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344 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.abundant and characteristic. Out of the 41 Oriental genera 21are Malayan, and 10 of these are not found in the other subregions.In Lucanidae the Malay islands are rich, 14 out of the 16Oriental genera occurring there, and 3 being peculiar. Thereare many fine species of Odontolabris, which may be consideredthe characteristic genus of the sub-region.The Cetoniidae are well represented by 16 genera and about 120species. The genera Mycteristes, Phccdimus, Plectrone, Euremina,Rhagopteryx and Ccntrognathus are peculiar, while Agestrata,Ghalcothca, and Macronota are abundant and characteristic.The Longicorns, as in all continental forest regions near theequator, are very abundant and in endlessly varied forms. Noless than 55 genera containing about 200 species are peculiar tothis sub-region, the Cerarnbycidse being much the most numerous.Euryarthrum, Coelosterna, Ayelasta,and Astathes may be consideredas most characteristic ; but to name the curious and interestingforms would be to give a list of half the genera.Forthe relations of the Longicorns of the Indo-Malay, and those ofthe Austro-Malay region, the reader is referred to the chaptef onthe distribution of insects in the succeeding part of this work.Terrestrial Mollusca.—The Philippine islands are celebratedas being one of the richest parts of the world for land shells,about 400 species being known. The other islands of the subregionare far less rich, not more than about 100 species havingyet been described from the whole of them. Helix and Bulimusboth abound in species in the Philippines, whereas thelatter genus is very scarce in Borneo and Java.Ten genera ofHelicidse inhabit the sub-region ; Pfeifferia is found in thePhilippines and Moluccas, while the large genus Cochlostyla isalmost peculiar to the Philippines.Of the Operculata there arerepresentatives of 20 genera, of which Dermatoma and Pupinellaare peculiar, while Registoma and Callia extend to theAustralian region. Cycloplwrus, Leptopoma, and Pupina areperhaps the most characteristic genera.
—chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.. 345The Zoological Relations of the Several Islands of the Inch-MalaySub -region.Although we have grouped the Philippine islands with theIndo-Malay sub-region, to which, as we shall see, they undoubtedlybelong, yet most of the zoological characteristics wehave just sketched out, apply more especially to the other groupsof islands and the Malay peninsula. The Philippine islandsstand, to Malaya proper, in the same relation that Madagascardoes to Africa or the Antilles to South America ; that is, theyare remarkable for the absence of whole families and generawhich everywhere characterise the remainder of the district.They are, in fact, truly insular, while the other islands are reallycontinental in all the essential features of theirnatural history.Before, therefore, we can conveniently compare the separateislands of Malaya 1with each other, we must first deal with thePhilippine group, showing in what its speciality consists, andwhy it must be considered apart from the sub-region to whichit belongs.Mammals of the Philippine Islands.—The only mammalia recordedas inhabiting the Philippine Islands are the following :Quadrumana. 1. Macacus cynomolgus.2. Cynopithecus niger. Dr. Semper doubts this beinga Philippine species.Lemuroidea. 3. Tarsius spectrum.Insectivora. 4. Galeopithecus philippinensis.5. Tupaia (species). On Dr. Semper's authority.Carnivora. 6. Viverra tangalunga.7. Paradoxurus philippensis.Ungulata. 8. Sus (species). On Dr. Semper's authority.9. Cervus mariannus.10. Cervus philippensis.11. Cervus alfredi.12. Bos (species). "Wild cattle ;perhaps introduced.Rodentia. 13. Phlseonrys cummingii.14. Scuirus philippinensis.Also 24 species, belonging to 17 genera, of bats.1As so many typical Malay groups are absent only from the Philippines, Ihave adopted the term " Malaya," to show the distribution of these, usingthe term " Indo-Malaya" when the range of the group includes thePhilippines.This must be remembered when consulting the tables of distributionat the end of this chapter.Vol. I.—24.
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
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—viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
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PREFACE.therefore designed a series
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::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
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2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
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THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I.
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8 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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;12 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
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CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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102 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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;chap. x.J THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 1
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—chap. x.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION
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;chap, x.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 19
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 23
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CHAP. X.J
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.CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION.
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—CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION.
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CHAP. X.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION. 2
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..)CHAP. X.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REGION
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 24
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CHAP. X.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION. 2
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chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 26
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——chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGI
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—chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION.
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;CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 2
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—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN KEGION.
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PLATE VI.SCENE IN MADAGASCAR, WITH
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:284 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi
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chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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;chap, xni.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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;chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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..CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGIO
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-^PLATE X.z^f-^
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———416 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY.
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...CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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iCHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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.CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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.(HAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
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INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
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INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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