The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

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;268 ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. [part hi.as Phyllastrephus (Pycnonotidse), Smithomis (Muscicapidse),Corvinella (Laniidse) ;Barbatula and Xyldbucco (Megalsemidse)Ceuthmochares, also in Madagascar, (Cuculidae) ;Typanistria(ColumbidEe). Other remarkable forms, though widely spreadover Africa, appear to have their metropolis here, as Colius andIndicator. Others seem to be confined to South Africa andAbyssinia, as the curious Bwphaga (Sturnidse) ; and Apaloderma(Trogonidse). Machcerhamphus (Falconidse) is found onlyin South-West Africa, Madagascar, and the Malay Peninsula.Reptiles.—There are 4 peculiar genera of smikes,—Typhline,belonging to the blind burrowing snakes, Typhlopidse ;Lamprophis(Lycodontidse) ; Cyrtophis and Pcecilophis (Elapidae), afamily which is chiefly Oriental and Australian. Of Lizardsthere are 10 peculiar genera ; Monotrophis (Lepidosternidse), butwith an allied form in Angola ; Cordylus, Pseudocordylus, Platysaurus,Cordylosaurus, Pleurostichus, and Saurophis, allgenera of Zonuridse ;Chamsesauridse ;peculiarGhamcesaura, forming the peculiar familyColopus and Rhopitropus (Geckotidae).Amphibia— Of Amphibia there are 4 peculiar genera:Schismaderma (Bufonidae) ;Brachymerus (Engystomidse) ;Phrynobatrackusand Stenorhynchus (Kanidee). These last are alliedto Oriental genera, and the only other Engystomidse are Orientaland Neotropical.Fresh-water Fish—Of fresh-water fishes there is1 genus—Abrostomus—belongingto the carp family, peculiar to South Africa.Insects.—South Africa is excessively rich in insects, and thenumber of peculiar types surpasses that of any other part of theWe can only here summarize the results.Lcpidoptera.—Of butterflies there are 7 peculiar genera ;2region.belonging to the Satyridse, 1 to Acrseidas, 3 to Lycsenidae,and 1 to Hesperidee. Zeritis (Lycaanidse) is also characteristicof this sub-region, although 1 species occurs in West Africa.Coleoptera.— These are very remarkable. In the family ofCicindelidaB, or tiger-beetles, we have the extraordinary Manticoraand Platychile, forming a sub-family, whose nearest allies are inNorth America ;as well as Ophryodera and Dromica, the latteran extensive genus, which ranges as far north as Mozambique
—chap, xi.] THE ETHIOPIAN REGION. 269and Lake Ngami. Another genus of tHis family, Jansenia, iscommon to South Africa and South India.In the large family of Carabidae,or ground-beetles, there are17 peculiar South African genera, the most important beingCrcpidogaster, ffytrichopus, Arsinoe, and Piezia.Three othersEunostus, Glyphodactyla, and Megalonychus—are common toSouth Africa and Madagascar only. There is also a genus iacommon with Java, and one with Australia.Of Lucanidae, or stag-beetles, there are 3 peculiar genera ; ofCetoniidse, or rose-chafers, 14 ; and of Buprestidee, 2.In the great family of Longicorns there are no less than 67peculiar genera—an immense number when we consider that thegenerally open character of the country, is such as is not usuallywell suited to this group of insects. They consist of 5 peculiargenera of Prionidse, 25 of Cerambycidae, and 37 of Lamiidae.Summary of South-African Zoology.—Summarizing these results,we find that South Africa possesses 18 peculiar genera ofMammalia, 12 of Birds, 18 of Eeptiles, 1of Fishes, 7 of Butterflies,and 107 of the six typical families of Coleoptera.Besidesthis large amount of speciality it contains many other groups,which extend either to West Africa, to Abyssinia, or to Madagascaronly, a number of which are no doubt to be referred asoriginating here.We also find many cases of direct affinity withthe Oriental region, and especially with the Malay districts, andothers with Australia ; and there are also less marked indicationsof a relation toAmerica.Atlantic Islands of the Ethiopian Region. St. Hehna.—Theposition of St. Helena, about 1,000 miles west of Africa and 16°south of the equator, renders it difficult to place it in either ofthe sub-regions ; and its scanty fauna has a general rather thanany special resemblance to that of Africa. The entire destructionof its luxuriant native forests by the introduction of goatswhich killed all the young trees (a destruction which was nearlycompleted two centuries ago) must have led to the exterminationof most of the indigenous birds and insects. At present there isno land bird that is believed to be really indigenous, and but one
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Boston UniversityCollege of Liberal
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Till. WOULD „» M Km 'ATI IK'S I'
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1IvWNrf*^ • '-^Taircecollection V
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viPREFACE.past history of the earth
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—viiiPREFACE.distribution of an o
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PREFACE.therefore designed a series
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xiiPREFACE.and conclusions would ha
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::::—::xivPREFACE.Professor Flowe
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2—CONTENTS OF THE EIEST VOLUME.PA
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xix
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—CONTENTS OF THE FIRST VOLUME.xxi
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THEGEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIONOF ANIM
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4 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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6 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part I.
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8 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i.
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CHAPTEE II.THE MEANS OF DISPERSAL A
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;12 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part
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14 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS. [part i
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18 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part i
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24 DISPERSAL AND MIGRATION. [part I
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CHAPTER IV.ON ZOOLOGICAL REGIONS.To
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:,Numidinae..:96 DISTRIBUTION OF AN
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——104 DISTRIBUTION OF ANIMALS.
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CHAPTER VI.THE EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF
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;chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORL
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;chat, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WOR
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CHAPTEE VII.EXTINCT MAMMALIA OF THE
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chap. VII.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WOR
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chap, vil] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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Jchap. vii.MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORL
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CHAPTER VIII.VARIOUS EXTINCT ANIMAL
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chap, viii.] MESOZOIC MAMMALIA. 159
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;chap, viii.] BIRDS. . 161as indica
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chap, vm.] BIRDS. 163discovered in
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chap, viii.] TERTIARY REPTILES. 1G5
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——;chap, vm.] ANTIQUITY OF INSE
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—chap, viii.] ANTIQUITY OF LAND S
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PART III.ZOOLOGICALGEOGRAPHY:AREVIE
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;CHAPTER X.THE PALiEAECTICREGION.Th
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;chap, x.] THE PALiEARCTIC REGION.
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PLATE IX.A MALAYAN FOREST, WITH SOM
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CHAPTER XIII.THE AUSTRALIAN EEGION.
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-^PLATE X.z^f-^
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iCHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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.CHAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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.(HAP. XIII.] THE AUSTRALIAN REGION
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INDEX TO VOL. I.Note.—In this Ind
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AmericanINDEX.491Birds, Oriental ge
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INDEX. 493Deer, fossil in N. Americ
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INDEX. 495Grallae, peculiar Orienta
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INDEX. 497Leptosomus, allied form i
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INDEX. 499Nannhyus, N. American Ter
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INDEX. 501Region, the best term for
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INDEX. 503I JJngulata, antiquity of
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