The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

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430 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III.very much richer in the one case than in the other. The 24o-enera derived from Borneo and Java are only about one fourthof the characteristic genera of those islands; while the 15Moluccan and Timorese geuera are fully one third of theircharacteristic types. The proportion derived from the Australian,is greater than that derived from the Oriental side.We shall exhibit this perhaps more clearly, by giving a list ofthe important groups of each set of islands which are absentfrom Celebes.Important Families of Java and Borneoabsent from Celebes.Important Families of the Moluccasabsent from Celebes.1. Eurylsemidse.2. Timaliidse.3. Phyllornithidae.4. Pycnonotida?5. Laniidjfi.6. Megalseraidae.7. Trogonidse.8. Phasianida?.1. Meliphagidae.Additional important genera of Java orBorneo absent from Celebes.1. Orthotomus.2. Copsychus.3. Enicurus.4. Tchitrea.5. Pericrocotus.6. Irena.7. Platylophus.8. Dendrocitta.9. Eulabes.10. Hemicercus.11. Chrysocolaptes.12. Tiga.13. Microptemus.14. Batrachostomus.15. Palseornis.16. Rollulus.Important genera of the Moluccasabsent from Celebes.1. Mimeta.2. Monarcha.3. Rhipidura.4. Pachycephala.5. Lycocorax.6. Alcyone.7. Tanysiptera.8. Geoffroyus.9. Eclectus.10. Platycercus.11. Eos.12. Lorius.If we reckon the absent families to be each represented byonly two important genera, we shall find the deficiency on theOriental side much the greatest;yet those on the side of theMoluccas are sufficiently remarkable.The Meliphagidse are notindeed absolutely wanting, since a Myzomela has now beenfound in Celebes ;but all its larger and more powerful formswhich range over almost the entire region, are absent. Thismay be balanced by the absence of the excessively abundantTimaliidffi of the Indo-Malay islands, which arerepresented by
;chap, xiil.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION. 431only a single species ; and by the powerfdl Phasianidae, representedonly by the common Malay jungle fowl,perhaps introduced.The entire absence of Pycnonotidse is a very anomalousfact, since one of the largest genera, Criniger, is well representedin several islands of the Moluccas, and one has even been foundin the Togian islands in the great northern inlet of Celebesbut yet it passes over Celebes itself. Ceyx, a genus of smallkingfishers, is a parallel case, since it isfound everywhere fromIndia to New Guinea, leaving out only Celebes ; but this comesamong those curiosities of the Celebesian fauna which we shallnotice further on.In the list of genera derived from Borneo orJava, no less than 6 are represented by identical species (indicatedby sp. after the name) ; while in the Moluccan list 5are thus identical. These must be taken to indicate, either thatthe genus is a recent introduction, or that stragglers still occasionallyenter, crossing the breed, and thus preventing specificmodification. In either case they depend on the existing stateof things, and throw no light on the different distribution ofland and sea which aided or checked migration in former timesand they therefore to some extent diminish the weight of theIndo-Malay affinity, as measured by the relations of the peculiarspecies of Celebes.From our examination of the evidence thus far,—that is, takingaccount firstly,of the species, and, secondly, of the genera, whichare common to Celebes and the groups of islands between whichit is situated, we must admit that the connexion seems ratherwith the Oriental than with the Australian region; but when wetake into account the proportion of the genera and speciespresent,to those which are absent, and giving some weight togreater extent of coast line on the Indo-Malay side, we seemjustified in stating that the Austro-Malay element istherather themost fully represented. This result applies both to birds andmammals ; and it leads us to the belief, that during the epoch ofexisting species and genera, Celebes has never been united withany extensive tract of land either on the Indo-Malay or Austro-Malay side, but has received immigrants from both during a verylong period, the facilities for immigration having been rather the
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
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—viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
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PREFACE.therefore designed a series
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xiiPREFACE.and conclusions would ha
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::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
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2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
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THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I.
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8 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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;12 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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14 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
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;22 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part
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24 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part I
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26 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part j
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;28 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part
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36 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part r
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—46 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [par
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CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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;GO DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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;G2 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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G4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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;GG DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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70 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part r
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72 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I
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82 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part.
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86 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I
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131..88 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [p
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.92 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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—94 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [par
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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—98 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [PAR
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———100 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL
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102 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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——chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OL
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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—174 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. |>art
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and176 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
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;178 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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——chap, x.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REG
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;chap. x.J THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 1
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—chap. x.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION
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Ghap. x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 18
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;chap, x.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 19
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—198 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part
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200 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part in.
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202 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.
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218 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m.a
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224 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART III
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226 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY [part hi.e
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 22
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chap, x.] THE PALÊARCTIC REGION 23
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;chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 2
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 23
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CHAP. X.J
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.CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION.
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—CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION. 2
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..)CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 24
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION. 2
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5cpqa
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chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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chap. xi.J THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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——chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGI
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—chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN KEGION.
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PLATE VI.SCENE IN MADAGASCAR, WITH
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:284 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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286 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part. hi
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288 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part m.a
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.294 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART I'
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.296 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART II
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,298 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 11
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1302 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part II
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304 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 111
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306 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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308 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part III
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.310 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART 11
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312 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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CHAPTEE XII.THE ORIENTAL REGION.Thi
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 31
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—chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.
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Tm:aa #liFf;**!.'' liF* -H
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—;;332 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [par
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'334 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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336 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. l^rt hi.g
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE OEIENTAL REGION. 33
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PLATE IX.A MALAYAN FOREST, WITH SOM
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——348 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [pa
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356 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part Hi,
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;360 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [past hi
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364 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [part in.
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.i366 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART I
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368 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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374 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PAET III
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:378 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [PART II
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.The382 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [PART
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Page 445 and 446: CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
Page 447 and 448: ;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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Page 461 and 462: chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION.
Page 463 and 464: ;chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
Page 465 and 466: —chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
Page 469 and 470: ..CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGIO
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CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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.(HAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
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INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
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INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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