The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION. 427Celebes as far as at present known, though many small speciesmay yet be discovered.1. Cynopithecus nigrescens. 7. Barbirusa alfurns.2. Tarsius spectrum. 8. Sciurus (5 peculiar sp.)3. Viverra tangaluuga. 9. Mus (2 peculiar sp.)4. Cervus hippelaplms. 10. discus (2 peculiar sp.)5. Auoa depressicornis. Also 7 species of bats, of6. Sus celebensis. which 5 are peculiar.The first— a large black ape—is itself an anomaly, since it isnot closely allied to any other form of quadrumana. Its flatprojecting muzzle, large superciliary crests and maxillary ridges,with the form and appearance of its teeth, separate it altogetherfrom the genus Macacus, as represented in the Indo-Malay islands,and ally it closely to the baboons of Africa. We 1have alreadyseen reason to suppose that it has been carried to Batchian,and there is some doubt about the allied species or variety (C.niger) of the Philippines being really indigenous there; in whichcase this interesting form will remain absolutely confined to Celebes.(2.) The tarsier is a truly Malayan species, but it is said tooccur in a small island at the northern extremity of Celebes andon some of the Philippine islands.introduced there.It might possibly have been(3) and (4)—a civet and a deer—are, almost certainly,as in the Moluccas, introduced species. (5.) Anoa depressicornis.This is one of the peculiar Celebesian types; a small straighthornedwild-bull, anatomically allied to the buffaloes, and somewhatresembling the bovine antelopes of Africa, but having nonear allies in the Oriental region. (6.) Sus Celebensis ;a peculiarspecies of wild-pig. (7.) Babirusa alfurus ; another remarkabletype, having no near allies. It differs in its dentition from thetypical Suidae, and seems to approach the African Phacochceridse.The manner in which the canines of the upper jaw are reversed,and grow directly upwards in a spiral curve over the eyes, isunique among mammalia. (8.)Five squirrels inhabit Celebes, andall are peculiar species. (9.) These>are forest rats of the sub-genusGymnomys, allied to Australian species. 10. Cuscus. This typical1The general form of the skull agrees best with that of Cynocephalusmormon, the largest and most typical of the African baboons ;while theposition of the nostrils brings it nearer the macaques.