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:440 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.the left is a bandicoot (Peramclcs gunnii). These are delicate littleanimals allied to the kangaroos ; and they are found in all parts ofAustralia, and Tasmania, to which latter country this speciesis confined. On the right is the wombat (Phascolomys wombat),a root-eating marsupial, with large incisor teeth like those of ourrodents. They inhabit south-east Australia and Tasmania. Inthe foreground is the porcupine ant-eater (Echidna sctosa), belongingto a distinct order of mammalia, Monotremata, of which theonly other member is the duck-billed OrnitJwrhynchus. Theseanimals are, however, more nearly allied to the marsupials, thanto the insectivora or edentata of the rest of the world, which insome respects they resemble. An allied species (Echidna hystrix)inhabits south-east Australia.Birds.—Australia (with Tasmania) possesses about 630 speciesof birds, of which 485 are land-birds. Not more than about onetwentiethof these are found elsewhere, so that it has a largerproportion of endemic species than any other sub-region on theglobe. These birds are divided among the several orders asfollowsPasseres
—chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN. REGION. 441to Tasmania ; which island appears to possess no peculiargenus of birds except Eudyptes, one of the penguins. WestAustralia has no wholly peculiar genus except Geopsittacus, acurious form of ground parroquet; the singular Atrichia, firstfound here, having been discovered in the east. In NorthAustralia, Emblcma (Ploceidce) is the only peculiar Australiangenus, but several Austro-Malayan and Papuan genera enter,as, Syma and Tanysiptera (Alcedinidse) ;Machcerihynchus(Muscicapidse) ; Calornis (Sturnidae) ; Manucodia, Ptilorhis, andjElurcedus (Paradiseidse) ; Megapodius ; and Casuarius. The presenceof a species of bustard (Eupodotis) in Australia, is verycurious, its nearest allies being in the plains of India and Africa.Among waders the genus Tribonyx, a thick-legged bird somewhatresembling the Notornis of New Zealand, though not closelyallied to it, is the most remarkable. The district where thetypical Australian forms most abound is undoubtedly the easternside of the island. The north and south are both somewhatpoorer, the west much poorer, although it possesses a few verypeculiar forms, especially among Mammalia. Tasmania is thepoorest of all,a considerable number of genera being here wanting;but, except the two peculiar carnivorous marsupials, itpossesses nothing to mark it off zoologically from the adjacentparts of the main land. It is probable that its insular climate,more moist and less variable than that of Australia, may not besuitable to some of the absent forms ; while others may requiremore space and more varied conditions, than are offered by acomparatively small island.The remaining classes of animals have been already discussedin our sketch of the region as a whole (p. 396).Plate XII Illustrating the Fauna of Australia.—In thisplate we take New South "Wales as our locality, and representchiefly, the more remarkable Australian types of birds. Themost conspicuous figure is the wonderful lyre-bird (Menura superba),the elegant plumage of whose tail is altogether unique inthe whole class of birds. The unadorned bird is the female. Inthe centre is the emu (Dromceus novm-hollandice) ,the representativein Australia, of the ostrich in Africa and America, but be-Yol. I.—30
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
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—viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
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PREFACE.therefore designed a series
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xiiPREFACE.and conclusions would ha
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::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
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2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
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THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I.
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8 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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;12 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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14 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
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;22 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part
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24 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part I
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26 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part j
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CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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—98 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [PAR
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———100 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL
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102 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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——chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OL
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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—174 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. |>art
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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——chap, x.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REG
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;chap. x.J THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 1
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—chap. x.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION
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Ghap. x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 18
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;chap, x.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 19
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218 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m.a
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224 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART III
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226 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY [part hi.e
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 23
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CHAP. X.J
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.CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION.
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—CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION. 2
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..)CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 24
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION. 2
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chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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chap. xi.J THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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——chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGI
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—chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN KEGION.
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PLATE VI.SCENE IN MADAGASCAR, WITH
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:284 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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288 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m.a
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.294 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART I'
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.296 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART II
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1302 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part II
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304 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 111
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306 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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308 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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.310 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 11
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312 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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CHAPTEE XII.THE ORIENTAL REGION.Thi
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 31
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—chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.
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Tm:aa #liFf;**!.'' liF* -H
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336 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. l^rt hi.g
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE OEIENTAL REGION. 33
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PLATE IX.A MALAYAN FOREST, WITH SOM
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356 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part Hi,
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364 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part in.
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368 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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374 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PAET III
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:378 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [PART II
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.The382 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART
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N.384 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part n
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CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION
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INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
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INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
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INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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