The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

—;chap, vii.] MAMMALIA OF THE NEW WORLD. 147Pampas ; by Auchenia, or llama, of which three extinct speciesinhabited Bolivia, in which country two allied but extinctgenera, Palmolama and Camelotherium, have also been found.Three speciesof deer (Cervus), from the Pampas deposits, completethe list of Pliocene Ungulates.Proboscidea.—The cave species of Mastodon is found also inthe Pampas deposits, and another in the Andes of Chili andBolivia.Rodents.—These are not so numerous as in the caves. Thereare species of the existing genera, Kerodon and Cavia (Caviidse)Zagostomus (Chinchillidse) ; Ctenomys (Octodontidse) ; Lepus(hare) ; Hesperomys and Oxymycterus (Muridre) ; Arvicola, agenus not living in South America ; and an extinct genus, Cardiodus.There is also a remarkable extinct form, Typotherium,larger than the capybara, and having affinities to Edentates andUngulates. Three species have been found in the Pampas deposits.Edentata.—These are as abundant and remarkable as in thecave deposits. Scelidotherium, Megatherium, Megalonyx, Glossotheriumand Dasypus, have already been noticed as from theBrazilian caves. We have here, in addition, the huge Mylodonallied to the Megatherium, and the allied genera Gnathopsisand Lestodon. We then come to the huge extinct armadillos,Glyptodon and Schistopleurum, the former consisting of numerousspecies, some of which were as large as an elephant. Anothergenus, Eutatus, is allied to the living three-banded armadillosand a species of the existing genus Euphractus has been foundin Bolivia.Toxodontidce.—There remain a number of huge animalsrivalling the Megatherium in size, and forming the generaToxodon and Nesodon, but whose position is doubtful. Severalspecies have been found in the deposits of the Pampas andPatagonia. They are allied at once to Ungulates, Eodents, Edentates,and the aquatic Sirenia, in so puzzling a manner that itimpossible to determine to what order they belong, or whetherthey require a new order to be formed for their reception. Someare believed to date back to the Miocene period, and theyindicate what strange forms may still be discovered, should anyis