The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

—;;332 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.a genus of Ceciliadse, is peculiar to the Khasya Hills ; Tylotritron(Salamandridae) to Yunan in Western China, and perhapsbelongs to the Paleearctie region.Of the tail-less Batrachians, Glyphoglossus is found in PeguXenoplvys in the Eastern Himalayas; while Gallula, Ixalus,Rhacophorus, Hylurana, Oxyglossus, and Phrynoglossus, are commonto the Himalo-Chinese and Malayan sub-regions.Of the lizards, Colotes, Barycephalus, and Hinulia,—and ofthe Batrachia, Bufo,—are found at above 11,000 feet elevation inthe Himalayas.Insects.— So little has been done in working out the insectfaunas of the separatesub-regions, that they cannot be treatedin detail, and the reader is referred to the chapter on the distributionof insects in the part of this work devoted to GeographicalZoology. A few particulars may, however, be given as tothe butterflies, which have been more systematically collected intropical countries than any other order of insects. The Himalayanbutterflies, especially in the eastern portions of the rangein Assam and the Khasya Hills—are remarkably fineand veryabundant; yet all the larger groups extend into the Malayansub-region, many to Ceylon, and a considerable proportion evento Africa and Austro-Malaya. There are a large number ofpeculiar types, but most of them consist of few or singlespecies.Such are Neope, Orenoma, and Rhaphicera, gener a of SatyridseEnispe (Morphidse) ; Hestina, Penthcma, and Abrota (Nymphalidse); Dodona (Erycinidse) ; Ilerda (Lycsenidse) ; Calinaga, Teinopalpus,and Bhutanitis (Papilionidse). Its more prominent featuresare, however, derived from what may be termed Malayan,or even Old. World types, such as Euplcca, among Danaidse;Amatliusia, Chrome, and Thaumantis, among Morphidse ; Euripus,Diadema, Athyma, Limenitis, and Adolias, among Nymphalidse,Zemeros and Taxila among Erycinidse; Amblypodia, Miletus,Ilerda, and Myrina, among Lycasnidte ;Thyca, Prioneris, Dercas,Iphias, and Thestias among Pieridse ; and Papilios of the" Amphrisius," " Coon," " Philoxenus," " Protenor" " Paris," and" Sarpedon " groups. In the Himalayas there is an unusualabundance of large and gorgeous species of the genus Papilio,