Cuculidse) ; Halcyon (Alcedinidae); Coturnix (Tetraonidse) ; Circus (Falconidae) ;Athene(Strigidae).Most of the above genera are represented by peculiar NewZealand species, but in several cases the species are identicalwith those of Australia, as in the following : Anthochcera carunculata,Zosterops lateralis, Hirundo nigricans, and Chrysococcyxlucidus ;also oneWe now come toare of especialEudynamis taitensis—which isinterestPolynesian.the genera peculiar to New Zealand, whichList of Geneea of Birds Peculiar to New Zealand.Family and Genus.Sylviidê.1. Myiomoira2. Miro
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
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—viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
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PREFACE.therefore designed a series
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xiiPREFACE.and conclusions would ha
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::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
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2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
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THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I.
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8 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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;12 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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14 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
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;22 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part
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24 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part I
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CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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—98 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [PAR
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———100 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL
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102 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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——chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OL
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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—174 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. |>art
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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——chap, x.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REG
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;chap. x.J THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 1
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—chap. x.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION
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Ghap. x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 18
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;chap, x.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 19
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 23
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CHAP. X.J
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.CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION.
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—CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION. 2
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..)CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 24
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION. 2
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chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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chap. xi.J THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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——chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGI
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—chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN KEGION.
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PLATE VI.SCENE IN MADAGASCAR, WITH
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:284 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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312 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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CHAPTEE XII.THE ORIENTAL REGION.Thi
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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—chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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PLATE IX.A MALAYAN FOREST, WITH SOM
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N.384 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part n
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CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION
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chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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——chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN R
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;chap, xni.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION.
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Page 555 and 556: INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
Page 557 and 558: AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
Page 559 and 560: INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
Page 561 and 562: INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
Page 563 and 564: INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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