The geographical distribution of animals, with a study of the relations ...

120 DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. [part ii.genera, Cainotherium and Microtherium, in the Miocene ofFrance. They were of very small size, and are supposed to beintermediate between the Suidse and Tragulidse.The Camelopardalidse, or giraffes, were represented in Europein Miocene times by the gigantic Helladotherium, which hasbeen found in the south of France, and in Hungary, as well asin Greece. The chevrotains (Tragulidse) are represented bythe extinct genus Hyomoschus.The Cervidsedo not seem to have appeared in Europe beforethe Upper Miocene epoch, when they were represented byDorcatherium and Amjihimoschus, allied to Moschus, and alsotrue Cervus, as well as by small allied forms, Dranotherium,Amphitragalus (in the Lower Miocene), Micromeryx, Palceomeryx,and Dicroccrus.The Bovidse, or hollow-horned ruminants, were not wellrepresented in Central Europe in Miocene times. There wereno sheep, goats, or oxen, and only a few antelopes of the genusTragocerus, and one allied to Hippotragus ; and these all livedin the Upper Miocene period, as did the more numerousforms of Greece.Proboscidea.—The true elephants do not extend back to theMiocene period, but they are represented by the Mastodons,which had less complex teeth. These first appear in the UpperMiocene of Europe, five species being known from France,Germany, Switzerland, and Greece. Dinotherium, alreadynoticed as occurring in Greece, extended also to Germany andFrance, where remains of three species have been found.Bodentia.—A considerable number of generic forms of thisorder have been obtained from the Miocene strata. The principalgenera are Cricetodon, allied to the hamsters, numerous inboth the Upper and Lower Miocene period of France ; Myoxus(the dormice) in France, and an allied genus, Brachymys, in Germany.The beavers were represented by the still living genusCastor, and the extinct Steneojiber in France. The squirrels bythe existing Scuirus and Sperrnophilus ; and by extinct forms,Lithomys and Aulacodon, in Germany, the latter resembling theAfrican genus Autocodes. The hares, by Lagomys and anby