The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

chap, vi.] MAMMALIA OF THE OLD WORLD. 121extinct form Titanomys. Besides these, remains referred to theSouth American genera, Cavia (cavy) and Basyprocta (agouti),have been found, the former in the Upper Miocene of Switzerland,the latter in the Lower Miocene of Auvergne.Palceomys,allied to the West Indian Cap>romys, has been found in the samedeposits ;as well as Theridomys, said by Gervais to be allied toAnomalurus and Echim.ys, thethe latter in S.America.Edentata.—These areformer now living in W. Africa,only represented by the Macrotheriumand Ancylotherhim of the Grecian deposits, the former occurringalso in France and Germany in Upper Miocene strata.Marsupials.—These consist of numerous species related tothe opossums {Didclphys), but separated by Gervais under thename Peratherium. They occur in both Upper and LowerMiocene beds.Upper Miocene Depositsof the Shvalik Hills and other Localitiesin N. W. India.These remarkable fresh-water deposits form a range of hillsat the foot of the Himalayas, a little south of Simla. Theywere investigated for many years by Sir P. Cautley and Dr.Falconer, and add greatly to our knowledge of the early faunaof the Old World continent.Primates.— Remains of the genera Semnopithecus and Macacuswere found, with other forms of intermediate character; andsome teeth indicated animals allied to the orang-utan of Borneo,and ofsimilar size.Camivora.—These consisted of species of Felis and Machairodusof large size ;Hyarna, Canis, Mcllivora, and an allied genusUrsitaxus; Ursus, in the deposits of the Nerbudda valley (ofPliocene age) ;Hymnarctos as large as the cave bear ;Amphicyonof the size of a polar bear (in the deposits of the Indusvalley, west of Cashmere) ; Lutra, and an extinct allied genusEnhydrion.Ungulata.— These are very numerous, and constitute the mostimportant feature of this ancient fauna. Horses are representedby a species of Equus from the Siwalik Hills and the TrawaddyVol. L—10