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272 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.The only known land-shells are 2 peculiar species of Balea, agenus only found elsewhere in Europe and Brazil.IV. Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands, or the MalagasySub-region.This insular sub-region is one of the most remarkable zoologicaldistricts on the globe, bearing a similar relation to Africaas the Antilles to tropical America, or New Zealand to Australia,but possessing a much richer fauna than either of these, and insome respects a more remarkable one even than New Zealand.It comprises, besides Madagascar, the islands of Mauritius,Bourbon, and Bodriguez, the Seychelles and Comoro islands.Madagascar itself is an island of the first class, being a thousandmiles long and about 250 miles in average width. It liesparallel to the coast of Africa, near the southern tropic, and isseparated by 230 miles of sea from the nearest part of the continent,although a bank of soundings projecting from its westerncoast reduces this distance to about 160 miles. Madagascar isa mountainous island, and the greater part of the interior consistsof open elevated plateaus ;but between these and the coast thereintervene broad belts of luxuriant tropical forests. It is thisforest-district which has yielded most of those remarkable typesof animal life which we shall have to enumerate ; and it isprobable that many more remain to be discovered. As all themain features of this sub-region are developed in Madagascar,we shall first endeavour to give a complete outline of the faunaof that country, and afterwards show how far the surroundingislands partake of its peculiarities.Mammalia.—The fauna of Madagascar is tolerably rich ingenera and species of mammalia, although these belong to a verylimited number of families and orders. It is especially characterizedby its abundance of Lemuridaa and Insectivora ;it alsopossesses a few peculiar Carnivora of small size ; but most ofthe other groups in which Africa is especially rich—apes andmonkeys, lions, leopards and hyaenas, zebras, giraffes, antelopes,elephants and rhinoceroses, and even porcupines and squirrels,are wholly wanting. No less than 40 distinct families of land
—CHAP. XI.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 273mammals are represented on the continent of Africa, only 11 ofwhich occur in Madagascar, which also possesses 3 familiespeculiar to itself. The following is a list of all the genera ofMammalia as yet known to inhabit the island :PRIMATES.
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
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—viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
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PREFACE.therefore designed a series
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xiiPREFACE.and conclusions would ha
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::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
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2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
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THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I.
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8 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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;12 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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14 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
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;22 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part
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24 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part I
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CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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—98 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [PAR
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———100 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMAL
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102 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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——chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OL
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WO
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—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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—174 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. |>art
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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——chap, x.] THE PAL.EARCTIC REG
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;chap. x.J THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 1
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—chap. x.J THE PALiEARCTIC REGION
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;chap, x.] THE PALÎARCTIC REGION.
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chap, x.] THE PALÂRCTIC REGION. 19
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Page 325: PLATE VI.SCENE IN MADAGASCAR, WITH
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—chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION.
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Tm:aa #liFf;**!.'' liF* -H
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;chap, xii.] THE ORIENTAL REGION. 3
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chap, xii.] THE OEIENTAL REGION. 33
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PLATE IX.A MALAYAN FOREST, WITH SOM
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356 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part Hi,
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368 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGEAPHY. [PART III
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:378 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGKAPHY. [PART II
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N.384 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part n
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CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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;chap, xiii.] THE AUSTKALIAN REGION
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chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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;chap, xni.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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;chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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—chap, xiii.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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..CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGIO
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-^PLATE X.z^f-^
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———416 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY.
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———chap, xin.] THE AUSTRALIAN
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...CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGI
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iCHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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.CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION.
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.(HAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
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INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
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INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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